# Eastern Front (Turkey)

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{{Other uses|Eastern Front (disambiguation){{!}}Eastern Front}}

{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= Eastern Front
|image=
|caption=
|dates= June 9<ref>T.C. Genelkurmay Harp Tarihi Başkanlığı Yayınları, Türk İstiklâl Harbine Katılan Tümen ve Daha Üst Kademelerdeki Komutanların Biyografileri, Genkurmay Başkanlığı Basımevi, Ankara, 1972.</ref>–15, 1920–December 8–9, 1920
|country= [Turkey](/source/Turkey)
|allegiance=
|branch=
|type=
|role=
|size= [Front](/source/Front_(military_formation))
|command_structure=[Turkish Army](/source/Turkish_Army)
|garrison=[Erzurum](/source/Erzurum), [Sarıkamış](/source/Sar%C4%B1kam%C4%B1%C5%9F), [Kars](/source/Kars)
|garrison_label=
|equipment=
|equipment_label=
|nickname=
|patron=
|motto=
|colors=
|colors_label=
|march=
|mascot=
|battles=[Turkish invasion of Armenia](/source/Turkish_invasion_of_Armenia), [Turkish invasion of Georgia](/source/Turkish_invasion_of_Georgia)
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|battle_honours=
<!-- Commanders -->
|current_commander=
|current_commander_label=
|ceremonial_chief=
|ceremonial_chief_label=
|notable_commanders=[Kâzım Karabekir Pasha](/source/K%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Karabekir)<br /> General [Hüseyin Yalabık](/source/H%C3%BCseyin_Yalab%C4%B1k)
<!-- Insignia -->
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|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
}}

The '''Eastern Front ''' ([Turkish](/source/Turkish_language): ''Şark Cephesi'' or ''Doğu Cephesi'') was one of the [fronts](/source/Front_(military_formation)) of the [Army of the Grand National Assembly](/source/Turkish_Army) during the [Turkish War of Independence](/source/Turkish_War_of_Independence). Its commanded all military units in [Eastern Region](/source/Eastern_Anatolia_Region). At first, its headquarters was located at [Erzurum](/source/Erzurum), and moved to [Sarıkamış](/source/Sar%C4%B1kam%C4%B1%C5%9F), then [Kars](/source/Kars) during the [Turkish invasion of Armenia](/source/Turkish_invasion_of_Armenia) (which itself is usually referred to synecdochically as the Eastern Front of the Turkish War of Independence).

The Eastern Front has its foundations in remnants of the [XV Corps](/source/XV_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire)) of the [Ottoman Army](/source/Military_of_the_Ottoman_Empire). It engaged in the [Turkish invasions of Armenia](/source/Turkish_invasion_of_Armenia) and [Georgia](/source/Turkish_invasion_of_Georgia).

==Formations==

=== Order of battle of the XV Corps, April 2, 1919===
On April 2, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:<ref>''Türk İstiklâl Harbi'' III ncü Cilt: Doğu Cephesi (1919 - 1921), Genelkurmay Askerî Tarih ve Stratejik Etüt Başkanlığı Yayınları, Genelkurmay Basım Evi, Ankara, 1995, {{ISBN|975-409-050-5}}, pp .45-48.</ref>

