# Eden Paul

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{{Short description|English physician, translator and communist activist (1865–1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=May 2022}}
'''Maurice Eden Paul''' (27 September 1865, in [Sturminster Marshall](/source/Sturminster_Marshall)<ref name="LWW">{{cite book |title=Labour Who's Who |date=1924 |publisher=Labour Publishing Company |location=London |page=130}}</ref> – 1 December 1944) was a British socialist activist, physician, writer and translator.<ref name=WhoWasWho>'Paul, Maurice Eden' in ''Who Was Who''</ref>

==Early life==
Paul was the younger son of the publisher [Charles Kegan Paul](/source/Charles_Kegan_Paul),<ref name=Potter>[Beatrice Webb](/source/Beatrice_Webb), ''My Apprenticeship'', 1979, pp. 268–9</ref> and [Margaret Colvile](/source/Margaret_Agnes_Paul). His mother was one of 12 daughters born to [Andrew Wedderburn-Colvile](/source/Andrew_Colville) (1779–1856) and the Hon. Mary Louisa Eden, fifth daughter of [William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland](/source/William_Eden%2C_1st_Baron_Auckland).<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wedderburn|first1=Alexander Dundas Ogilvy|title=Wedderburn Book: A History of the Wedderburns, 1296–1896|volume=1|date=1898|pages=308–309|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DDMWAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA308|access-date=10 July 2017|language=en}}</ref>

He was educated at [University College School](/source/University_College_School) and [University College London](/source/University_College_London); he continued his medical studies at [London Hospital](/source/London_Hospital).<ref>Entry in ''The Labour who's who'', 1927</ref> In the mid-1880s he helped [Beatrice Webb](/source/Beatrice_Webb) and [Ella Pycroft](/source/Ella_Pycroft) run [Katharine Buildings](/source/Katharine_Buildings), [model dwellings](/source/model_dwellings_company) that were the first project of the philanthropically-motivated [East End Dwellings Company](/source/East_End_Dwellings_Company),<ref>Norman Mackenzie, ed., ''The Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb: Volume 1, Apprenticeships 1873–1892'', pgs. 46-7</ref><ref name=WebbLetters3>''The Letters of Sidney and Beatrice Webb: Volume 3, Pilgrimage 1912–1947'', pgs. 441-2</ref> and in 1886 joined [Charles Booth](/source/Charles_Booth_(philanthropist))'s Board of Statistical Inquiry investigating poverty in London.<ref>Rosemary O'Day and David Englander, ''Mr Charles Booth's inquiry: Life and labour of the people in London reconsidered'', 1993, pg. 32</ref>

In 1890, he married Margaret Jessie Macdonald, ''née'' Boag, a ward sister at the London Hospital.<ref>''The Times'', 25 December 1890, pg. 1</ref> From 1892–4, he taught at a university in Japan, where his daughter Hester was born in 1893.<ref name="aim25.ac.uk">[https://archive.today/20121222202401/http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/frames/fulldesc?inst_id=23&coll_id=3946 Papers of PAUL, Margaret Jessie] ([fl.](/source/floruit) 1851–1919) at the [Royal London Hospital](/source/Royal_London_Hospital)</ref>

==Journalism==
He travelled with the Japanese army as a ''[Times](/source/The_Times)'' correspondent during the [First Sino-Japanese War](/source/First_Sino-Japanese_War) of 1895. Between 1895 and 1912, he practised medicine in Japan, China, [Perak](/source/Perak), Singapore, Alderney and England. He was the founder and editor of the ''Nagasaki Press'', 1897–99.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050114232927/http://www2.gwu.edu/~asi/articles/37-2-3.pdf "The Thoreau Centenary in Britain"]</ref>

By 1903, the family had moved to [Alderney](/source/Alderney), where his wife later established a private nursing home; however, the couple separated about this time.<ref name="aim25.ac.uk"/> From 1907 to 1919, he was a member of the [ILP](/source/Independent_Labour_Party) where he promoted [eugenics](/source/eugenics),<ref>''Socialism and Eugenics'' in ''[Labour Leader](/source/Labour_Leader)'' 1911, also published as a pamphlet</ref> and worked for the [French Socialist Party](/source/French_Section_of_the_Workers'_International) from 1912 to 1914. He later joined the [Communist Party of Great Britain](/source/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain) (CPGB). He remained active in the CPGB at least until 1928.<ref name="KM">{{cite book |last1=Morgan |first1=Kevin |title=Bolshevism and the British left |date=2006–2013 |publisher=Lawrence & Wishart |location=London |isbn=1-905007-26-4 |url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/files/135415219/Morgan_Webba_and_Soviet_Communism.pdf}}</ref>

==Later years==
In 1932 he retired to live on the [French Riviera](/source/French_Riviera). In 1939, aged 74, he was badly injured in a motor accident near [Grasse](/source/Grasse).<ref>''The Times'', 20 March 1939, pg. 20</ref> With his second wife, [Cedar Paul](/source/Cedar_Paul), he wrote several books for a socialist reading public, and they also worked together to translate from German, French, Italian and Russian. {{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

