# Eleodes

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Genus of beetles

This article is about the genus of beetles. For the volcanic range on the Sonora-Arizona border, see [Pinacate, California](/source/Pinacate%2C_California). For the California town, see [Pinacate Peaks](/source/Pinacate_Peaks).

Desert stink beetle Temporal range: Middle Miocene–Present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Eleodes armata Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Clade: Pancrustacea Class: Insecta Order: Coleoptera Suborder: Polyphaga Infraorder: Cucujiformia Family: Tenebrionidae Tribe: Amphidorini Genus: Eleodes Eschscholtz, 1829 Type species Eleodes dentipes Eschscholtz, 1829 Subgenera See text The native range of Eleodes

***Eleodes*** (commonly known as **pinacate beetles** or **desert stink beetles**) is a genus of [darkling beetles](/source/Darkling_beetles) in the family [Tenebrionidae](/source/Darkling_beetle).[1] They are endemic to western [North America](/source/North_America), ranging from southern [Canada](/source/Canada) to central [Mexico](/source/Mexico), with many species found along the [Mexico-United States border](/source/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border).[2] Some species have been [introduced](/source/Introduced_species) to [Colombia](/source/Colombia). The name *pinacate* is [Mexican Spanish](/source/Mexican_Spanish), derived from the [Nahuatl](/source/Nahuatl) (Aztec) name for the insect, *pinacatl*, which translates as "black beetle".[3]

*Eleodes* species range from about 10 to 50 millimetres (0.39 to 1.97 in) in length[2] and are black, with some having a reddish tint on their abdomen. The [setae](/source/Seta) of some species such as *[Eleodes osculans](/source/Eleodes_osculans)* collect debris and give the insect a brown color, a similar effect occurs in the species *[Eleodes mirabilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_mirabilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* giving it the appearance of having whitish stripes on its abdomen.[4] Due to the number of species and their large range these beetles have a fairly varied appearance throughout the many species. All produce [quinone](/source/Quinone) or similar substances as a deterrent to predators, and many will stand on their heads to spray it.[5][6] They are typically found in the arid desert regions of their range, but can also be found in forests and grasslands. All *Eleodes* species are flightless as their [elytra](/source/Elytron) are fused together and their second pair of wings is very reduced and [vestigial](/source/Vestigiality).[6][7]

## Ecology

Most members of the genus *Eleodes* are primarily [detrivores](/source/Detritivore) feeding on plant and animal debris.[8] Some species are more inclined to consume living plants, which is especially true for species native to the plains of [North America](/source/North_America), such as *[Eleodes hispilabris](/source/Eleodes_hispilabris)* and *[Eleodes opaca](/source/Eleodes_opaca)*. The [larvae](/source/Larva) of those species and others are considered [pests](/source/Pest_(organism)) as they feed on the roots of crops.[2]

Species found in dry regions, such as members of the subgenus [*Eleodes*](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_(Eleodes_subgenus)&action=edit&redlink=1), are usually much larger than what is expected for most insects, this is due the lack of water in the area leading to these beetles evolving larger bodies in order to hold more of it. Water loss is also the reason that the [elytra](/source/Elytron) are fused in *Eleodes*.[9] As expected, species found in forests, such as members of the subgenus *[Blapylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blapylis&action=edit&redlink=1)*, are smaller, closer to the size of most other insects.

*Eleodes* are generally more active at night; some species are strictly [nocturnal](/source/Nocturnality) while others can and will be active during the day. As these beetles are fairly long-lived for insects, they must adapt to the different seasons. During the fall, they are [diurnal](/source/Diurnality) as it is warmest during the day. When winter comes, they take shelter and become inactive so as not to freeze in the cold. When spring arrives, they go back to being active during the day until the summer when they switch to being active at night to survive the deadly high temperatures of the desert.[10] *Eleodes* take shelter almost anywhere that can protect them from the hot and cold. This can be wood or rocks, but is often rodent burrows. Every night when these beetles scavenge for food, they pick a new shelter for the day, which, if not suitable for protection against the elements, will be abandoned in search of a new one.[10] One subgenus, *[Caverneleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caverneleodes&action=edit&redlink=1),* lives only in caves, cave-like environments, or rock crevices. These beetles have reduced eyes and only leave their hideouts to [scavenge](/source/Scavenger) for food.[11]

