# Elevated park

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Elevated_park
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Elevated_park.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_park
> Source revision: 1340148151
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Parks located above the normal ground (street) level

The [High Line](/source/High_Line) in New York City is built on a disused elevated railway.

An **elevated park** (sometimes known as a **sky park**) is a type of [park](/source/Park) located above the normal ground (street) level. It has become more popular in the early 21st century, featuring in a number of [urban renewal](/source/Urban_renewal) projects.[1][2] While usually associated with repurposed transportation infrastructure, some elevated parks are designed on top of buildings.[3]

Elevated parks can exist, for example, on the roof of existing buildings (see also: [green roof](/source/Green_roof), [roof garden](/source/Roof_garden)),[4][3] or on former railways, elevated roads, or other elevated urban elements (often becoming [linear parks](/source/Linear_park) as well).[5][6][7][8] Examples of a linear elevated park include New York's [High Line](/source/High_Line), Chicago's [Bloomingdale Line](/source/Bloomingdale_Line), or Seoul's [Seoullo 7017 Skypark](/source/Seoullo_7017_Skypark).[5][9][10] One of the earliest of such parks was the [Promenade plantée](/source/Promenade_plant%C3%A9e) (Coulée verte René-Dumont) in Paris, dating to 1993.[11] It has proven popular enough to encourage other cities to consider similar projects, a process that gained further momentum after the success of the High Line, the first such park in the United States, which opened in 2009.[1][12][13][14][15] Numerous cities worldwide have looked into or started construction of elevated parks, including [London](/source/London), [Washington, DC](/source/Washington%2C_DC), [Jersey City](/source/Jersey_City%2C_New_Jersey), [Chicago](/source/Chicago), [Philadelphia](/source/Philadelphia), [San Francisco](/source/San_Francisco), [São Paulo](/source/S%C3%A3o_Paulo), and [Rotterdam](/source/Rotterdam).[14][16] In 2015, Hélène Littke noted that the "High Line in New York City started a worldwide trend of elevated parks", and new elevated parks are often compared to it.[17][15]

Elevated parks have been criticized for high costs, though they have generally attracted positive reviews, including from academia.[17][13] Littke observed that "The High Line is undoubtedly loved, and it is a successful place in many ways", and that its success proves that "elevated parks can bring 'new' nature into cities without occupying ground-floor space".[17]

In 2016, a public referendum to convert [Seattle](/source/Seattle)'s [Alaskan Way Viaduct](/source/Alaskan_Way_Viaduct) into an elevated park, inspired by the High Line, was strongly rejected by voters.[18]

In 2022, a sky park was constructed on [Castlefield Viaduct](/source/Castlefield_Viaduct) in [Manchester](/source/Manchester), England.[19]

Seoul 7017 Skypark is a new park converted from a defunct overpass.

