# Eileen Furlong

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Irish molecular biologist

Eileen Furlong FRS MAE MRIA Born Eileen E.M. Furlong Alma mater University College Dublin (BSc, PhD) Awards Member of the Academia Europaea (2016) EMBO Membership (2013) Scientific career Fields Enhancers Chromatin topology Embryonic development Single cell genomics Transcription factors[1] Institutions European Molecular Biology Laboratory Stanford University Thesis Tissue-specific regulation of gene expression by the transcription factors Ying-Yang 1 and nuclear factor 1 (1996) Doctoral advisor Finian Martin[2] Website furlonglab.embl.de

**Eileen E. M. Furlong** [FRS](/source/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society) [MAE](/source/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea) is an Irish molecular biologist working in the fields of [transcription](/source/Transcription_(biology)), [chromatin biology](/source/Chromatin), [developmental biology](/source/Developmental_biology) and [genomics](/source/Genomics).[3] She is known for her work in understanding how the [genome](/source/Genome) is regulated, in particular to how developmental [enhancers](/source/Enhancers) function, how they interact within [three dimensional chromatin topologies](/source/Topologically_associating_domain) and how they drive [cell fate decisions](/source/Cell_fate_determination) during [embryogenesis](/source/Embryogenesis).[1][4][5] She is Head of the Department of Genome Biology at the [European Molecular Biology Laboratory](/source/European_Molecular_Biology_Laboratory) (EMBL). Furlong was elected a member of the [European Molecular Biology Organization](/source/European_Molecular_Biology_Organization) (EMBO) in 2013,[6] the [Academia Europaea](/source/Academia_Europaea) in 2016[7] and to EMBO’s research council in 2018.[8]

## Education

Eileen Furlong obtained a [Bachelor of Science](/source/Bachelor_of_Science) degree at [University College Dublin](/source/University_College_Dublin), and a [PhD](/source/PhD) at the Conway institute at UCD, studying transcriptional regulation of immediate early response genes in the lab of Finian Martin.[2]

## Career and research

After her PhD, Furlong was a [postdoctoral researcher](/source/Postdoctoral_researcher) at [Stanford University](/source/Stanford_University), in [Matthew P. Scott](/source/Matthew_P._Scott)'s lab,[9] developing genomics tools to functionally dissect developmental programmes during embryogenesis. Furlong started her independent lab at EMBL in 2002,[10] and was appointed head of department [11] in 2009. Her research integrates [genomics](/source/Genomics), [genetics](/source/Genetics) and [computational biology](/source/Computational_biology) approaches to functionally dissect the role of non-coding [cis-regulatory elements](/source/Cis-regulatory_elements) in the [regulation of gene expression](/source/Regulation_of_gene_expression).[12][13] In particular, using [mesoderm](/source/Mesoderm) specification into different muscle primordia as a model system. Her group’s research has uncovered a number of properties of [enhancers](/source/Enhancer_(genetics))[14][15][16][17] and enhancer-[promoter](/source/Promoter_(genetics)) communication, including pre-formed enhancer-promoter ‘[loops](/source/Nuclear_organization#DNA_looping)’[18][19] and the ability of many enhancer’s to function even when larger [chromatin topologies](/source/Topologically_associating_domain) are perturbed,[20][21][22] in addition to mechanisms that allow enhancers to withstand the effects of [genetic variation](/source/Genetic_variation), including collective [transcription factor](/source/Transcription_factor) recruitment,[23][24] genetic [epistasis](/source/Epistasis) within enhancers[25] and promoters,[26] and extensive redundancy,[27] which together contribute to [canalization](/source/Canalisation_(genetics)) in developmental patterning.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

Furlong’s work was credited in the development and application of genomic approaches to understand embryonic development,[28][29] including the development of *[Drosophila](/source/Drosophila)* [microarrays](/source/Microarrays),[30][31] an automatic [transgenic](/source/Transgenic) embryo sorter,[32][33] [Chromatin immunoprecipitation](/source/Chromatin_immunoprecipitation) (ChIP) in embryos,[34][35][36] tissue specific[37][38][39] and single cell approaches[40] - which combined with genetic manipulations provided insight into developmental programmes during embryogenesis at a genome-wide scale.[41][42]