### Chemical defense

Beetles within *Eleodes* and other genera within [Tenebrionidae](/source/Darkling_beetle) exude a foul-smelling odor and a very distasteful liquid from [glands](/source/Gland) to ward off predators.[6] This liquid is most commonly a [quinone](/source/Quinone).[5] While not being [poisonous](/source/Poison) the liquid does usually deter predators, the success of this defense mechanism has led to the evolution of a [Müllerian mimicry](/source/M%C3%BCllerian_mimicry) complex among *[Eleodes acuticauda](/source/Eleodes_acuticauda)*, *[Eleodes dentipes](/source/Eleodes_dentipes)*, and *[Coelocnemis magna](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Coelocnemis_magna&action=edit&redlink=1)*, the latter of which while not being within *Eleodes* is a still distasteful prey item. All three previously mentioned species look strikingly similar, leading to a strengthened defense against potential predators. Another Müllerian mimicry complex exists between *[Eleodes scabrosa](/source/Eleodes_scabrosa)* and *[Eleodes tuberculata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tuberculata&action=edit&redlink=1).*[12] The "head-standing" behavior exhibited by these beetles is aposematic.[8] By leaving their presence and identity unambiguous to potential predators, more individuals can survive, as predators will avoid beetles with the "head-standing" behavior.

While this defense is generally effective in deterring predators, they are still preyed upon by many species, such as [owls](/source/Burrowing_owl), [foxes](/source/Island_fox), [coyotes](/source/Coyote), [skunks](/source/Skunk), [bats](/source/Bat), [turtles](/source/Turtle), etc.[12]

## Fossil record and evolution

Fossils of *[Eleodes acuticauda](/source/Eleodes_acuticauda)*, *[Eleodes osculans](/source/Eleodes_osculans)*, *[Eleodes carbonaria](/source/Eleodes_carbonaria)*, *[Eleodes granulata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_granulata&action=edit&redlink=1)*, *[Eleodes gracilis](/source/Eleodes_gracilis)*, and others have been found in the [La Brea Tar Pits](/source/La_Brea_Tar_Pits), [Carpinteria Tar Pits](/source/Carpinteria_Tar_Pits), and the [Snowmastodon Site](/source/Snowmastodon_site) which are all dated to the [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) epoch.[13] *Eleodes* split off from the rest of Amphidorini at least 8 to 15 million years ago in the Miocene, although this estimate is likely on the lower side due to low taxon sampling.[14]

## Taxonomy

*Eleodes* is the largest [New World](/source/New_World) genus of [darkling beetles](/source/Darkling_beetle) comprising around 200 species divided up into the following 17 subgenera.[A][2][4][11][15][16][17][18][19]

**Subgenera:**

- Subgenus [Amphidora](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphidora&action=edit&redlink=1) Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes littoralis](/source/Eleodes_littoralis)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes nigropilosa](/source/Eleodes_nigropilosa)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes subdeplanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_subdeplanta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1943

- Subgenus [Ardeleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ardeleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) - *[Eleodes tibialis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tibialis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909

