# Eleonora Chiavarelli

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{{Short description|Italian women and wife of Aldo Moro (1915–2010)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox person
| image        = Aldo Moro matrimonio.jpg
| birth_date   = {{birth year|1915}}
| birth_place  = [Montemarciano](/source/Montemarciano), [Kingdom of Italy](/source/Kingdom_of_Italy)
| death_date   = {{death date and age|df=y|2010|07|18|1915}}
| death_place  = Rome, Italy
| burial_place = [Torrita Tiberina](/source/Torrita_Tiberina)
| spouse       = {{marriage|[Aldo Moro](/source/Aldo_Moro)|5 April 1945|9 May 1978|reason=[murdered](/source/Kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro)}} 
| children     = Maria Fida (1952-2024), Anna (1949), Agnese (1952), Giovanni (1958)
}}
[[File:Aldo Moro con la famiglia in udienza da Paolo VI.jpg|thumb|Chiavarelli, Aldo Moro and their children with [Pope Paul VI](/source/Pope_Paul_VI)]]
'''Eleonora Chiavarelli''' (1915 – 18 July 2010) was an Italian woman who was the spouse of [Aldo Moro](/source/Aldo_Moro), a politician who was [kidnapped and murdered](/source/Kidnapping_and_murder_of_Aldo_Moro) in 1978.

==Biography==
Chiavarelli was born in 1915 in [Montemarciano](/source/Montemarciano).<ref name=mont/><ref name=ttim>{{cite news|title=Eleonora Moro|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/IF0504099335/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=128147d5|access-date=10 February 2024|work=[The Times](/source/The_Times)|issue=70009|date=26 July 2010}}</ref> Her father was a physician.<ref>{{cite book|editor1=Ruth Glynn|year=2017| title=Remembering Aldo Moro: The Cultural Legacy of the 1978 Kidnapping and Murder|editor2=Giancarlo Lombardi|publisher=Legenda|isbn=978-1-351-55153-3|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8EMrDwAAQBAJ&pg=PP20|location=Abingdon; New York|page=20|author=David Moss|chapter=Prelude: 'A Long Preparation for Death'? The Life of Aldo Moro, 1916–1978}}</ref> During World War II Chiavarelli worked in the [Italian Red Cross](/source/Italian_Red_Cross).<ref name=ttim/> 

Chiavarelli was part of an active youth organization, [Italian Catholic Federation of University Students](/source/Italian_Catholic_Federation_of_University_Students), during her university studies.<ref name=drake/> She married Aldo Moro in Montemarciano on 5 April 1945.<ref name=drake>{{cite book|author=Richard Drake|title=The Aldo Moro Murder Case|publisher=[Harvard University Press](/source/Harvard_University_Press)|year=1995|isbn=978-0-674-01481-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUohGOGzQ9cC&pg=PA6|page=6
|location=Cambridge, MA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Montemarciano: 75 anni fa Aldo Moro si sposava nella frazione di Alberici con Eleonora Chiavarelli|url=https://www.viveresenigallia.it/2020/04/06/montemarciano-75-anni-fa-aldo-moro-si-sposava-nella-frazione-di-alberici-con-eleonora-chiavarelli/780174/|language=it|work=Vivere Senigallia|access-date=15 January 2022|date=5 April 2020}}</ref> They had four children, three daughters and a son: [Maria Fida](/source/Maria_Fida_Moro), Agnese, Anna and Giovanni.<ref name=drake/><ref name=pos/> The family spent summer holidays at their home in [Terracina](/source/Terracina) from 1960.<ref>{{cite news|title=Moro Murder Darkens Mood at Party's Annual Festival|newspaper=[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/09/10/moro-murder-darkens-mood-at-partys-annual-festival/60d6d39e-1e4d-4795-ae46-44bd1a79bd8a/|date=10 September 1978|author=Sari Gilbert|access-date=16 September 2023}}</ref>

