# EX Lupi

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T-Tauri star

EX Lupi Artist's illustration of the disk around EX Lupi, showing the formation of silicate crystals Observation data Epoch J2000.0 Equinox J2000.0 Constellation Lupus Right ascension 16h 03m 05.491s[1] Declination −40° 18′ 25.43″[1] Characteristics Evolutionary stage Pre-main-sequence[2] Spectral type M0[3] Variable type YY Ori[4] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) −0.9±0.1[2] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: −10.157 mas/yr[1] Dec.: −22.531 mas/yr[1] Parallax (π) 6.4634±0.0150 mas[1] Distance 505 ± 1 ly (154.7 ± 0.4 pc) Details Mass 0.6[2] M☉ Radius 1.6[2] R☉ Luminosity 1.23±0.53[3] L☉ Temperature 3,850±177[3] K Rotational velocity (v sin i) 4.4±2.0[5] km/s Other designations EX Lup, HD 325367, IRAS 15597-4010,[6] HV 11976[7] Database references SIMBAD data

**EX Lupi** is a young, single[2] [T-Tauri star](/source/T-Tauri_star) in the southern [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Lupus](/source/Lupus_(constellation)). An [irregular variable](/source/Irregular_variable),[8] it is the prototype of young, low-mass eruptive stars named **EXors**,[2] with *EX Lupi* being this object's [variable star designation](/source/Variable_star_designation). At its minimal activity level, EX Lupi resembles a classical T-Tauri star of the [M0 dwarf](/source/M-type_main-sequence_star) type.[9] The low latitude of this star, at a declination of −40°, makes it difficult for northern observers to view.[9] Based on [parallax](/source/Stellar_parallax) measurements, it is located at a distance of about 505 [light years](/source/Light_year) from the [Sun](/source/Sun).[1] The star lies next to a gap in the Lupus cloud complex, a star forming region.[10]

During 1944, Edith M. Janssen at [Harvard Observatory](/source/Harvard_Observatory) noticed a [stellar spectrum](/source/Stellar_spectrum) that displayed bright lines on a photographic plate taken April 11, 1929, but these lines were missing on a spectrum from July 13, 1928. This star was found to be only two magnitudes fainter than at maximum, so a [nova](/source/Nova) was ruled out. [D. B. McLaughlin](/source/Dean_Benjamin_McLaughlin) then undertook a study of this object going as far back as 1893, finding further outbursts in 1901, 1914, 1925, 1929, 1934. Each time the brightness increased by about two magnitudes, followed by smaller, irregular fluctuations lasting 1–2 years before returning to a near constant minimum at magnitude 13.2.[7] Now designated EX Lupi, [George Herbig](/source/George_Herbig) studied the spectrum of this [irregular variable](/source/Irregular_variable) in 1950, finding that it is similar to other [emission-line](/source/Emission-line) stars associated with [nebulosity](/source/Dark_nebula).[11]

The next observed outburst was during the period 1955–1957 and was tracked by A. F. Jones. It reached a peak magnitude of 8.4, followed by a secondary brightening about 300 days later.[9] After a period of quiescence during the 1980s, another eruptive burst was observed in March 1994.[8] It reached a peak magnitude of 11.5 on both April 30 and May 14.[9] The cause was now understood to be the result of a mass accretion event with the infalling matter releasing its [kinetic energy](/source/Kinetic_energy) on the [T-Tauri star](/source/T-Tauri_star). This creates a hot emission region that dominates the light output from the star. Many of the emission lines show an inverse [P Cygni profile](/source/P_Cygni_profile), thereby demonstrating that it is coming from infalling material. [Absorption lines](/source/Absorption_line) in the spectrum show a redshift indicating a velocity of 300 km/s.[8]

A [visual band](/source/Photometric_system#Photometric_letters) [light curve](/source/Light_curve) for EX Lupi, plotted from [AAVSO](/source/American_Association_of_Variable_Star_Observers) data[12]

