# Drug overdose

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Use of an excessive amount of a drug

"Overdose" and "Drug poisoning" redirect here. For other uses, see [Overdose (disambiguation)](/source/Overdose_(disambiguation)).

Medical condition

Drug overdose Other names Overdose, OD, hotshot, wasted, intoxication, gassed, medicinal poisoning A photograph depicting a person who had overdosed Specialty Toxicology, emergency medicine Symptoms Vary depending on the drug and the amount used Commonly: Hematemesis, Seizures, Pale skin Complications Neurological damage Heart failure Liver failure Stroke Coma Brain death Causes Miscalculation Misjudgement Peer pressure Addiction Depression Anxiety Suicidal ideation Physical pain Stress Risk factors Trauma Physical abuse Sexual abuse Child abuse Bullying Intravenous drug use Differential diagnosis Pulmonary aspiration Foreign body aspiration Heart attack Epilepsy Treatment Activated charcoal Stomach pump Antidotes

A **drug overdose** (**overdose** or **OD**) is the [ingestion](/source/Ingestion) or application of a [drug](/source/Drug) or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended.[1][2] Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result.[1] An overdose may result in a [toxic state](/source/Toxicity) or [death](/source/Death).[2]

## Classification

The word "overdose" implies that there is a common safe dosage and usage for the drug; therefore, the term is commonly applied only to drugs, not [poisons](/source/Poison), even though many poisons as well are harmless at a low enough dosage. Drug overdose is sometimes used as a means to commit [suicide](/source/Suicide), as the result of intentional or unintentional misuse of [medication](/source/Medication). Intentional misuse leading to overdose can include using prescribed or non-prescribed drugs in excessive quantities in an attempt to produce [euphoria](/source/Euphoria).

Usage of [illicit drugs](/source/Illicit_drugs), in large quantities, or after a period of drug [abstinence](/source/Abstinence) can also induce overdose. [Cocaine](/source/Cocaine) and [opioid](/source/Opioid) users who [inject intravenously](/source/Injection_(medicine)#Intravenous) can easily overdose accidentally, as the margin between a pleasurable drug sensation and an overdose is small.[3] Unintentional misuse can include errors in dosage caused by failure to read or understand product labels. Accidental overdoses may also be the result of over-prescription, failure to recognize a drug's active ingredient or unwitting ingestion by children.[4] A common unintentional overdose in young children involves [multivitamins](/source/Multivitamin) containing [iron](/source/Iron).

The term 'overdose' is often misused as a descriptor for [adverse drug reactions](/source/Adverse_drug_reaction) or negative [drug interactions](/source/Drug_interaction) due to [mixing multiple drugs simultaneously](/source/Polypharmacy).

## Signs and symptoms

Signs and symptoms of an overdose vary depending on the drug, its ingredients, the amount consumed, and exposure to [toxins](/source/Toxin). The symptoms can often be divided into differing [toxidromes](/source/Toxidrome). This can help one determine what class of drug or toxin is causing the difficulties.

Symptoms of [opioid](/source/Opioid) overdoses include slow breathing, heart rate and pulse.[5] Opioid overdoses can also cause pinpoint pupils, and blue lips and nails due to low levels of [oxygen](/source/Oxygen) in the blood. A person experiencing an [opioid overdose](/source/Opioid_overdose) might also have muscle spasms, [seizures](/source/Seizures) and decreased consciousness. A person experiencing an opiate overdose usually will not wake up, even if their name is called or they are shaken vigorously.