Her husband, Aldo Moro, was kidnapped by a terrorist group, [Red Brigades](/source/Red_Brigades), in Rome on the morning of 16 March 1978, and his corpse was found there on 9 May 1978.<ref name=paolo>{{cite journal|author=Paolo Heywood|title=The Two Burials of Aldo Moro: Sovereignty and Governmentality in the anni di piombo|journal=The Cambridge Journal of Anthropology|year=2009|volume=29|issue=3|pages=1–28|jstor=23820821}}</ref> Following the death of Aldo Moro she did not accept the proposal of organizing a state funeral for him.<ref name=pos/><ref>{{cite news|language=it|work=Il Sussidiario|title=Eleonora Chiavarelli, moglie di Aldo Moro|access-date=15 January 2022|url=https://www.ilsussidiario.net/news/eleonora-chiavarelli-moglie-di-aldo-moro-ci-ritroveremo-ci-riameremo/2020617/|date=9 May 2020}}</ref> The family organized a private funeral ceremony which was attended only by a small number of family members and friends on 10 May.<ref name=dmoss81>{{cite journal|author=David Moss|title=The kidnapping and murder of Aldo Moro|journal=European Journal of Sociology|volume=22|issue=2|year=1981|doi=10.1017/s0003975600003726|pages=279–280|s2cid=145234617}}</ref> It was Moro's request which he had written in one of his letters during his captivity.<ref name=dmoss81/> He was buried in [Torrita Tiberina](/source/Torrita_Tiberina), near Rome.<ref name=paolo/> Chiavarelli did not attend the state funeral for Aldo Moro held in the Church of San Giovanni in Laterano on 13 May.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tobias Abbe|editor1=Stephen Gundle|editor2=Lucia Rinaldi|title=Assassinations and Murder in Modern Italy Transformations in Society and Culture|year=2007|publisher=[Palgrave Macmillan](/source/Palgrave_Macmillan)|location=New York|isbn=978-0-230-60691-3
|pages=98–99|doi=10.1057/9780230606913_8|chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230606913_8|chapter=The Moro Affair: Interpretations and Consequences|editor1-link=Stephen Gundle}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Umberto Gentiloni Silveri|title=The History of Contemporary Italy 1943-2019|series=Italian and Italian American Studies |year=2022|publisher=[Palgrave Macmillan](/source/Palgrave_Macmillan)|location=Cham|isbn=978-3-031-14364-9|page=162|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14364-9
|doi=10.1007/978-3-031-14364-9|s2cid=253155461}}</ref>

In her later years Chiavarelli lived in Montemarciano and in Sanctuary of NS dei Lumi di Alberici.<ref name=mont>{{cite web|title=1978-2018 Montemarciano ricorda Aldo Moro|publisher=Montemarciano News|access-date=15 January 2022|url=http://www.montemarcianoturismo.it/1978-2018-montemarcianoricorda-aldo-moro/?lang=en|date=7 May 2018}}</ref> She died in Rome on 18 July 2010 at the age of 95.<ref name=ttim/><ref name=pos>{{cite news|url=https://www.positanonews.it/2010/07/scomparsa-la-vedova-di-moro-funerali-oggi-a-torrita-tiberina/13960/|title=Scomparsa la vedova di Moro-Funerali oggi a Torrita Tiberina|work=Positano News|date=19 July 2010|language=it|access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref> She was buried in Torrita Tiberina beside her husband's grave on 19 July.<ref>{{cite news|title=Scomparsa la vedova di Moro Contestò la "linea della fermezza"|url=https://www.repubblica.it/cronaca/2010/07/19/news/e_morta_la_vedova_di_moro_funerali_oggi_a_torrita_tiberina-5668593/|access-date=15 January 2022|language=it|work=[La Repubblica](/source/La_Repubblica)|date=19 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Widow of Aldo Moro dies aged 94
|newspaper=[Times of Malta](/source/Times_of_Malta)|date=20 July 2010|url=https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/widow-of-aldo-moro-dies-aged-94.318678|access-date=10 February 2024|agency=AFP}}</ref> Her eldest child, Maria Fida, did not attend the funeral ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|title=E' morta Eleonora, la vedova di Aldo Moro|url=https://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/cronaca/2010/07/19/visualizza_new.html_1873339145.html|website=[Ansa](/source/Agenzia_Nazionale_Stampa_Associata)|date=19 July 2010|location=Torrita Tiberina; Rome|access-date=16 September 2023}}</ref>

===In popular culture===
In an Italian crime movie, ''[The Moro Affair](/source/The_Moro_Affair)'', directed by [Giuseppe Ferrara](/source/Giuseppe_Ferrara) in 1986, Eleonora Chiavarelli was featured by Spanish actress [Margarita Lozano](/source/Margarita_Lozano).<ref>{{cite thesis|author=Katherine Greenburg Gilliom|title=Searching for truth: Constructing a collective memory of Aldo Moro in Italian cinema|year=2016|doi=10.17615/ppm7-0r96|location=[University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill](/source/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill)|page=53|degree=PhD}}</ref>

In [Marco Bellocchio](/source/Marco_Bellocchio)'s 2022 film ''[Exterior Night](/source/Exterior_Night)'', Chiavarelli was portrayed by [Margherita Buy](/source/Margherita_Buy).<ref>{{cite news|title=Bellocchio: "'Outside Night' engaging story without court intentions"|url=https://www.italianpost.news/bellocchio-outside-night-engaging-story-without-court-intentions/|access-date=21 May 2023|work=Italian Post|date=3 November 2022|language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Memento Moro: James Panichi reviews Exterior Night|work=Inside Story|date=2 May 2023|url=https://insidestory.org.au/memento-moro/|access-date=16 September 2023|author=James Panichi}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chiavarelli, Eleonora}}
Category:20th-century Italian women
Category:21st-century Italian women
Category:1915 births
Category:2010 deaths
Category:People from the Province of Ancona
Category:Spouses of prime ministers of Italy
Category:Italian Roman Catholics
Category:Aldo Moro

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eleonora Chiavarelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleonora_Chiavarelli) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleonora_Chiavarelli?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.