- Subgenus [Blapylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blapylis&action=edit&redlink=1) Horn, 1870 - *[Eleodes alticola](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_alticola&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1925 - *[Eleodes aristata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_aristata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby, 1977 - *[Eleodes bishopensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_bishopensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes blanchardii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_blanchardii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes brunnipes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_brunnipes&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1890 - *[Eleodes caseyi](/source/Eleodes_caseyi)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes clavicornis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_clavicornis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes consobrina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_consobrina&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes constricta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_constricta&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes cooperi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_cooperi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes cordata](/source/Eleodes_cordata)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes fuchsii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_fuchsii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes hoppingii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hoppingii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes hornii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hornii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes hybrida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hybrida&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1917 - *[Eleodes inculta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_inculta&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1861 - *[Eleodes kaweana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_kaweana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1933 - *[Eleodes lariversi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_lariversi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes lecontei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_lecontei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Horn, 1870 - *[Eleodes manni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_manni&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1917 - *[Eleodes nana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_nana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes neotomae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_neotomae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes novoverrucula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_novoverrucula&action=edit&redlink=1)* Boddy, 1957 - *[Eleodes nunenmacheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_nunenmacheri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1918 - *[Eleodes oregona](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_oregona&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1941 - *[Eleodes orophila](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_orophila&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby, 1977 - *[Eleodes panamintensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_panamintensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby, 1977 - *[Eleodes parvicollis](/source/Eleodes_parvicollis)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes patulicollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_patulicollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1932 - *[Eleodes pimelioides](/source/Eleodes_pimelioides)* Mannerheim, 1843 - *[Eleodes planata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_planata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes producta](/source/Eleodes_producta)* Mannerheim, 1843 - *[Eleodes propinqua](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_propinqua&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1918 - *[Eleodes robinetti](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_robinetti&action=edit&redlink=1)* Boddy, 1957 - *[Eleodes rotundipennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rotundipennis&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1857 - *[Eleodes scabripennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_scabripennis&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1859 - *[Eleodes scabriventris](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_scabriventris&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1932 - *[Eleodes scabrosa](/source/Eleodes_scabrosa)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes schlingeri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_schlingeri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes schwarzii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_schwarzii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes snowii](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_snowii&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes spilmani](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_spilmani&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes strumosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_strumosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1932 - *[Eleodes subvestita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_subvestita&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Blaisdell, 1939) - *[Eleodes tenebrosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tenebrosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Horn, 1870 - *[Eleodes triplehorni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_triplehorni&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby and Doyen, 1976 - *[Eleodes trita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_trita&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1917 - *[Eleodes tuberculata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tuberculata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes versatilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_versatilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes volcanensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_volcanensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby, 1977 - *[Eleodes wakelandi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_wakelandi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Somerby, 1977

- Subgenus [Caverneleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caverneleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Triplehorn, 1975 - *[Eleodes easterlai](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_easterlai&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1975 - *[Eleodes gruta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_gruta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012 - *[Eleodes guadalpensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_guadalpensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012 - *[Eleodes labialis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_labialis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1975 - *[Eleodes leptoscelis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_leptoscelis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1975 - *[Eleodes microps](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_microps&action=edit&redlink=1)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012 - *[Eleodes reddelli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_reddelli&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes rugosifrons](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rugosifrons&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn & Reddell, 1991 - *[Eleodes sprousei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sprousei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn & Reddell, 1991 - *[Eleodes thomasi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_thomasi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012 - *[Eleodes wheeleri](/source/Eleodes_wheeleri)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012 - *[Eleodes wynnei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_wynnei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Aalbu, Smith & Triplehorn, 2012

- Subgenus [Chaseleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaseleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Thomas, 2015 - *[Eleodes connata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_connata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes curta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_curta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884

- Subgenus [Cratidus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cratidus&action=edit&redlink=1) LeConte, 1862 - *[Eleodes osculans](/source/Eleodes_osculans)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes ursus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_ursus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1996

- Subgenus [Discogenia](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Discogenia&action=edit&redlink=1) LeConte, 1866 - *[Eleodes acutangula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_acutangula&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes marginata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_marginata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes scabricula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_scabricula&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858

