# El Sira Communal Reserve

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Protected area in Peru

El Sira Communal Reserve Reserva Comunal El Sira IUCN category VI (protected area with sustainable use of natural resources) Panoramic view of the Reserva Comunal El Sira Location Peru Regions of Huanuco, Pasco and Ucayali Coordinates 9°52′26″S 74°30′43″W / 9.87384°S 74.512024°W / -9.87384; -74.512024 Area 616,413 ha (2,379.98 sq mi) Established June 22, 2001 Governing body SERNANP Website Reserva Comunal El Sira (in Spanish)

**El Sira Communal Reserve** ([Spanish](/source/Spanish_language): *Reserva Comunal El Sira*) is a [protected area](/source/Protected_area) in [Peru](/source/Peru) created to preserve the biodiversity of the Sira Mountains and the ancestral sustainable use of the area's resources by the nearby native peoples.[1] It also protects the headwaters of the [Pachitea river](/source/Pachitea_River) basin.[1] The reserve covers an area of 616,413 hectares (6,164.13 km2) within the regions of [Huánuco](/source/Department_of_Hu%C3%A1nuco), [Pasco](/source/Department_of_Pasco) and [Ucayali](/source/Department_of_Ucayali).[1] The reserve was created in 2001 and in 2010, [UNESCO](/source/UNESCO) recognized it as part of the [Oxapampa](/source/Oxapampa_Province)-[Asháninka](/source/Ash%C3%A1ninka_Communal_Reserve)-[Yánesha](/source/Yanesha_Communal_Reservation) Biosphere Reserve.[1]

## Geography

It is located and located in three regions: the [Huánuco Region](/source/Hu%C3%A1nuco_Region) ([Puerto Inca Province](/source/Puerto_Inca_Province)), the [Pasco Region](/source/Pasco_Region) ([Oxapampa Province](/source/Oxapampa_Province)) and the [Ucayali Region](/source/Ucayali_Region) ([Atalaya Province](/source/Atalaya_Province) and [Coronel Portillo Province](/source/Coronel_Portillo_Province)). El Sira Communal Reserve is located in the east-central area of Peru, part of the Eastern Cordillera of the Andes, within the sub-Andean belt; between latitudes 09º 03' and 10º 22' and longitudes 74º 05' and 74º 48'. The SCR presents an altitudinal gradient from 130 to 2250 meters above sea level and is influenced by the basins of the [Ucayali](/source/Ucayali_River), [Pachitea](/source/Pachitea_River) and [Pichis](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pichis_river&action=edit&redlink=1) rivers.[2]

## Climate

The average annual temperature is 25.5 °C. Average monthly temperatures fluctuate between 24.6 °C and 25.8 °C. The lowest temperatures occur in the third quarter of the year and the highest in the last quarter. Extreme temperatures fluctuate between 15 °C (the lowest) and 33 °C (the highest), with 15 °C being the average oscillation between extreme maximum and minimum temperatures.

The lower parts at less than 1000 [masl](/source/Metres_above_sea_level) are warm and rainy. The highlands that exceed 1000 masl present a climate that varies from semi-dry to very humid. The last and first trimester of each year have the highest rainfall. The dry season corresponds to the second and third trimesters, reaching 107 mm of precipitation in August. On the western flank of the mountain range there are phenomena that favor greater condensation of cloud bodies, unlike the east side (Ucayali basin). The values recorded for [Puerto Bermúdez](/source/Puerto_Berm%C3%BAdez_District) indicate an annual total of 3312.9 mm, unlike the values recorded for [Pucallpa](/source/Pucallpa) and [Atalaya](/source/Atalaya_Province), which do not exceed records of 2500 mm per year. In the south of the reserve the landscape known as [Gran Pajonal](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Pajonal) is less hot and humid, with average temperature values of 18.5 °C.[2]

## Hydrography and hydrology

The Reserve is located mainly in the upper or middle sectors of the tributaries of the Ucayali river basins (on the left bank), Pachitea and Pichis (on the right bank). The southern part of the reserve is located between the upper sectors of the tributaries of the Pichis, Ucayali and [Unini](/source/Unini_River) rivers. The eastern sector of the buffer zone is made up of the Ucayali River; while the western sector is in the basin of the Pachitea and Pichis rivers.