Furlong serves on the [editorial boards](/source/Editorial_board) of the scientific journals *[Developmental Cell](/source/Developmental_Cell)*,[43] *[Development](/source/Development_(journal))*,[44] *[Molecular Systems Biology](/source/Molecular_Systems_Biology)*,[45] *[Current Opinion in Genetics Development](/source/Current_Opinion_(Elsevier))*,[46] *[Current Opinion in Cell Biology](/source/Current_Opinion_(Elsevier))*,[47][48] a [European Research Council](/source/European_Research_Council) (ERC) panel member[49][50] and an organiser of the international Conferences *From Functional Genomics to Systems Biology*,[51] *EMBL Transcription and Chromatin*[52] meeting, and a [keynote speaker](/source/Keynote_speaker) at national and international conferences including [Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology](/source/Intelligent_Systems_for_Molecular_Biology) (ISMB).[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][*[excessive citations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations)*]

### Awards and honors

Furlong was elected a member of the [European Molecular Biology Organization](/source/European_Molecular_Biology_Organization) (EMBO) in 2013,[6] and a [Member of the Academia Europaea](/source/Member_of_the_Academia_Europaea) (MAE) in 2016.[7] Furlong was awarded ERC advanced investigator funding CisRegVar 2013-2018[60] and DeCRypT 2019-2023.[61] She was elected a [Fellow of the Royal Society](/source/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society) in May 2022.[62] In 2026, she was made a member of the [Royal Irish Academy](/source/Royal_Irish_Academy).[63]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-gs_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-gs_1-1) [Eileen Furlong](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=fEyV9o0AAAAJ) publications indexed by [Google Scholar](/source/Google_Scholar)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-phd_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-phd_2-1) Furlong, Eileen E. M. (1996). *Tissue-specific regulation of gene expression by the transcription factors Ying-Yang 1 and nuclear factor 1* (PhD thesis). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [605563938](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/605563938). [ProQuest](/source/ProQuest) [301522152](https://www.proquest.com/docview/301522152).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-epmc_3-0)** [Eileen Furlong](https://europepmc.org/authors/0000-0002-9544-8339) publications from [Europe PubMed Central](/source/Europe_PubMed_Central)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Deciphering the regulatory code"](https://www.embl.org/news/science/deciphering-the-regulatory-code/). *EMBL*. 4 November 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Niemitz, Emily (2014). ["Synthetic modeling of developmental enhancers"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.2888). *Nature Genetics*. **46** (2): 99. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ng.2888](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.2888). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1546-1718](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1546-1718). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [38520086](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38520086).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-membo_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-membo_6-1) ["Find people in the EMBO Communities"](https://people.embo.org/profile/eileen-furlong). *people.embo.org*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-mae_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-mae_7-1) ["Academy of Europe: Furlong Eileen"](https://www.ae-info.org/ae/Member/Furlong_Eileen). *ae-info.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Council"](https://www.embo.org/about-embo/council.html). *EMBO*. 22 March 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-scott_9-0)** Furlong, Eileen E.M.; Profitt, David; Scott, Matthew P. (2001). "Automated sorting of live transgenic embryos". *Nature Biotechnology*. **19** (2): 153–156. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/84422](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F84422). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1087-0156](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1087-0156). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11175730](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11175730). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [14228050](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14228050).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Furlong Group - Genome regulation and topology during embryonic development - EMBL"](https://www.embl.de/research/units/genome_biology/furlong/index.html). *embl.de*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Genome Biology"](https://www.embl.de/research/units/genome_biology/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Furlong, EEM; Levine, M (28 September 2018). ["Developmental enhancers and chromosome topology"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986801). *Science*. **361** (6409): 1341–1345. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018Sci...361.1341F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...361.1341F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.aau0320](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aau0320). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [6986801](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6986801). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [30262496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30262496).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Spitz, F; Furlong, EE (September 2012). "Transcription factors: from enhancer binding to developmental control". *Nature Reviews. Genetics*. **13** (9): 613–26. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nrg3207](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg3207). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22868264](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22868264). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [205485256](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205485256).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Zinzen, RP; Girardot, C; Gagneur, J; Braun, M; Furlong, EE (5 November 2009). "Combinatorial binding predicts spatio-temporal cis-regulatory activity". *Nature*. **462** (7269): 65–70. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009Natur.462...65Z](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.462...65Z). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nature08531](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08531). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [19890324](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19890324). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4320071](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4320071).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** He, Xin; Sinha, Saurabh (February 2010). "ChIPs and regulatory bits". *Nature Biotechnology*. **28** (2): 142–143. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nbt0210-142](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnbt0210-142). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1546-1696](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1546-1696). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20139950](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20139950). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [30471127](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30471127).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Stark, Alexander (1 January 2009). ["Learning the transcriptional regulatory code"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795480). *Molecular Systems Biology*. **5** (1) 329. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/msb.2009.88](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fmsb.2009.88). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1744-4292](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1744-4292). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2795480](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795480). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [19920814](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19920814).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Rister, Jens; Desplan, Claude (2010). ["Deciphering the genome's regulatory code: The many languages of DNA"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024831). *BioEssays*. **32** (5): 381–384. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/bies.200900197](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fbies.200900197). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1521-1878](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1521-1878). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3024831](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3024831). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [20394065](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20394065).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Ghavi-Helm, Y; Klein, FA; Pakozdi, T; Ciglar, L; Noordermeer, D; Huber, W; Furlong, EE (7 August 2014). "Enhancer loops appear stable during development and are associated with paused polymerase". *Nature*. **512** (7512): 96–100. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2014Natur.512...96G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.512...96G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nature13417](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature13417). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [25043061](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25043061). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4464054](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4464054).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Unexpected stability and complexity in transcriptional enhancers' interactions"](https://phys.org/news/2014-07-unexpected-stability-complexity-transcriptional-interactions.html). *phys.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Ghavi-Helm, Y; Jankowski, A; Meiers, S; Viales, RR; Korbel, JO; Furlong, EEM (August 2019). ["Highly rearranged chromosomes reveal uncoupling between genome topology and gene expression"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116017). *Nature Genetics*. **51** (8): 1272–1282. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41588-019-0462-3](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41588-019-0462-3). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7116017](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7116017). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31308546](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31308546).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Finn, Elizabeth H.; Misteli, Tom (August 2019). ["A genome disconnect"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418859). *Nature Genetics*. **51** (8): 1205–1206. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41588-019-0476-x](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41588-019-0476-x). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1546-1718](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1546-1718). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7418859](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7418859). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31332379](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31332379).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Koch, Linda (October 2019). ["Toppling TAD tenets"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41576-019-0164-9). *Nature Reviews Genetics*. **20** (10): 565. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41576-019-0164-9](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41576-019-0164-9). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1471-0064](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0064). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [31367009](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31367009). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [199056689](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199056689).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Junion, G; Spivakov, M; Girardot, C; Braun, M; Gustafson, EH; Birney, E; Furlong, EE (3 February 2012). ["A transcription factor collective defines cardiac cell fate and reflects lineage history"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2012.01.030). *Cell*. **148** (3): 473–86. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.cell.2012.01.030](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2012.01.030). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [22304916](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22304916). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [7990140](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7990140).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Khoueiry, P; Girardot, C; Ciglar, L; Peng, PC; Gustafson, EH; Sinha, S; Furlong, EE (9 August 2017). ["Uncoupling evolutionary changes in DNA sequence, transcription factor occupancy and enhancer activity"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550276). *eLife*. **6** e28440. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.7554/eLife.28440](https://doi.org/10.7554%2FeLife.28440). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [5550276](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5550276). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28792889](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28792889).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Cannavò, E; Koelling, N; Harnett, D; Garfield, D; Casale, FP; Ciglar, L; Gustafson, HE; Viales, RR; Marco-Ferreres, R; Degner, JF; Zhao, B; Stegle, O; Birney, E; Furlong, EE (19 January 2017). "Genetic variants regulating expression levels and isoform diversity during embryogenesis". *Nature*. **541** (7637): 402–406. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017Natur.541..402C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Natur.541..402C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nature20802](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature20802). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28024300](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28024300). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [205252947](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205252947).