# EarthScope Consortium

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{{Short description|Geophysical science support organization}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Promotional|date=December 2024}}
{{COI|date=December 2024}}
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{{Infobox organization
|image = 180px
|name = EarthScope Consortium
|founded = {{Start date|2023|01|1}}
|headquarters = [Washington, D.C.](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.)
|services = [Research](/source/Research), [Education](/source/Education)
|website = [https://www.earthscope.org www.earthscope.org]
}}

'''EarthScope Consortium''' is a 501(c)(3) [nonprofit](/source/Non-profit_organization) [geophysical](/source/geophysics) science support organization.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nonprofit Explorer |url=https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/521362650 |website=ProPublica |date=9 May 2013 |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> EarthScope Consortium operates two of the [National Science Foundation](/source/National_Science_Foundation)'s (NSF) major research facilities, the NSF [Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience](/source/Geodetic_Facility_for_the_Advancement_of_Geoscience) (NSF GAGE) and the NSF [Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience](/source/Seismological_Facility_for_the_Advancement_of_Geoscience) (NSF SAGE),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/bfa/lfo/docs/major-facilities-list.pdf |title=NSF Research Infrastructure List: Major Facilities - Revised 1/31/2024 |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Facilities and Infrastructure |url=https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/infrastructure |website=NSF |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> which provide geophysical instrumentation, data access, and services to support geoscience research and education.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.nsf.gov/focus-areas/infrastructure |title=Facilities and Infrastructure |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref>

EarthScope Consortium's corporate headquarters are located in [Washington, D.C.](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.), and an instrument facility is located in [Socorro, New Mexico](/source/Socorro%2C_New_Mexico).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.earthscope.org/contact-us/ |title=EarthScope Contact Us |website=www.earthscope.org |access-date=2024-06-04}}</ref>

==Background==

EarthScope Consortium was formed on January 1, 2023 through the merger of the [Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology](/source/IRIS_Consortium) (IRIS) and [UNAVCO](/source/UNAVCO).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/iris.edu/united/home |title=Joining Forces |website=sites.google.com/ |access-date=2024-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zawacki |first1=E.E. |last2=Bendick |first2=R. |last3=Woodward |first3=R. |date=2023 |title=Advancing geophysics: IRIS and UNAVCO merge to form EarthScope Consortium. |journal=Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists |volume=4 |issue=1 |article-number=e2023CN000227 |doi=10.1029/2023CN000227 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carnegie's Lara Wagner elected board chair of the newly founded EarthScope Consortium |url=https://carnegiescience.edu/news/carnegies-lara-wagner-elected-board-chair-newly-founded-earthscope-consortium |website=Carnegie Science |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> Both founded in 1984, IRIS and UNAVCO supported the U.S. scientific community's access to data, instrumentation, and educational resources within [seismology](/source/seismology) and [geodesy](/source/geodesy), respectively.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=Stewart W. |date=1987 |title=IRIS—A university consortium for seismology. |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=1203–1207 |doi=10.1029/RG025i006p01203 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ware |first1=Randolph H. |date=1995 |title=The University NAVstar COnsortium: global positioning for geosciences research. |url=https://unavco.knowledgebase.co/assets/180/GPSforGeosciencesResearch.pdf |journal=IGS Workshop "Special Topics and New Directions" |access-date=2024-04-02}}</ref>

The "EarthScope Consortium" name is connected to IRIS and UNAVCO's previous collaboration in the 2003–2018 NSF-funded [EarthScope Program](/source/Earthscope), which included operation of the [USArray](/source/USArray) and [Plate Boundary Observatory](/source/Plate_Boundary_Observatory) components.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Feder |first1=T. |date=2014 |title=Scoping out the North American continent, 10 years on. |journal=Physics Today |volume=67 |issue=1 |page=19 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.2237 |bibcode=2014PhT....67a..19F }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine |date=2020 |title=A Vision for NSF Earth Sciences 2020-2030: Earth in Time. |location=Washington, DC |publisher=The National Academies Press |page= |doi=10.17226/25761 |isbn=978-0-309-67600-7}}</ref>

==EarthScope Primary Instrument Center==

The [EarthScope Primary Instrument Center](/source/EarthScope_Primary_Instrument_Center) (EPIC) (formerly known as the IRIS PASSCAL Instrument Center)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aster |first1=R. |last2=Beaudoin |first2=B. |last3=Hole |first3=J. |last4=Fouch |first4=M. |last5=Fowler |first5=J. |last6=James |first6=D. |date=2005 |title=IRIS Seismology Program marks 20 years of discovery. |journal=Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union |volume=86 |issue=17 |pages=171–172 |doi=10.1029/2005EO170002 |bibcode=2005EOSTr..86..171A }}</ref> is located in Socorro, New Mexico at the [New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology](/source/New_Mexico_Institute_of_Mining_and_Technology) and houses central instrumentation maintenance and engineering activities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the EPIC {{!}} EarthScope Primary Instrument Center |url=https://www.passcal.nmt.edu/ |access-date=2024-06-16 |website=www.passcal.nmt.edu}}</ref>[[File:Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology Program for Array Studies of the Continental Lithosphere Instrument Center.jpg|thumb|The [EarthScope Primary Instrument Center](/source/EarthScope_Primary_Instrument_Center) (EPIC, formerly the [IRIS](/source/IRIS_Consortium) PASSCAL Instrument Center) at the [New Mexico Tech](/source/New_Mexico_Institute_of_Mining_and_Technology) campus.]]