The Ucayali River, originating in the Peruvian Andes, borders the eastern part of the El Sira mountain range, with a south - north route. It is characterized by being meandering with few [lentic](/source/Lake_ecosystem) environments in the area adjacent to the aforementioned Cordillera. Its water course has a great lateral migratory activity, which causes the formation of lentic environments - locally known as "tipishcas". These environments are the product of a meander that has been abandoned by the course of the river. The flow of the Ucayali river at the height of Pucallpa is 11,599 m3/s, and at the height of Atalaya 6613 m3/s.

The Pachitea River is a tributary of the Ucayali River, flowing into the left bank downstream of the village of Santa Rosa. Its waters come from the Peruvian Andes. It is formed from the union of the Pichis and [Palcazu](/source/Palcazu_River) rivers. In its south - north route it borders the western part of the northern sector of the El Sira mountain range. It is also a meandering river with scarce lentic environments in the area adjacent to the aforementioned Cordillera. According to ONERN in 1980, the flow of the Pachitea River at its confluence with the Ucayali River is 2412 m3/s.

The Pichis River, born in the Peruvian Andes, borders the western part of the center - south sector of the Cordillera El Sira with a south-north route. It is a winding river with scarce lentic environments in the area adjacent to the aforementioned Cordillera. When uniting with the Palcazu it gives origin to the Pachitea river. The navigability of these rivers is an important factor that makes them the primary communication channel for the area. One of the main means of fluvial communication for the reserve is the Ucayali River. This river is navigable from the main port of [Pucallpa](/source/Pucallpa) to the confluence of the [Tambo](/source/Tambo_River_(Peru)) and [Urubamba](/source/Urubamba_River) rivers, where the provincial capital of Atalaya is located. The Pichis and Pachitea rivers allow the navigation of boats with outboard motors from their confluence to Puerto Bermúdez. In general, navigability improves in rainy seasons.[2]

## Flora

The type of vegetation in the reserve is tropical forest and highland rainforest.[1][3] More than 500 species of trees can be found in the reserve including: *[Sapium glandulosum](/source/Sapium_glandulosum), [Bunchosia armeniaca](/source/Bunchosia_armeniaca),* *[Iriartea deltoidea](/source/Iriartea), [Weinmannia](/source/Weinmannia)* spp., *[Manilkara bidentata](/source/Manilkara_bidentata)*, *[Pourouma cecropiifolia](/source/Pourouma_cecropiifolia),* *[Ilex](/source/Holly)* spp., *[Theobroma cacao](/source/Theobroma_cacao)*, *[Nectandra](/source/Nectandra)* spp., *[Ceiba pentandra](/source/Ceiba_pentandra), [Pouteria caimito](/source/Pouteria_caimito), [Brosimum alicastrum](/source/Brosimum_alicastrum), [Inga](/source/Inga)* spp. etc.[4]

## Fauna

Mammals found in the area include: the [brown woolly monkey](/source/Brown_woolly_monkey), the [brown-mantled tamarin](/source/Brown-mantled_tamarin), the [southern two-toed sloth](/source/Linnaeus's_two-toed_sloth), the [nine-banded armadillo](/source/Nine-banded_armadillo), the [Brazilian cottontail](/source/Tapeti), the [Bolivian squirrel](/source/Bolivian_squirrel), the [pacarana](/source/Pacarana), the [paca](/source/Lowland_paca), the [spectacled bear](/source/Spectacled_bear), the [puma](/source/Cougar), the [jaguar](/source/Jaguar), the [South American tapir](/source/South_American_tapir), the [collared peccary](/source/Collared_peccary), the [red brocket](/source/Red_brocket), the [giant otter](/source/Giant_otter), the [capybara](/source/Capybara), etc.[3]

Birds protected in the reserve include: the [red-and-green macaw](/source/Red-and-green_macaw), the [fiery-throated fruiteater](/source/Fiery-throated_fruiteater), the [Sira tanager](/source/Sira_tanager), the [Sira curassow](/source/Sira_curassow), the [Andean cock-of-the-rock](/source/Andean_cock-of-the-rock), the [Peruvian tyrannulet](/source/Peruvian_tyrannulet), the [violet-fronted brilliant](/source/Violet-fronted_brilliant), the [sickle-winged guan](/source/Sickle-winged_guan), [black-streaked puffbird](/source/Black-streaked_puffbird), the [scarlet-breasted fruiteater](/source/Scarlet-breasted_fruiteater), the [southern mealy amazon](/source/Southern_mealy_amazon), [Koepcke's hermit](/source/Koepcke's_hermit), etc.[3][5]