A major outburst of EX Lupi began in January 2008,[13] and it reached a peak visual magnitude of 8 during February.[14] It remained optically brighter by five magnitudes for a period of seven months.[15] Infrared observations of the star's [circumstellar disk](/source/Circumstellar_disk) during the outburst shows spectral features of crystalline [silicates](/source/Silicate), including strong indications of [forsterite](/source/Forsterite). The features resembled those seen in [comets](/source/Comet) and some [protoplanetary disks](/source/Protoplanetary_disk). The temperature of the disk is mostly below 700 K, indicating a circumstellar dust-free inner hole with a radius of 0.2 [AU](/source/Astronomical_unit).[14] The disk may extend outward to at least 150 AU. At stellar quiescence, the infrared silicate feature at a wavelength of 10 μm can be explained as amorphous silicates of [olivine](/source/Olivine) and [pyroxene](/source/Pyroxene).[2] Observations with [Spitzer](/source/Spitzer_Space_Telescope) did showed an burst of cold [water vapour](/source/Water_vapor). This is explained with enhanced ice sublimation due to a recession of the [snowline](/source/Frost_line_(astrophysics)). In 2022 and 2023 the cold water vapour is still unusually strong from [JWST](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope) spectra, showing that water freeze-out takes more than 10 years.[16]

Matter from the circumstellar disk is being accreted onto the star by means of accretion columns.[5] This column may be the cause of the 7.417 day [radial velocity](/source/Radial_velocity) variations observed with this star. EX Lupi is accreting mass at a typical estimated rate of 3.6×10−8 [*M*☉](/source/Solar_mass)·yr−1, which can climb as high as 10−7 *M*☉·yr−1 during peak bursts.[3] Between outbursts, the star undergoes moderate variability of 1–2 magnitudes due to variations in the rate of accretion.[5]

## See also

- [FU Orionis star](/source/FU_Orionis_star)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GaiaEDR3_1-4) [Brown, A. G. A.](/source/Anthony_Brown_(scientist)); et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). ["*Gaia* Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657). *[Astronomy & Astrophysics](/source/Astronomy_%26_Astrophysics)*. **649**: A1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2012.01533](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01533). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021A&A...649A...1G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021A&A...649A...1G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202039657](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [227254300](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:227254300). (Erratum: [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202039657e)). [Gaia EDR3 record for this source](https://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?Gaia%20EDR3%205996902860784332800) at [VizieR](/source/VizieR).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-Samus_et_al_2017_4-0)** Samus, N. N.; et al. (2017), "General Catalogue of Variable Stars", *Astronomy Reports*, 5.1, **61** (1): 80–88, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017ARep...61...80S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1134/S1063772917010085](https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS1063772917010085), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [125853869](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:125853869).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Sicilia-Aguilar_et_al_2015_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Sicilia-Aguilar_et_al_2015_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Sicilia-Aguilar_et_al_2015_5-2) Sicilia-Aguilar, Aurora; et al. (August 2015), "Accretion dynamics of EX Lupi in quiescence. The star, the spot, and the accretion column", *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **580**: 33, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1505.08011](https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.08011), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015A&A...580A..82S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015A&A...580A..82S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201525970](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201525970), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [54725281](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54725281), A82.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_6-0)** ["HD 325367"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=HD+325367), *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*, [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg), retrieved 2022-01-29.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-McLaughlin1946_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-McLaughlin1946_7-1) McLaughlin, Dean B. (November 1946), "The nova-like variable star HV 11976", *Astronomical Journal*, **52**: 109, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1946AJ.....52..109M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1946AJ.....52..109M), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/105935](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F105935).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lehmann_et_al_1995_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lehmann_et_al_1995_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lehmann_et_al_1995_8-2) Lehmann, T.; et al. (August 1995), "The outburst of the T Tauri star EX LUPI in 1994", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **300**: L9, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[astro-ph/9506066](https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9506066), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1995A&A...300L...9L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995A&A...300L...9L).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Herbig_et_al_2001_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Herbig_et_al_2001_9-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Herbig_et_al_2001_9-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Herbig_et_al_2001_9-3) Herbig, G. H.; et al. (December 2001), "The 1993-1994 Activity of EX Lupi", *The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific*, **113** (790): 1547–1553, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2001PASP..113.1547H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PASP..113.1547H), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/324420](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F324420), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [121272736](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:121272736).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Herbig2007_10-0)** Herbig, G. H. (June 2007), "EX Lupi: History and Spectroscopy", *The Astronomical Journal*, **133** (6): 2679–2683, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2007AJ....133.2679H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AJ....133.2679H), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/517494](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F517494), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [54092631](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54092631).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Herbig1950_11-0)** Herbig, George H. (October 1950), "The Spectra of Five Irregular Variable Stars", *Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific*, **62** (367): 211, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1950PASP...62..211H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1950PASP...62..211H), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/126276](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F126276), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [123120946](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123120946).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-aavso_12-0)** ["Download Data"](https://www.aavso.org/data-download). *aavso.org*. AAVSO. Retrieved 1 October 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Jones2008_13-0)** Jones, A. F. A. L. (January 2008), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "EX Lupi", *Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams* (1217): 1, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2008CBET.1217....1J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008CBET.1217....1J).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ábrahám_et_al_2009_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ábrahám_et_al_2009_14-1) Ábrahám, P.; et al. (May 2009), "Episodic formation of cometary material in the outburst of a young Sun-like star", *Nature*, **459** (7244): 224–226, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[0906.3161](https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.3161), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009Natur.459..224A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009Natur.459..224A), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nature08004](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature08004), [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [19444209](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19444209), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [4426934](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4426934).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Aspin_et_al_2010_15-0)** Aspin, Colin; et al. (August 2010), "The 2008 Extreme Outburst of the Young Eruptive Variable Star EX Lupi", *The Astrophysical Journal Letters*, **719** (1): L50–L55, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1007.4178](https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.4178), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010ApJ...719L..50A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...719L..50A), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/2041-8205/719/1/L50](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F719%2F1%2FL50), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [2670001](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2670001).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Smith2025_16-0)** Smith, Sarah A.; Romero-Mirza, Carlos E.; Banzatti, Andrea; Rab, Christian; Ábrahám, Péter; Kóspál, Ágnes; Claes, Rik; Manara, Carlo F.; Öberg, Karin I.; Bouwman, Jeroen; de Miera, Fernando Cruz-Sáenz; Green, Joel D. (May 2025). ["JWST's Sharper View of EX Lup: Cold Water from Ice Sublimation during Accretion Outbursts"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fadcab8). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **984** (2): L51. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2504.13377](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.13377). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2025ApJ...984L..51S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025ApJ...984L..51S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/2041-8213/adcab8](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F2041-8213%2Fadcab8). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0004-637X](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-637X).