EPIC supports geophysical network operations in global and regional scientific networks, including:<ref name=":0" />

* The [Network of the Americas](/source/Geodetic_Facility_for_the_Advancement_of_Geoscience) (NOTA)
* [Global Seismographic Network](/source/Global_Seismographic_Network) (GSN)
* Global [GNSS](/source/Satellite_navigation) Network (GGN)
* Borehole [Strainmeter](/source/Strainmeter) Network (BSM)
* The Polar Network Operations funded by the NSF Office of Polar Programs (OPP)

==NSF GAGE Facility==
EarthScope Consortium is the operator of the NSF's [Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience](/source/Geodetic_Facility_for_the_Advancement_of_Geoscience) (GAGE), previously operated by UNAVCO since the facility's creation in 2013.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261833 |title=Award Abstract # 1261833 2013-2018 UNAVCO Community Proposal Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope: The GAGE Facility |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref>
The NSF GAGE Facility funding is designated to support:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2314379&HistoricalAwards=false |title=Award Abstract # 2314379 Enabling Discoveries in Multiscale Earth System Dynamics: Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) - EAR Scope |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref>

*The Network of the Americas (NOTA), an international geophysics sensor network of more than 1,200 continuously operating instruments. These instruments include geodetic [GPS](/source/GPS)/[GNSS](/source/Satellite_navigation) stations and borehole [strain](/source/strainmeter), seismic, and [tilt](/source/tiltmeter) instruments. NOTA integrates stations from pre-existing GPS networks, including the [Plate Boundary Observatory](/source/Plate_Boundary_Observatory) (which spans a range including [Alaska](/source/Alaska), [Continental U.S.](/source/Contiguous_United_States), and [Puerto Rico](/source/Puerto_Rico)), [TLALOCNet](/source/TLALOCNet) ([Mexico](/source/Mexico)), and [COCONet](/source/COCONet) ([Caribbean](/source/Caribbean) and the neighboring area).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Herring |first1=T.A. |last2=Melbourne |first2=T.I. |last3=Murray |first3=M.H. |last4=Floyd |first4=M.A. |last5=Szeliga |first5=W.M. |last6=King |first6=R.W. |last7=Phillips |first7=D.A. |last8=Puskas |first8=C.M. |last9=Santillan |first9=M. |last10=Wang |first10=L. |date=2016 |title=Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products |journal=Reviews of Geophysics |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=759–808 |doi=10.1002/2016RG000529 |bibcode=2016RvGeo..54..759H |doi-access=free }}</ref> Data from this network are used for various fields of Earth science research, hazard monitoring (including the [Yellowstone Volcano Observatory](/source/Yellowstone_Volcano_Observatory)<ref>{{cite web |title=YVO includes nine partner agencies |url=https://www.usgs.gov/observatories/yvo/yvo-includes-nine-partner-agencies |website=YVO |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>), and precision positioning applications like surveying or agriculture.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mattioli |first1=G.S. |last2=Phillips |first2=D.A. |last3=Hodgkinson |first3=K.M. |last4=Walls |first4=C. |last5=Mencin |first5=D.A. |last6=Bartel |first6=B.A. |last7=Charlevoix |first7=D.J. |last8=Crosby |first8=C. |last9=Gottlieb |first9=M.J. |last10=Henderson |first10=B. |last11=Johnson |first11=W. |last12=Maggert |first12=D. |last13=Mann |first13=Doerte |last14=Meertens |first14=C.M. |last15=Normandeau |first15=J. |last16=Pettit |first16=J. |last17=Puskas |first17=C.M. |last18=Rowan |first18=L. |last19=Sievers |first19=C. |last20=Zaino |first20=A. |date=2020 |title=The GAGE Data and Field Response to the 2019 Ridgecrest Earthquake Sequence |journal=Seismological Research Letters |volume=91 |issue=4 |pages=2075–2086 |doi=10.1785/0220190283 |bibcode=2020SeiRL..91.2075M }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AGUFM.G15C..09O/abstract |title=Response of Crustal Deformation in Lake Mead due to Current Drought of 2021 |last1=Oyedele |first1=E. |last2=Fu |first2=Y. |last3=Martens |first3=H. |last4=Doyle |first4=B. |last5=Xue |first5=L. |date=December 2021 |conference=American Geophysical Union |bibcode=2021AGUFM.G15C..09O}}</ref>
*Stations in the [NASA](/source/NASA) Global GNSS Network (GGN),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/site/jsgt/ |title=Jet Propulsion Laboratory Space Geodesy Task |website=www.jpl.nasa.gov/ |access-date=2024-05-25}}</ref> which contributes to the International GNSS Service (IGS) responsible for the [International Terrestrial Reference Frame](/source/International_Terrestrial_Reference_Frame).<ref>{{cite web |title=Contributing Organizations |url=https://igs.org/contributing/ |website=International GNSS Service |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G33A1123D/abstract |title=NASA Global GNSS Network (GGN) Status and Plans |last1=Doelger |first1=S. |last2=Sklar |first2=J. |last3=Blume |first3=F. |last4=Meertens |first4=C.M. |last5=Mattioli |first5=G.S. |date=December 2015 |conference=American Geophysical Union |bibcode=2015AGUFM.G33A1123D}}</ref>
*Instrumentation and data access for geodesy research driven by Principal Investigators.
*Maintenance of some [United States Geological Survey](/source/United_States_Geological_Survey) (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program GPS/GNSS stations.
*Data operations for the GPS/GNSS component of the [ShakeAlert](/source/ShakeAlert) [earthquake early warning system](/source/earthquake_early_warning_system).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reddy |first1=E. |last2=Valenzuela |first2=J. |last3=Yavorsky |first3=N. |last4=Guizzetti |first4=N. |last5=Schroeder |first5=C. |date=2024 |title=Earthquake Early Warning Riskwork: ShakeAlert's Operation with Institutionalized Uncertainties |journal=Natural Hazards Review |volume=25 |issue=2 |doi=10.1061/NHREFO.NHENG-1750 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Faster alerts for California megaquakes: Early-warning system gets major upgrade |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-06-05/californias-earthquake-early-warning-system-gets-upgrade-to-better-estimate-magnitude |newspaper=LA Times |date=5 June 2024 |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Real-time satellite data improves earthquake early warning system in the United States |url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/state-news-release/real-time-satellite-data-improves-earthquake-early-warning-system-united |website=USGS |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.shakealert.org/ |website=ShakeAlert |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>
*Education, workforce development, and outreach related to geodesy and geoscience.<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovering earthquake hazard regions of California using GPS data and code |url=https://concord.org/blog/discovering-earthquake-hazard-regions-of-california-using-gps-data-and-code/ |website=Concord Consortium |date=7 October 2024 |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref>

