# EASA pilot licensing > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/EASA_pilot_licensing > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/EASA_pilot_licensing.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EASA_pilot_licensing > Source revision: 1227243286 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "EASA pilot licensing" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Aviation in the [European Union](/source/European_Union) and the [European Free Trade Association](/source/European_Free_Trade_Association) is regulated by the [European Union Aviation Safety Agency](/source/European_Union_Aviation_Safety_Agency) (EASA). EASA specifies common standards for the licensing of [aircraft pilots](/source/Aircraft_pilot). EASA does not issue licences, rather licences are issued by member states.[1] However, because the same standards are used, EASA licences are recognised by all member states. Flight Crew Licensing is regulated by the document EU Part-FCL.[2] ## Licences The most basic licence is the [Light Aircraft Pilot Licence](/source/Light_Aircraft_Pilot_Licence) (LAPL). Separate licences are issued for aeroplanes, helicopters, sailplanes and balloons.[1] This is not a standard [ICAO](/source/ICAO) licence. [Private Pilot Licences](/source/Private_Pilot_Licence) are issued for aeroplanes (PPL(A)) and helicopters (PPL(H)). The SPL is issued for sailplanes (gliders) and the BPL for balloons.[1] A [Commercial Pilot Licence](/source/Commercial_Pilot_Licence) (CPL) allows a pilot to fly for remuneration, and to fly in commercial air transport operations as co-pilot, or pilot-in-command of single-pilot aircraft. An [Airline Transport Pilot Licence](/source/Airline_Transport_Pilot_Licence) (ATPL) allows a pilot to fly as pilot-in-command of multi-pilot aircraft in [commercial air transport](/source/Airline) operations. It requires fourteen theoretical exams with a mandatory ground-school course. EASA also issues the [Multi-crew Pilot Licence](/source/Multi-crew_pilot_licence) (MPL). This allows a pilot to fly as co-pilot in a multi-crew aircraft. It can be upgraded to a CPL or ATPL with further training. ## Ratings A [type rating](/source/Type_rating) or [class rating](/source/Class_rating) is necessary to fly a particular type or class of aircraft. ### Instrument rating An [Instrument Rating](/source/Instrument_Rating) permits a pilot to fly in [Instrument Meteorological Conditions](/source/Instrument_Meteorological_Conditions) (IMC). The competency-based instrument rating is obtained with a reduced training course, but it cannot be used on high-performance aircraft. The en-route instrument rating permits the pilot to fly in IMC only during the en-route phase of the flight, not during take-off or landing.[1] An EASA instrument rating can only be issued after acclimatisation flying in EU airspace and a skill test in EU airspace.[3] ### Night rating A Night Rating permits a pilot to fly at night.[1] ## Certificates A [multi-crew cooperation](/source/Multi-crew_cooperation) (MCC) certificate and an [advanced upset prevention and recovery training](/source/UPRT) (UPRT) certificate are required to start a multi-crew type rating. An MCC certificate is also required for the issuance of an ATPL. ## Conversion It is possible to convert air crew licences issued by other ICAO member states ("third countries") to an EASA licence. The applicant must have a valid third country licence and valid medical certificate. They must also hold a valid EASA medical certificate. They must pass all fourteen EASA theoretical exams. They must pass a radiotelephony exam, and an English language test. ### CPL Holders of a foreign CPL must take a theory course before sitting the theoretical exams. ### ATPL Holders of a foreign ATPL are exempt from the requirement to take a theory course before sitting the theoretical exams. As long as the applicant meets the experience requirements, it is possible to take a flight test immediately with no flight training required. ### Instrument rating To convert a third country instrument rating, the flight test must take place in EU airspace, and must be preceded by acclimatisation flying in EU airspace.[4] ## See also - [Pilot licensing and certification](/source/Pilot_licensing_and_certification) - [Joint Aviation Authorities](/source/Joint_Aviation_Authorities) ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GA_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GA_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GA_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GA_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GA_1-4) ["Licensing for General Aviation"](https://www.easa.europa.eu/domains/general-aviation/licensing-general-aviation). *EASA*. Retrieved 23 February 2022. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Part-FCL_2-0)** ["EASA Part-FCL"](https://web.archive.org/web/20230126105038/https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Part-FCL.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Part-FCL.pdf) (PDF) on 26 January 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Part_ORA.ATO.150_3-0)** ["Part ORA.ATO.150"](https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/Part-ORA.pdf) (PDF). EASA. Retrieved 15 March 2022. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-IAA_IR_4-0)** [https://www.iaa.ie/personnel-licensing/pilot-licences-(eu-regulations)/licensing-faq/faqs---pilot-licensing](https://www.iaa.ie/personnel-licensing/pilot-licences-(eu-regulations)/licensing-faq/faqs---pilot-licensing) ## External links - [Official website](https://www.easa.europa.eu/) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [EASA pilot licensing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EASA_pilot_licensing) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EASA_pilot_licensing?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.