- Subgenus [Eleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_(Eleodes_subgenus)&action=edit&redlink=1) Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes acuta](/source/Eleodes_acuta)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes acuticauda](/source/Eleodes_acuticauda)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes adumbrata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_adumbrata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1925 - *[Eleodes armata](/source/Eleodes_armata)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes curvidens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_curvidens&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn & Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2011 - *[Eleodes dentipes](/source/Eleodes_dentipes)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes discincta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_discincta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1925 - *[Eleodes eschscholtzii](/source/Eleodes_eschscholtzii)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes femorata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_femorata&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes fiski](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_fiski&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2015 - *[Eleodes gracilis](/source/Eleodes_gracilis)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes grandicollis](/source/Eleodes_grandicollis)* Mannerheim, 1843 - *[Eleodes hispilabris](/source/Eleodes_hispilabris)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes loretensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_loretensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1923 - *[Eleodes mexicana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_mexicana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1943 - *[Eleodes mirabilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_mirabilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes moesta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_moesta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes muricatula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_muricatula&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes obscura](/source/Eleodes_obscura)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes rossi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rossi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1943 - *[Eleodes rugosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rugosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Perbosc, 1839 - *[Eleodes samalayucae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_samalayucae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes sanmartinensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sanmartinensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes scyroptera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_scyroptera&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes spinipes](/source/Eleodes_spinipes)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes sponsa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sponsa&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes subcylindrica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_subcylindrica&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1890 - *[Eleodes suturalis](/source/Eleodes_suturalis)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes tenuipes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tenuipes&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1890 - *[Eleodes vanduzeei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_vanduzeei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1923

- Subgenus [Heteropromus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Heteropromus&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes veterator](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_veterator&action=edit&redlink=1)* Horn, 1874

- Subgenus [Litheleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litheleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes arcuata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_arcuata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1884 - *[Eleodes aspera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_aspera&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1866 - *[Eleodes corvina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_corvina&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes extricata](/source/Eleodes_extricata)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes granulata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_granulata&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1857 - *[Eleodes hirtipennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hirtipennis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1964 - *[Eleodes letcheri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_letcheri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes papillosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_papillosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1917 - *[Eleodes subtuberculata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_subtuberculata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Walker, 1866

- Subgenus [Melaneleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melaneleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes tricostata](/source/Eleodes_tricostata)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes neomexicana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_neomexicana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes pedinoides](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_pedinoides&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes wenzeli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_wenzeli&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1925 - *[Eleodes parowana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_parowana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1925 - *[Eleodes halli](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_halli&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1941 - *[Eleodes carbonaria](/source/Eleodes_carbonaria)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes quadricollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_quadricollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes anthracina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_anthracina&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes humeralis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_humeralis&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1857 - *[Eleodes rileyi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rileyi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1891 - *[Eleodes rufipes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rufipes&action=edit&redlink=1)* Pierre, 1976

- Subgenus [Metablapylis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metablapylis&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes aalbui](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_aalbui&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes californica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_californica&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1929 - *[Eleodes delicata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_delicata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1929 - *[Eleodes dissimilis](/source/Eleodes_dissimilis)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes nevadensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_nevadensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes nigrina](/source/Eleodes_nigrina)* LeConte, 1858

- Subgenus [Omegeleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omegeleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Triplehorn & Thomas, 2011 - *[Eleodes debilis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_debilis&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858

- Subgenus [Promus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Promus_(Eleodes_subgenus)&action=edit&redlink=1) LeConte, 1862 - *[Eleodes anachronus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_anachronus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2010 - *[Eleodes bidens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_bidens&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes brucei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_brucei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes calcarata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_calcarata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes composita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_composita&action=edit&redlink=1)* Casey, 1891 - *[Eleodes erratica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_erratica&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes exarata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_exarata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes fusiformis](/source/Eleodes_fusiformis)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes goryi](/source/Eleodes_goryi)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes hoegei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hoegei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes insularis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_insularis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Linell, 1899 - *[Eleodes knullorum](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_knullorum&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 1971 - *[Eleodes longicornis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_longicornis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes madrensis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_madrensis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Johnston, 2015 - *[Eleodes montana](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_montana&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes opaca](/source/Eleodes_opaca)* (Say, 1824) - *[Eleodes spiculifera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_spiculifera&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes spinolae](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_spinolae&action=edit&redlink=1)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes striolata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_striolata&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes subnitens](/source/Eleodes_subnitens)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes watrousi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_watrousi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007