==Works==

===Translations undertaken with Cedar Paul===
* ''The ABC of Communism'' by [Nikolai Bukharin](/source/Nikolai_Bukharin) and [Yevgeni Preobrazhensky](/source/Yevgeni_Preobrazhensky) London: The Communist Party of Great Britain
* ''Napoléon'' by [Emil Ludwig](/source/Emil_Ludwig). New York, N.Y. : Boni & Liveright, 1926
* ''Bismarck; the story of a fighter'' by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1927
* ''The Son of man: the story of Jesus'' by Emil Ludwig. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1928
* ''Capital'', by [Karl Marx](/source/Karl_Marx). Translated from the 4th German edition of ''[Das Kapital](/source/Das_Kapital)''. London: Allen & Unwin, 1928
* ''Karl Marx: his Life and Work'' by [Otto Ruhle](/source/Otto_Ruhle). New York: Viking/London: Allen & Unwin, 1929
* ''Lincoln'' by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1930
* ''Joseph Fouché, the portrait of a politician'' by [Stefan Zweig](/source/Stefan_Zweig). New York: Viking Press, 1930
* ''Marie Antoinette, the portrait of an average woman'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1933
* ''Bula Matari: Stanley, conqueror of a continent'' by [Jakob Wassermann](/source/Jakob_Wassermann). New York, Liveright Inc., 1933
* ''Erasmus of Rotterdam'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1934
* ''Mary, Queen of Scotland and the Isles'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1935
* ''[Arturo Toscanini](/source/Arturo_Toscanini)'' by [Paul Stefan](/source/Paul_Stefan). New York: Viking Press, 1936 
* ''Insulted and exiled : the truth about the German Jews'' by Stefan Zweig. London: John Mills, 1937
* ''Racism'' by [Magnus Hirschfeld](/source/Magnus_Hirschfeld), 1938
* ''Imperial Byzantium'' by [Bertha Diener](/source/Bertha_Diener). Boston: 1938  Translates ''[Byzanz, von Kaisern, Engeln und Eunuchen](/source/Byzanz%2C_von_Kaisern%2C_Engeln_und_Eunuchen)'', Leipzig, 1937.
* ''Triumph over pain'' by [René Fülöp-Miller](/source/Ren%C3%A9_F%C3%BCl%C3%B6p-Miller). New York, Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1938
* ''Conqueror of the seas; the story of Magellan'' by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1938

;Other works
* (ed.) ''Lectures on pathology: delivered at the London Hospital'' by [Henry Gawen Sutton](/source/Henry_Gawen_Sutton), revised by [Samuel Wilks](/source/Samuel_Wilks). London: J. & A. Churchill; Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1891. 
* (tr. with Peter Galstann Edgar) ''Introduction to the study of Malarial Diseases'' by [Reinhold Ruge](/source/Reinhold_Ruge). London: Rebman Limited, 1903.
* (tr.) ''An atlas of human anatomy for students and physicians'' by [Carl Toldt](/source/Carl_Toldt). London: Rebman, 1903–. Translated from the 3rd German ed. and adapted to English and American and international terminology.
* (tr.) ''The sexual life of our time in its relations to modern civilisation'' by [Iwan Bloch](/source/Iwan_Bloch). London: Rebman, 1908. Translated from the sixth German edition.
* ''Karl Marx and modern socialism'', Manchester: National Labour Press, [1908?]
* 'Socialism and Science', ''Socialist Review'', April 1909. Reprinted Keighley: Wadsworth & Co., [1909.] An address to the members of the Poole and Branksome Branch of the [Independent Labour Party](/source/Independent_Labour_Party), Sunday, 24 January 1909.
* ''Psychical research and thought transference: their meaning and recent history'', London: Watts & Co., 1911. Issues for the Rationalist Press Association.
* ''Socialism and eugenics'', Manchester: National Labour Press, [1911]. Reprinted from the ''Labour Leader''.
* ''[Cesare Lombroso](/source/Cesare_Lombroso): a modern man of science'' by [Hans Kurella](/source/Hans_Kurella). London: Rebman, 1911. Translated from the German.
* (tr.) ''[Sexual life of the Child](/source/s%3ASexual_life_of_the_Child)'' by [Albert Moll](/source/Albert_Moll_(German_psychiatrist)). London, 1912. Translated from the German. With an introduction by [Edward L. Thorndike](/source/Edward_L._Thorndike)
* (tr.) ''The elements of child-protection'' by [Sigmund Engel](/source/Sigmund_Engel). New York: Macmillan, 1912. Translated from the German.
* ''The Sexual life of woman in its physiological, pathological and hygienic aspects'' by [E. Heinrich Kisch](/source/E._Heinrich_Kisch). London; printed in America: William Heinemann, [1913?]. The only authorised translation from the German.
* (tr.) ''The economic synthesis : a study of the laws of income'' by [Achille Loria](/source/Achille_Loria), London: George Allen, 1914. Translated from the Italian.
* (with Cedar Paul) ''Independent working class education : thoughts and suggestions''. London: Workers' Socialist Federation, 1918
* (with Cedar Paul) ''Bolshevism in industry and politics: new tactics for the social revolution'', London: London Workers' Committee, 1918.
* (with Cedar Paul) ''Creative revolution : a study of communist ergatocracy'', London: Plebs League, 1920
* (with Cedar Paul) ''Proletcult (proletarian Culture)'', New York: T. Seltzer, Incorporated, 1921
*'[Steinach](/source/Eugen_Steinach)'s rejuvenation experiments', in E. Paul & [Norman Haire](/source/Norman_Haire), ''Rejuvenation: Steinach's researches on the sex-glands'', London: Athenaeum Press, 1923
* ''Chronos''. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1930

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Gutenberg author |id=389| name=Eden Paul}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Eden Paul |sopt=t}}
*[http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/online/modern/paul/paul.html Papers of Maurice Eden Paul and his wife, Cedar Paul] at the [Bodleian Library](/source/Bodleian_Library)

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Maurice Eden}}
Category:1865 births
Category:1944 deaths
Category:Communist Party of Great Britain members
Category:English communists
Category:19th-century English medical doctors
Category:Translators to English
Category:Translators from German
Category:People educated at University College School
Category:People from Dorset
Category:English parapsychologists
Category:20th-century English medical doctors
Category:20th-century English translators

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eden Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Paul) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eden_Paul?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.