*3rd Caucasian Division (commander: [Kaymakam](/source/Kaymakam) [Halid Bey (Karsıalan)](/source/Halit_Kars%C4%B1alan), chief of staff: Kurmay [Binbaşı](/source/Binba%C5%9F%C4%B1) Yusuf Kemal Bey, Tortum - Isısu - Zivin - Girekösek areas, headquarters: Girekösek, present-day [Yeşildere](/source/%3Atr%3AYe%C5%9Fildere%2C_Erzurum))
**7th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Zivin, moved to Trabzon)
**8th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Tortum, moved to Gümüşhane)
**11th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (İspir, moved to Hopa)
**3rd Artillery Regiment
**Cavalry company
**Health company
* 9th Caucasian Division (commander: [Miralay](/source/Miralay) [Rushidi Bey](/source/R%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BC_Pasha), chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı Fahri Bey, Erzurum - Hasankale areas, headquarters: Erzurum)
**17th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erzurum, moved to Erzincan and Mamahatun areas)
**28th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale, Bayburt, Hat areas)
**29th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Hasankale)
**9th Artillery Regiment  (Hasankale)
**Cavalry company
**Health company
* 11th Caucasian Division (commander: Kaymakam [Djavid Bey (Erdel)](/source/Cavit_Erdel), chief of staff: Kurmay Binbaşı [Veysel Bey (Ünüvar)](/source/Veysel_%C3%9Cn%C3%BCvar), Doğubayazıt - Van - Erniş areas, headquarters: [Van](/source/Van%2C_Turkey))
**18th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Doğubayazıt area)
**33rd Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Erniş)
**34th Caucasian Infantry Regiment (Van)
**11th Artillery Regiment (1st Battalion - Van, 2nd Battalion - Erniş)
**Cavalry company  (Van)
**Health company (Van)
* 12th Division (commander: Kaymakam [Osman Nuri Bey (Koptagel)](/source/Osman_Nuri_Koptagel), chief of staff: Kurmay Yüzbaşı Yusuf Kâmil Bey, Kötek - Tuti - Kamasor present-day Yolaçan, Kars) areas, headquarters: Ali Çeyrek in [Horasan](/source/Horasan))
**34th Infantry Regiment (between Horasan and Zirin)
**35th Infantry Regiment (Pasin Karakilisesi area)
**36th Infantry Regiment (Horasan)
**12th Artillery Regiment (one battalion - Tuti, one battalion - Kamasor)
**Cavalry company
**Health company
*15th Infantry Regiment
*15th Cavalry Regiment (commander: Miralay Mehmed Bey)
*15th Artillery Regiment (commander: Miralay Faruk Bey)
*15th Engineer Company
*15th Construction Company
*15th Transport Company
*11th Transport Company
*Transport Company
*Headquarters Cavalry Company
*Flight Squadron
*Telegraph Company
*Service Company
*Wireless Telegraph Company
*Military Band Company
*[Erzurum Fortified Area Command](/source/Erzurum_Fortified_Area_Command)
**Heavy Artillery Regiment
**Engineer Battalion
**Wireless Telegraph Detachment
**Searchlight Detachment

=== Order of Battle of the XV Corps, May 15, 1919===
On May 15, 1919, the XV Corps was organized as follows:

=== Order of Battle, June 22, 1920===
On June 22, 1920, the Eastern Front was organized as follows:

===Nahcivan Detachment===

On August 11, 1920, the Nahcivan Detachment was organized as follows:
*1st Battalion of the 18th Infantry Regiment
*1st Battalion of the 34th Infantry Regiment
*Machinegun Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment
*2nd Company of the 34th Infantry Regiment
*Machinegun Company
*4th Battery
*HG of the Nahcivan Detachment

=== Order of Battle, October 1, 1922===
On October 1, 1922, the Eastern Front still existed.

==Sources==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)](/source/Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920))
*[Southern Front of the Russian Civil War](/source/Southern_Front_of_the_Russian_Civil_War)
*[Soviet invasion of Georgia](/source/Soviet_invasion_of_Georgia)
*[Soviet invasion of Azerbaijan](/source/Soviet_invasion_of_Azerbaijan)
*[Soviet invasion of Armenia](/source/Soviet_invasion_of_Armenia)
*[XV Corps (Ottoman Empire)](/source/XV_Corps_(Ottoman_Empire))
*[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk](/source/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk)
*[Treaty of Alexandropol](/source/Treaty_of_Alexandropol)
*[Treaty of Kars](/source/Treaty_of_Kars)

{{Turkish Army during the War of Independence}}

Category:Fronts of Turkey
Category:Military units and formations of Turkey in the Turkish War of Independence
Category:Military history of Erzurum
Category:Military units and formations established in 1920
Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1923
Category:Military history of Kars
Category:Sarıkamış District
Category:History of Kars Province
Category:Turkish involvement in the Russian Civil War

[tr:Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı Doğu Cephesi](/source/tr%3AT%C3%BCrk_Kurtulu%C5%9F_Sava%C5%9F%C4%B1_Do%C4%9Fu_Cephesi)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Eastern Front (Turkey)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(Turkey)) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(Turkey)?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.