## Further reading

- White, J.; et al. (January 2021), "Radio Observations of EX Lupi's disk post-outburst", *Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society*, **53** (1), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021AAS...23722906W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021AAS...23722906W), 2021n1i229p06.

- White, Jacob Aaron; et al. (November 2020), "ALMA and VLA Observations of EX Lupi in Its Quiescent State", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **904** (1): 12, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2009.14216](https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14216), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020ApJ...904...37W](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020ApJ...904...37W), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/1538-4357/abbb94](https://doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fabbb94), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [222066744](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:222066744), 37.

- Rigliaco, E.; et al. (September 2020), "The circumstellar environment of EX Lupi: SPHERE and SINFONI views", *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **641**: 10, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2006.09787](https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09787), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2020A&A...641A..33R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...641A..33R), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202038337](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202038337), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [219720860](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219720860), A33.

- Banzatti, A.; et al. (January 2015), "Depletion of Molecular Gas by an Accretion Outburst in a Protoplanetary Disk", *The Astrophysical Journal Letters*, **798** (1): 6, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1412.1824](https://arxiv.org/abs/1412.1824), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015ApJ...798L..16B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApJ...798L..16B), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/2041-8205/798/1/L16](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F798%2F1%2FL16), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118659530](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118659530), L16.

- Kóspál, Á.; et al. (January 2014), "Radial velocity variations in the young eruptive star EX Lupi", *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **561**: 12, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1311.4177](https://arxiv.org/abs/1311.4177), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2014A&A...561A..61K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014A&A...561A..61K), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201322428](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201322428), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [21725545](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21725545), A61.

- Teets, William K.; et al. (November 2012), "Detection of a Cool, Accretion-shock-generated X-Ray Plasma in EX Lupi during the 2008 Optical Eruption", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **760** (1): 10, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1210.1250](https://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1250), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012ApJ...760...89T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...760...89T), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/89](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F760%2F1%2F89), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119196162](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119196162), 89.