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GrodachEhrenfeucht2015_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GrodachEhrenfeucht2015_1-1) Carl Grodach; Renia Ehrenfeucht (22 December 2015). [*Urban Revitalization: Remaking cities in a changing world*](https://books.google.com/books?id=iX5ACwAAQBAJ&pg=PT107). Routledge. p. 107. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-317-91201-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-91201-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["7 Plans For Elevated 'High Line' Parks Around The World"](http://www.businessinsider.com/international-high-line-parks-2013-12). *Business Insider*. Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_3-1) ["Elevated parks in Sacramento – Why Not Here? – Sactown Magazine"](http://www.sactownmag.com/October-November-2014/Park-Toppers/). *www.sactownmag.com*. 2 October 2014. Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Schröpfer2016_4-0)** Thomas Schröpfer (1 January 2016). [*Dense + Green: Innovative Building Types for Sustainable Urban Architecture*](https://books.google.com/books?id=0vM-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA264). Birkhäuser. p. 264. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-3-03821-014-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-03821-014-6).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-JordanLindner2016_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-JordanLindner2016_5-1) Shirley Jordan; Christoph Lindner (25 February 2016). [*Cities Interrupted: Visual Culture and Urban Space*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ljtqCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51). Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 51–52. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4742-2444-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4742-2444-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CryslerCairns2012_6-0)** C. Greig Crysler; Stephen Cairns; Hilde Heynen (20 January 2012). [*The SAGE Handbook of Architectural Theory*](https://books.google.com/books?id=DPJcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT824). SAGE Publications. p. 824. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4739-7116-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4739-7116-5).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sharky2016_7-0)** Bruce Sharky (5 February 2016). [*Thinking about Landscape Architecture: Principles of a Design Profession for the 21st Century*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OW2FCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA35). Routledge. pp. 35–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-317-53841-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-53841-7).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sinha_8-0)** Sinha, Amita (2014-04-03). "Slow landscapes of elevated linear parks: Bloomingdale Trail in Chicago". *Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes*. **34** (2): 113–122. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14601176.2013.830428](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14601176.2013.830428). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1460-1176](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-1176). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [161802962](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161802962).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** hermes (2017-05-20). ["Say hello to Seoul's new sky park"](https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/say-hello-to-new-sky-park-seoullo). *The Straits Times*. Retrieved 2017-05-21.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HydenSheckels2016_10-0)** Carl T. Hyden; Theodore F. Sheckels (14 January 2016). [*Public Places: Sites of Political Communication*](https://books.google.com/books?id=UYpCCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA155). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 155. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4985-0726-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-0726-4).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wright2013_11-0)** Amalie Wright (19 September 2013). [*Future Park: Imagining Tomorrow's Urban Parks*](https://books.google.com/books?id=0cLfAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT38). Csiro Publishing. p. 38. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-643-10662-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-643-10662-8).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** - ["Leisure in the Sky: 13 Elevated Railway + Rooftop Parks"](http://weburbanist.com/2013/09/02/leisure-in-the-sky-13-railway-rooftop-parks/). *WebUrbanist*. 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2017-05-30. - Taylor, Kate (2010-07-14). ["After Elevated Park's Success, Other Cities Look Up"](https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/15/arts/design/15highline.html). *The New York Times*. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_13-1) Gastil, Ray (2013-10-01). "Prospect parks: walking the Promenade Planteé and the High Line". *Studies in the History of Gardens & Designed Landscapes*. **33** (4): 280–289. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14601176.2013.807650](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14601176.2013.807650). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1460-1176](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1460-1176). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [162260743](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162260743).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_14-1) ["How the High Line Changed NYC | Village Voice"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170902134720/https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/05/03/how-the-high-line-changed-nyc/). 3 May 2017. Archived from [the original](https://www.villagevoice.com/2017/05/03/how-the-high-line-changed-nyc/) on September 2, 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_15-1) ["Photos: The Differing Destinies of Elevated Urban Parks"](https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/photos-the-differing-destinies-of-elevated-urban-parks). Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Rhodes, Margaret. ["An Elevated Park That Makes NYC's High Line Look Tiny"](https://www.wired.com/2014/10/elevated-park-makes-nycs-high-line-look-tiny/). *WIRED*. Retrieved 2017-05-30.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:1_17-2) Littke, Hélène; Locke, Ryan; Haas, Tigran (2016-10-01). "Taking the High Line: elevated parks, transforming neighbourhoods, and the ever-changing relationship between the urban and nature". *Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability*. **9** (4): 353–371. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/17549175.2015.1063532](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17549175.2015.1063532). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1754-9175](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1754-9175). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [142879219](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142879219).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Madej, Patricia (August 2, 2016). ["Voters soundly reject elevated waterfront park for downtown Seattle"](http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/elevated-waterfront-park-initiative-results/). *[The Seattle Times](/source/The_Seattle_Times)*. Retrieved June 1, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PNW070322_19-0)** Whelan, Dan (7 March 2022). ["Work starts on first phase of £20m Castlefield Viaduct park"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220307154417/https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/work-starts-on-first-phase-of-20m-castlefield-viaduct-park/). *Place Northwest*. Archived from [the original](https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/news/work-starts-on-first-phase-of-20m-castlefield-viaduct-park/) on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 7 March 2022.

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Elevated park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_park) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevated_park?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.