# Elaeophora

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Elaeophora
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Elaeophora.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeophora
> Source revision: 1253400350
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Genus of roundworms}}
:''Elaeophora is also a synonym for the plant genus [Plukenetia](/source/Plukenetia).''
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = 
| image_alt = 
| image_caption = 
| taxon = Elaeophora
| authority = [Railliet](/source/Louis-Joseph_Alcide_Railliet) & Henry 1912
| synonyms = 
| synonyms_ref = 
| type_species = ''Elaeophora poeli''
| type_species_authority = (Vryburg 1879) [Railliet](/source/Louis-Joseph_Alcide_Railliet) and Henry 1912
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
*''[Elaeophora abramovi](/source/Elaeophora_abramovi)''
*''[Elaeophora bohmi](/source/Elaeophora_bohmi)''
*''[Elaeophora elaphi](/source/Elaeophora_elaphi)''
*''[Elaeophora linglingense](/source/Elaeophora_linglingense)''
*''[Elaeophora poeli](/source/Elaeophora_poeli)''
*''[Elaeophora sagitta](/source/Elaeophora_sagitta)''
*''[Elaeophora schneideri](/source/Elaeophora_schneideri)''
}}

'''''Elaeophora''''' is a genus of [parasitic](/source/parasitism) [nematode](/source/nematode)s which live attached to the interior surfaces of major arteries, veins and/or heart chambers in various large mammal hosts.  Infestation with ''Elaeophora'' species is referred to as '''elaeophorosis'''.  The species of ''Elaeophora'' have been found in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America.  Despite the fact that they produce [aneurysm](/source/aneurysm)s in the arteries and heart of their hosts which measure up to 2&nbsp;cm in diameter, overt clinical symptoms of infestation are seldom reported, with the notable exception of ''E. schneideri'' infestation in [sheep](/source/sheep), [elk](/source/elk), and [moose](/source/moose).<ref>Pence, D.B. (1991) Elaeophorosis in wild ruminants.  ''Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology''  16(1):149-160.</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
The [type species](/source/type_species) ''Elaeophora poeli'' was first described as ''Filaria poeli'' in 1879.  In 1912, the genus ''Elaeophora'' was created to distinguish this species from the other species of the genus ''[Filaria](/source/Filaria)''.<ref>Railliet, A. and A. Henry (1912) Nématodes vasculicoles des Bovins annamites."  ''Bulletin de la Société de Pathologie Exotique''  5(2):115-118.</ref>  ''Elaeophora'' was made the senior [synonym](/source/synonym_(taxonomy)) of the [genera](/source/genus) ''Alcefilaria'' and ''Cordophilus'' in 1976.<ref>Anderson, R.C. and O. Bain (1976) "CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates." Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux: Farnham, England, Vol. 3, pp. 59-116.</ref>

== Species ==
*''[Elaeophora abramovi](/source/Elaeophora_abramovi)'' <small>(Oshmarin & Belous, 1951) Anderson & Bain, 1976</small> found in [Moose](/source/Moose) (''Alces alces'') in Russia
* ''[Elaeophora bohmi](/source/Elaeophora_bohmi)'' <small>Supperer, 1953</small> found in [horse](/source/horse)s in Austria and Iran;
* ''[Elaeophora elaphi](/source/Elaeophora_elaphi)'' <small>Hernandez-Rodriguez, Martinez-Gomez & Gutierrez-Palomino, 1986</small> found in [Red Deer](/source/Red_Deer) (''Cervus elaphus'') in Spain;<ref name="Hernandez RodriguezMartinez Gomez2016">{{cite journal|last1=Hernandez Rodriguez|first1=S.|last2=Martinez Gomez|first2=F.|last3=Gutierrez Palomino|first3=P.|title=''Elaeophora elaphi'' n. sp. (Filarioidea : Onchocercidae) parasite of the red deer(''Cervus elaphus'').With a key of species of the genus ''Elaeophora''|journal=Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée|volume=61|issue=4|year=1986|pages=457–463|issn=0003-4150|doi=10.1051/parasite/1986614457|pmid=3813427|url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/abs/1986/04/parasite1986614p457/parasite1986614p457.html|doi-access=free}} {{open access}}</ref>
* ''[Elaeophora linglingense](/source/Elaeophora_linglingense)'' <small>Cheng, 1982</small> originally isolated from the aortic wall of cattle in Hunan Province, China.<ref>Cheng, Y.D. (1982) "A survey of parasitic nematodes in domestic animals and poultry from Lingling area, Hunan Province, with description of two new species."  ''Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica''  7(1):20-26. (not seen)</ref>  No other studies of this species have been published.
* ''[Elaeophora poeli](/source/Elaeophora_poeli)'' <small>(Vryburg 1879) Railliet and Henry 1912</small> found in various [cattle](/source/cattle) in Asia and Africa;
* ''[Elaeophora sagitta](/source/Elaeophora_sagitta)'' <small>(Linstow, 1907) Anderson & Bain, 1976</small> found in various [antelope](/source/antelope) (''Tragelaphus'' sp.), [eland](/source/Taurotragus), and [African Forest Buffalo](/source/African_Forest_Buffalo) in Africa;
* ''[Elaeophora schneideri](/source/Elaeophora_schneideri)'' <small>Wehr & Dikmans, 1935</small> found in various [deer](/source/deer), [sheep](/source/sheep), [elk](/source/elk), and [moose](/source/moose) in North America.

== General life cycle ==
Detailed life cycle studies have been reported for only one species of ''Elaeophora'' so far - ''E. schneideri''.  Microfilariae (not eggs) are shed by the adult female from her attachment site inside the [lumen](/source/Lumen_(anatomy)) of the [carotid artery](/source/carotid_artery) of the [definitive host](/source/parasitic_life_cycles).  The microfilariae are carried through the blood stream and become lodged in the small [capillaries](/source/capillary) of the skin in the head and facial areas.  Blood-feeding [horse flies](/source/horse-fly) ingest the microfilariae, which develop into infective larvae in the fly.  The infective larvae enter a new definitive (mammal) host through the bite wound when the fly feeds again. The infective larvae migrate to secondary [arterial](/source/artery) sites, where they mature before migrating to the [carotid artery](/source/carotid_artery).  In the carotid artery, they mature into adults and reproduce sexually to produce microfilariae. It is assumed that the life cycles of other species of ''Elaeophora'' follow this general pattern.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5353120}}

Category:Spirurida
Category:Parasitic nematodes of mammals
Category:Rhabditida genera

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Elaeophora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeophora) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaeophora?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.