- Sicilia-Aguilar, A.; et al. (August 2012), "Optical spectroscopy of EX Lupi during quiescence and outburst. Infall, wind, and dynamics in the accretion flow", *Astronomy & Astrophysics*, **544**: 48, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1206.3081](https://arxiv.org/abs/1206.3081), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012A&A...544A..93S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012A&A...544A..93S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201118555](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201118555), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [54667372](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54667372), A93.

- Banzatti, A.; et al. (January 2012), "EX Lupi from Quiescence to Outburst: Exploring the LTE Approach in Modeling Blended H2O and OH Mid-infrared Emission", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **745** (1): 16, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1111.2697](https://arxiv.org/abs/1111.2697), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2012ApJ...745...90B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ApJ...745...90B), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/90](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F745%2F1%2F90), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119191359](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119191359), 90.

- Kóspál, Á.; et al. (July 2011), "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of EX Lupi in Outburst", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **736** (1): 11, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1105.1287](https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.1287), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011ApJ...736...72K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...736...72K), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/72](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F736%2F1%2F72), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [53709972](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53709972), 72.

- Goto, M.; et al. (February 2011), "Fundamental Vibrational Transition of CO During the Outburst of EX Lupi in 2008", *The Astrophysical Journal*, **728** (1): 13, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1012.5301](https://arxiv.org/abs/1012.5301), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2011ApJ...728....5G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011ApJ...728....5G), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/5](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F728%2F1%2F5), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [41536954](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41536954), 5.

- Grosso, N.; et al. (November 2010), "A few days before the end of the 2008 extreme outburst of EX Lupi: accretion shocks and a smothered stellar corona unveiled by XMM-Newton", *Astronomy and Astrophysics*, **522**: 10, [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1007.2838](https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.2838), [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010A&A...522A..56G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010A&A...522A..56G), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/200913850](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F200913850), [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [55830181](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55830181), A56.

- Sipos, N.; et al. (October 2009), "Emission lines in EX Lup optical spectrum", *VizieR On-line Data Catalog: J/A+A/507/881*, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009yCat..35070881S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009yCat..35070881S), [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.26093/cds/vizier.35070881](https://doi.org/10.26093%2Fcds%2Fvizier.35070881).

- Patten, B. M. (July 1994), "Optical Spectroscopy and Photometry of EX Lupi", *Information Bulletin on Variable Stars*, **4049** (1): 1, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1994IBVS.4049....1P](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994IBVS.4049....1P).

- Jones, A. F.; et al. (May 1993), Green, D. W. E. (ed.), "EX LUPI", *IAU Circular* (2): 2, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1993IAUC.5791....2J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993IAUC.5791....2J).

- Herbig, G. H.; et al. (November 1992), "The Photometric Range of EX Lupi: a Correction to IBVS 3755", *Information Bulletin on Variable Stars*, **3808** (1): 1, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1992IBVS.3808....1H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992IBVS.3808....1H).

- Bateson, F. M.; et al. (1991), "Thirty-six years visual monitoring of the eruptive variable EX Lupi.", *Publications of Variable Star Section*, **16**, Royal Astronomical Society of New Zealand -: 49–65, [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1991PVSS...16...49B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991PVSS...16...49B).

v t e Constellation of Lupus List of stars in Lupus Lupus in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Uridim) β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν1 ν2 ξ ο π ρ σ τ1 τ2 υ φ1 φ2 χ ψ1 ψ2 ω Flamsteed 1 (i) 2 (f) Variable RU EX GG GQ HR II IL IM KT (d) V407 V462 HR 5362 5364 5401 5651 (e) 5724 (k) 5825 (g) 5943 5967 HD 134004 135344 136164 141943 142527 143811 Other Gliese 588 HIP 70849 Lupus-TR-3 SSSPM J1549−3544 WASP-132 Exoplanets GQ Lupi b HIP 70849 b Lupus-TR-3b WASP-178b Star clusters NGC 5749 NGC 5822 NGC 5824 NGC 5927 NGC 5986 Nebulae IC 4406 NGC 5882 Galaxies IC 4444 NGC 5530 NGC 5643 Astronomical events SN 1006 Category

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