- Subgenus [Pseudeleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pseudeleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes caudifera](/source/Eleodes_caudifera)* LeConte, 1858 - *[Eleodes granosa](/source/Eleodes_granosa)* LeConte, 1866 - *[Eleodes inornata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_inornata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Johnston, 2016 - *[Eleodes leechi](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_leechi&action=edit&redlink=1)* Tanner, 1961 - *[Eleodes longipilosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_longipilosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Horn, 1891 - *[Eleodes pilosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_pilosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Horn, 1870 - *[Eleodes spoliata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_spoliata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1933 - *[Eleodes tribulus](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tribulus&action=edit&redlink=1)* Thomas, 2005

- Subgenus [Steneleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Steneleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes angulata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_angulata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Eschscholtz, 1829) - *[Eleodes angusta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_angusta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes blapoides](/source/Eleodes_blapoides)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes coarctata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_coarctata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1885 - *[Eleodes corrugans](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_corrugans&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes distincta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_distincta&action=edit&redlink=1)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes forreri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_forreri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes gigantea](/source/Eleodes_gigantea)* Mannerheim, 1843 - *[Eleodes glabricollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_glabricollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes gravida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_gravida&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Eschscholtz, 1829) - *[Eleodes hepburni](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hepburni&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes innocens](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_innocens&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1866 - *[Eleodes laevigata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_laevigata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Solier, 1848 - *[Eleodes longicollis](/source/Eleodes_longicollis)* LeConte, 1851 - *[Eleodes mutilata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_mutilata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1921 - *[Eleodes olida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_olida&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892 - *[Eleodes ornatipennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_ornatipennis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1937 - *[Eleodes peropaca](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_peropaca&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892 - *[Eleodes platypennis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_platypennis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Triplehorn, 2007 - *[Eleodes ponderosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_ponderosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes punctigera](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_punctigera&action=edit&redlink=1)* Blaisdell, 1935 - *[Eleodes ruida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_ruida&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Say, 1835) - *[Eleodes sallaei](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sallaei&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1885 - *[Eleodes solieri](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_solieri&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1885 - *[Eleodes stolida](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_stolida&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1885 - *[Eleodes sulcatula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sulcatula&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes tenebricosa](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tenebricosa&action=edit&redlink=1)* Gemminger, 1870 - *[Eleodes tessellata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_tessellata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892

- Subgenus [Tricheleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tricheleodes&action=edit&redlink=1) Blaisdell, 1909 - *[Eleodes hirsuta](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_hirsuta&action=edit&redlink=1)* LeConte, 1861

***[Incertae sedis](/source/Incertae_sedis)*:**

- - *[Eleodes aequalis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_aequalis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Say, 1835) - *[Eleodes amaura](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_amaura&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892 - *[Eleodes barbata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_barbata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Wickham, 1918 - *[Eleodes brevicollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_brevicollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Gemminger, 1870 - *[Eleodes cylindrica](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_cylindrica&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Herbst, 1799) - *[Eleodes dilaticollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_dilaticollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes ebenina](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_ebenina&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Solier, 1848) - *[Eleodes elongatula](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_elongatula&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes impolita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_impolita&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Say, 1835) - *[Eleodes maura](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_maura&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Say, 1835) - *[Eleodes melanaria](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_melanaria&action=edit&redlink=1)* Eschscholtz, 1829 - *[Eleodes obliterata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_obliterata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Say, 1835) - *[Eleodes polita](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_polita&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892 - *[Eleodes rotundicollis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_rotundicollis&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Eschscholtz, 1829) - *[Eleodes scapularis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_scapularis&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1884 - *[Eleodes segregata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_segregata&action=edit&redlink=1)* Champion, 1892 - *[Eleodes striata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_striata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Guérin-Méneville, 1834) - *[Eleodes sulcata](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eleodes_sulcata&action=edit&redlink=1)* (Eschscholtz, 1829)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-A_15-0)** The subgenera and species within *Eleodes* are extremely likely to change in the coming years. This list is accurate as to what is defined in Bousquet *et al.* (2018).