==NSF SAGE Facility==

EarthScope Consortium is the operator of the NSF's [Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience](/source/Seismological_Facility_for_the_Advancement_of_Geoscience) (SAGE), previously operated by IRIS since the facility's creation in 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1261681&HistoricalAwards=false |title=Award Abstract # 1261681 Seismological Facilities for the Advancement of Geoscience and EarthScope |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref> The NSF SAGE Facility funding is designated to support:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2310069&HistoricalAwards=false |title=Award Abstract # 2310069 Enabling Discoveries in Multiscale Earth System Dynamics: Seismological Facility for the Advancement of GEoscience (SAGE) |website=www.nsf.gov/ |access-date=2024-04-16}}</ref>

*Operation of the Global Seismographic Network (GSN) (jointly with the USGS). The GSN is a globally distributed seismic network of over 150 stations. The NSF SAGE Facility provides for maintenance of approximately one third of the GSN stations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ida.ucsd.edu/about-ida/project-ida-background/ |title=Project IDA Background |website=ida.ucsd.edu |access-date=2024-04-02}}</ref> The USGS, via the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory, operates the remainder of GSN stations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.usgs.gov/centers/geologic-hazards-science-center/albuquerque-seismological-laboratory |title=Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory |website=www.usgs.gov |access-date=2024-04-02}}</ref> Data from this network are used for earthquake detection and research, imaging of the Earth's interior, and contribute to the [Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization](/source/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty_Organization)'s (CTBTO) International Monitoring System.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Davis |first1=P. |date=2024 |title=Development and operation of a global-scale seismographic network: The IRIS/USGS GSN. |journal=Perspectives of Earth and Space Scientists |volume=5 |issue=1 |article-number=e2023CN000225 |doi=10.1029/2023CN000225 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
*Archiving and distribution of seismological and other geophysical research data and data products.
*Maintenance and deployment of seismic, [magnetotelluric](/source/magnetotellurics), and other portable instrumentation for Principal Investigator-led research projects.
*Education, workforce development, and outreach related to seismology and geoscience.

==See also==

*[Seismology](/source/Seismology)
*[Geodesy](/source/Geodesy)
*[Geophysics](/source/Geophysics)
*[IRIS Consortium](/source/IRIS_Consortium)
*[UNAVCO](/source/UNAVCO)
*[EarthScope](/source/EarthScope)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Seismological observatories, organisations and projects
Category:Geodesy organizations
Category:Research organizations in the United States

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [EarthScope Consortium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthScope_Consortium) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EarthScope_Consortium?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.