# Dystenoid

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A '''dystenoid''' nervous system is an arrangement of [ganglia](/source/ganglion) in the anterior region of some [mollusc](/source/mollusc)s where the cerebral and pleural ganglia are situated closer to each other than they are in those molluscs with the more archaic [hypoathroid](/source/hypoathroid) nervous system, but still further apart than those animals with an evolutionarily more recent [epiathroid](/source/epiathroid) nervous system.<ref name="Lankester1906">{{cite book|author=Edwin Ray Lankester|title=A treatise on zoology|url=https://archive.org/details/atreatiseonzool06lankgoog|accessdate=12 August 2015|year=1906|publisher=A. and C. Black|page=[https://archive.org/details/atreatiseonzool06lankgoog/page/n124 112]}}</ref>

Examples of animals having dystenoid systems include ''[Macleaniella moskalevi](/source/Macleaniella_moskalevi)'', ''[Teuthirustria cancellata](/source/Teuthirustria_cancellata)'', and ''[Fedikofella caymanensis](/source/Fedikofella_caymanensis)'' (weakly dystenoid in all three). These are deep sea [limpet](/source/limpet)s belonging to the superfamily [Cocculinoidea](/source/Cocculinoidea).<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Ellen|last1=Strong|first2=M.G.| last2=Harasewych| first3=Gerhard| last3=Haszprunar|journal=Invertebrate Biology|volume = 122| issue=2| pages=114–125|date=2003| publisher=American Microscopical Society| title=Plylogeny of the Cocculinoidea (Mollusca, Gastropoda)| doi=10.1111/j.1744-7410.2003.tb00077.x|bibcode=2003InvBi.122..114S |citeseerx=10.1.1.495.4290}}</ref>

==References==
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Category:Mollusc anatomy

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