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Schor, IE; Degner, JF; Harnett, D; Cannavò, E; Casale, FP; Shim, H; Garfield, DA; Birney, E; Stephens, M; Stegle, O; Furlong, EE (April 2017). "Promoter shape varies across populations and affects promoter evolution and expression noise". *Nature Genetics*. **49** (4): 550–558. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ng.3791](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng.3791). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/65679](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F65679). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [28191888](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28191888). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [3331476](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3331476).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** Cannavò, E; Khoueiry, P; Garfield, DA; Geeleher, P; Zichner, T; Gustafson, EH; Ciglar, L; Korbel, JO; Furlong, EE (11 January 2016). ["Shadow Enhancers Are Pervasive Features of Developmental Regulatory Networks"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712172). *Current Biology*. **26** (1): 38–51. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016CBio...26...38C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CBio...26...38C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.034](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.11.034). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [4712172](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4712172). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [26687625](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26687625).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** McGuire, AL; Gabriel, S; Tishkoff, SA; Wonkam, A; Chakravarti, A; Furlong, EEM; Treutlein, B; Meissner, A; Chang, HY; López-Bigas, N; Segal, E; Kim, JS (October 2020). ["The road ahead in genetics and genomics"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444682). *Nature Reviews. Genetics*. **21** (10): 581–596. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s41576-020-0272-6](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41576-020-0272-6). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7444682](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7444682). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [32839576](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32839576).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Flintoft, Louisa (February 2013). "Predictions across space and time". *Nature Reviews Genetics*. **14** (2): 78–79. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nrg3411](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg3411). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1471-0064](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0064). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [23269464](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23269464). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [41780530](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41780530).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Arbeitman, MN; Furlong, EE; Imam, F; Johnson, E; Null, BH; Baker, BS; Krasnow, MA; Scott, MP; Davis, RW; White, KP (2002). "Gene expression during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster". *Science*. **297** (5590): 2270–5. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002Sci...297.2270A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Sci...297.2270A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.1072152](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1072152). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12351791](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12351791). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [15639586](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15639586).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Science, American Association for the Advancement of (27 September 2002). ["This Week in Science: Editor summaries of this week's papers"](https://science.sciencemag.org/content/297/5590/twis). *Science*. **297** (5590): 2165. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.2002.297.5590.twis](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.2002.297.5590.twis). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0036-8075](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [239597164](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239597164).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Furlong, EE; Profitt, D; Scott, MP (February 2001). "Automated sorting of live transgenic embryos". *Nature Biotechnology*. **19** (2): 153–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/84422](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F84422). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11175730](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11175730). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [14228050](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14228050).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Biological particle sorter"](https://patents.google.com/patent/US6482652B2/en). *Google Patents*. 21 March 2001.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Sandmann, T; Jensen, LJ; Jakobsen, JS; Karzynski, MM; Eichenlaub, MP; Bork, P; Furlong, EE (June 2006). ["A temporal map of transcription factor activity: mef2 directly regulates target genes at all stages of muscle development"](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.devcel.2006.04.009). *Developmental Cell*. **10** (6): 797–807. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.devcel.2006.04.009](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.devcel.2006.04.009). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [16740481](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16740481).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Sandmann, T; Girardot, C; Brehme, M; Tongprasit, W; Stolc, V; Furlong, EE (15 February 2007). ["A core transcriptional network for early mesoderm development in Drosophila melanogaster"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804332). *Genes & Development*. **21** (4): 436–49. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1101/gad.1509007](https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgad.1509007). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1804332](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1804332). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [17322403](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17322403).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** Skipper, Magdalena (April 2007). ["Chipping away at developmental networks"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg2077). *Nature Reviews Genetics*. **8** (4): 249. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nrg2077](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg2077). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1471-0064](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0064). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [38908110](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38908110).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eileen Furlong](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Furlong) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eileen_Furlong?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.