## See also

- [List of *Eleodes* species](/source/List_of_Eleodes_species)

- [El Pinacate y Gran Desierto de Altar Biosphere Reserve](/source/El_Pinacate_y_Gran_Desierto_de_Altar_Biosphere_Reserve)

- [Darkling beetle](/source/Darkling_beetle)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Bousquet_et_al._2018_1-0)** Bousquet, Yves; Thomas, Donald B.; Bouchard, Patrice; Smith, Aaron D.; Aalbu, Rolf L.; Johnston, M. Andrew & Steiner, Warren E. Jr. (2018). ["Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799738). *ZooKeys* (728): 1–455. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018ZooK..728....1B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ZooK..728....1B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3897/zookeys.728.20602](https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.728.20602). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5799738](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799738). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29416389](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29416389).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) ["Genus Eleodes - Desert Stink Beetles"](https://bugguide.net/node/view/218). *bugguide.net*. Retrieved 2023-07-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Clarke, Chris (September 13, 2013). ["The Pinacate Beetle is Not Afraid of You"](https://www.kcet.org/redefine/the-pinacate-beetle-is-not-afraid-of-you). *KCET*. Retrieved April 13, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_4-1) Triplehorn, Charles A.; Thomas, Donald B.; Smith, Aaron D. (2015). ["A Revision of Eleodes Subgenus Eleodes Eschscholtz (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)"](https://bioone.org/journals/transactions-of-the-american-entomological-society/volume-141/issue-1/061.141.0111/A-Revision-of-Eleodes-Subgenus-Eleodes-Eschscholtz-Coleoptera-Tenebrionidae/10.3157/061.141.0111.short). *Transactions of the American Entomological Society*. **141**: 156–196. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3157/061.141.0111](https://doi.org/10.3157%2F061.141.0111). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [86220224](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:86220224).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_5-1) Happ, George M. (1968-12-01). ["Quinone and hydrocarbon production in the defensive glands of Eleodes longicollis and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)"](https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910%2868%2990214-X). *Journal of Insect Physiology*. **14** (12): 1821–1837. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1968JInsP..14.1821H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1968JInsP..14.1821H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/0022-1910(68)90214-X](https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0022-1910%2868%2990214-X). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0022-1910](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1910).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_6-2) ["Darkling beetle | insect | Britannica"](https://www.britannica.com/animal/darkling-beetle). *www.britannica.com*. Retrieved 2023-07-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Discovering a New Species in Nevada | Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center"](https://biokic.asu.edu/blog/discovering-new-species). *biokic.asu.edu*. Retrieved 2023-07-05.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:6_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:6_8-1) ["THE LIFE HISTORY AND ECOLOGY OF THE PINACATE BEETLE, ELEODES ARMATUS LECONTE (TENEBRIONIDAE)"](https://cals.arizona.edu/yavapai/anr/hort/byg/archive/TheLifeHistoryandEcologyofthePinacateBeetle.pdf) (PDF).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Schilman, Pablo E.; Kaiser, Alexander; Lighton, John R. B. (2008-01-01). ["Breathe softly, beetle: Continuous gas exchange, water loss and the role of the subelytral space in the tenebrionid beetle, Eleodes obscura"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022191007002016). *Journal of Insect Physiology*. **54** (1): 192–203. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008JInsP..54..192S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JInsP..54..192S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.jinsphys.2007.09.001](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jinsphys.2007.09.001). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0022-1910](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1910). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [17936295](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17936295).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:7_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:7_10-1) Kramm, Russel A.; Kramm, Kenneth R. (1972). ["Activities of Certain Species of Eleodes in Relation to Season, Temperature, and Time of Day at Joshua Tree National Monument (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3670068). *The Southwestern Naturalist*. **16** (3/4): 341–355. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3670068](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3670068). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0038-4909](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-4909). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3670068](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3670068).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:5_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:5_11-1) Aalbu, Rolf L. (2012). ["A Revision of the Eleodes (Subgenus Caverneleodes) with New Species and Notes on Cave Breeding Eleodes (Tenebrionidae: Amphidorini)"](https://bioone.org/journals/annales-zoologici/volume-62/issue-2/000345412X652729/A-Revision-of-the-Eleodes-Subgenus-Caverneleodes-with-New-Species/10.3161/000345412X652729.short). *Annales Zoologici*. **62** (2): 199. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3161/000345412X652729](https://doi.org/10.3161%2F000345412X652729). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [59126250](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:59126250).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:4_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:4_12-1) Slobodchikoff, C. N. (1978). ["Habitat Use by Mimetic Coastal Tenebrionid Beetles"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2424932). *The American Midland Naturalist*. **99** (1): 45–57. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/2424932](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2424932). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0003-0031](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0031). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [2424932](https://www.jstor.org/stable/2424932).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Eleodes"](https://www.mindat.org/taxon-4724278.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Diversity and Distribution of the Desert Stink Beetles: Systematics of the Amphidorini LeConte, 1862 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)"](https://keep.lib.asu.edu/system/files/c7/205855/Johnston_asu_0010E_18396.pdf) (PDF).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Blaisdell, Frank E. (1909). [*A monographic revision of the Coleoptera belonging to the Tenebrionide tribe Eleodiini inhabiting the United States, lower California, and adjacent islands*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/103095). Washington: Govt. print. off.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Studies in the Genus Eleodes Eschscholtz with a Revision of the Subgenus Melaneleodes Blaisdell and Omegeleodes, New Subgenus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Eleodini)"](https://bioone.org/journals/transactions-of-the-american-entomological-society/volume-137/issue-3%20&%204/061.137.0309/Studies-in-the-Genus-Eleodes-Eschscholtz-with-a-Revision-of/10.3157/061.137.0309.short). *Transactions of the American Entomological Society*. 2011. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3157/061.137.0309](https://doi.org/10.3157%2F061.137.0309). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [83697264](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83697264).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Johnston, M. Andrew (2016). ["Redefinition of the Eleodes Eschscholtz Subgenera Tricheleodes Blaisdell and Pseudeleodes Blaisdell, with the Description of a New Species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)"](https://bioone.org/journals/annales-zoologici/volume-66/issue-4/00034541ANZ2016.66.4.018/Redefinition-of-the-Eleodes-Eschscholtz-Subgenera-Tricheleodes-Blaisdell-and-Pseudeleodes/10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.4.018.short). *Annales Zoologici*. **66** (4): 665–679. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3161/00034541ANZ2016.66.4.018](https://doi.org/10.3161%2F00034541ANZ2016.66.4.018). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [90125600](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90125600).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["A Revision of Eleodes Subgenus Litheleodes Blaisdell (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on JSTOR"](https://www.jstor.org/stable/a9c53e62-da8a-324e-9f27-9e121a7513b0). *www.jstor.org*. Retrieved 2023-08-03.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Bousquet, Y.; Thomas, D. B.; Bouchard, P.; Smith, A. D.; Aalbu, R. L.; Johnston, M. A.; Jr., W. E. (2018). ["Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799738). *ZooKeys* (728): 1–455. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018ZooK..728....1B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ZooK..728....1B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3897/zookeys.728.20602](https://doi.org/10.3897%2Fzookeys.728.20602). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5799738](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5799738). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29416389](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29416389).

## External links

- [Desert USA – Stinkbugs](http://www.desertusa.com/mag01/may/papr/sbug.html)

Taxon identifiers Eleodes Wikidata: Q6938538 Wikispecies: Eleodes BioLib: 924108 BOLD: 382215 BugGuide: 218 EPPO: 1ELEOG GBIF: 4724278 iNaturalist: 53817 IRMNG: 1317264 NatureServe: 2.115196 NCBI: 186070 Open Tree of Life: 6436 Paleobiology Database: 305082 Plazi: 766C58B0-7804-214F-DC44-900FB9E4F846

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eleodes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleodes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleodes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.