In addition, some 105 species of reptiles have been reported, of the families of the [Amphisbaenidae](/source/Amphisbaenidae), [saurians](/source/Sauria) and especially snakes. Also 68 species of amphibians, mostly toads and frogs of the families [Hylidae](/source/Hylidae) and [Leptodactylidae](/source/Leptodactylidae), are known from the reserve. Finally, 111 species of bony fish have been reported, the most diverse being [Characiformes](/source/Characiformes).[6]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:2_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:2_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:2_1-4) ["El Sira - Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210424171941/https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/el-sira). *www.sernanp.gob.pe* (in Spanish). Archived from [the original](https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/el-sira) on 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2020-07-25.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) *Plan Maestro de la Reserva Comunal El Sira*. 27 February 2009.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:3_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:3_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:3_3-2) ["El Sira Communal Reserve - Park Profile - Biodiversity"](http://parkswatch.org/parkprofile.php?l=eng&country=per&park=escr&page=bio&p=per). *parkswatch.org*. Retrieved 2020-11-04.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Monteagudo, Abel; et al. (2014). "Primer catálogo de los árboles y afines de la Reserva Comunal El Sira, Perú". *Arnaldoa* (in Spanish). **21** (1): 127–164.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Mee, A; et al. (2002). "The Cerros del Sira revisited: birds of submontane and montane forest". *Cotinga*. **18**. Neotropical Bird Club: 46–57.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-:1_6-0)** Espinosa, Ricardo (2010). *Áreas naturales protegidas, Perú : guía oficial* (1st ed.). Lima: SERNANP, PROFONANPE. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9786124567513](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786124567513). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [781943174](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/781943174).

## External links

v t e Protected areas of Peru National Parks Alto Purús Bahuaja-Sonene Cerros de Amotape Cordillera Azul Cutervo Güeppi-Sekime Huascarán Ichigkat Muja – Cordillera del Condor Manu Otishi Rio Abiseo Sierra del Divisor Tingo María Yaguas Yanachaga-Chemillén National Sanctuaries Ampay Calipuy Cordillera de Colán Huayllay Lagunas de Mejía Manglares de Tumbes Megantoni Pampa Hermosa Tabaconas Namballe Historic Sanctuaries Chacamarca Machu Picchu Pampa de Ayacucho Bosque de Pómac National Reserves Allpahuayo-Mishana Calipuy Dorsal de Nasca Guano Islands, Islets, and Capes Illescas Junín Lachay Mar Tropical de Grau Matsés Pacaya-Samiria Pampa Galeras – Barbara D'Achille Paracas Pucacuro Salinas y Aguada Blanca San Fernando Tambopata Titicaca Tumbes Wildlife Refuges Laquipampa Pantanos de Villa Bosques Nublados de Udima Landscape Reserves Cotahuasi Nor Yauyos-Cochas Communal Reserves Airo Pai Amarakaeri Asháninka Bajo Putumayo Yaguas Chayu Nain El Sira Huimeki Machiguenga Purús Tuntanain Yanesha National Forests Alexander von Humboldt Mariscal Cáceres Pastaza–Morona–Marañon Protection Forests Aledaño Bocatoma del Canal Nuevo Imperial Alto Mayo Pagaibamba Pui Pui Puquio Santa Rosa San Matías–San Carlos Game Reserves El Angolo Sunchubamba Reserved Zones Ancón Bosque de Zárate Chancaybaños Huayhuash Khapia Nieva River Santiago-Comaina Sierra del Divisor Regional Conservation Areas Choquequirao Huacachina Tamshiyacu Tahuayo Puya Raymondi - Titankayocc Huaytapallana Private Conservation Areas Qosqoccahuarina

[9°52′26″S 74°30′43″W / 9.873840°S 74.512024°W / -9.873840; -74.512024](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=El_Sira_Communal_Reserve&params=9.87384_S_74.512024_W_region:PE_scale:1000000_type:landmark)

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