## Causes

The [drugs](/source/Psychoactive_drug) or [toxins](/source/Toxin) that are most frequently involved in overdose and death (grouped by [ICD-10](/source/ICD-10)):

- [Acute alcohol intoxication](/source/Acute_alcohol_intoxication) (F10) - [Ethyl alcohol](/source/Ethanol) ([alcohol](/source/Alcohol_(drug))) - [Methanol poisoning](/source/Methanol_poisoning) - [Ethylene glycol poisoning](/source/Ethylene_glycol_poisoning)

- [Opioid overdose](/source/Opioid_overdose) (F11)

- Among [sedative](/source/Sedative)-[hypnotics](/source/Hypnotic) (F13) - [Barbiturate overdose](/source/Barbiturate_overdose) (T42.3) - [Benzodiazepine overdose](/source/Benzodiazepine_overdose) (T42.4) - Uncategorized sedative-hypnotics (T42.6) - [Ethchlorvynol](/source/Ethchlorvynol) (Placidyl) - [GHB](/source/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid) - [Glutethimide](/source/Glutethimide) (Doriden) - [Methaqualone](/source/Methaqualone) - [Ketamine](/source/Ketamine) (T41.2)

- Among [stimulants](/source/Stimulant) (F14-F15) - [Cocaine overdose](/source/Cocaine_overdose) (T40.5) - [Amphetamine overdose](/source/Amphetamine#Overdose) (T43.6) - [Methamphetamine overdose](/source/Methamphetamine#Overdose) (T43.6)

- Among [tobacco](/source/Tobacco) (F17) - [Nicotine poisoning](/source/Nicotine_poisoning) (T65.2)

- Among [poly drug use](/source/Poly_drug_use) (F19) - Drug "cocktails" ([speedballs](/source/Speedball_(drug)))

- Medications - [Aspirin poisoning](/source/Aspirin_poisoning) (T39.0) - [Paracetamol poisoning](/source/Paracetamol_poisoning) (Alone or mixed with oxycodone) - [Paracetamol toxicity](/source/Paracetamol_toxicity) (T39.1) - [Tricyclic antidepressant overdose](/source/Tricyclic_antidepressant_overdose) (T43.0) - [Vitamin poisoning](/source/Vitamin_poisoning)

- [Pesticide poisoning](/source/Pesticide_poisoning) (T60) - [Organophosphate poisoning](/source/Organophosphate_poisoning) - [DDT](/source/DDT#Effects_on_human_health)

- [Inhalants](/source/Inhalant)

- [Lithium toxicity](/source/Lithium_toxicity)

### Added flavoring

Masking undesired taste may impair judgement of the [potency](/source/Potency_(pharmacology)), which is a factor in overdosing. For example, [lean](/source/Lean_(drug)) is usually created as a drinkable mixture, the cough syrup is combined with soft drinks, especially fruit-flavored drinks such as [Sprite](/source/Sprite_(drink)), [Mountain Dew](/source/Mountain_Dew) or [Fanta](/source/Fanta), and is typically served in a [foam cup](/source/Foam_cup).[6][7] A hard candy, usually a [Jolly Rancher](/source/Jolly_Rancher), may be added to give the mixture a sweeter flavor.[8]

## Diagnosis

The substance that has been taken may often be determined by asking the person. However, if they will not, or cannot, due to an [altered level of consciousness](/source/Altered_level_of_consciousness), provide this information, a search of the home or questioning of friends and family may be helpful.

Examination for [toxidromes](/source/Toxidrome), drug testing, or laboratory test may be helpful. Other laboratory test such as [glucose](/source/Glucose), [urea](/source/Urea) and [electrolytes](/source/Electrolyte), [paracetamol](/source/Paracetamol) levels and [salicylate](/source/Salicylate) levels are typically done. Negative drug-drug interactions have sometimes been misdiagnosed as an acute drug overdose, occasionally leading to the assumption of [suicide](/source/Suicide).[9]

Toxidromes[10] Symptoms Blood Pressure Heart rate Respiratory Rate Temperature Pupils Bowel Sounds Diaphoresis Anticholinergic ~ [clarification needed] up ~ up dilated down down Cholinergic ~ ~ unchanged unchanged constricted up up Opioid down down down down constricted down down Sympathomimetic up up up up dilated up up Sedative-hypnotic down down down down ~ down down

## Prevention

The distribution of [naloxone](/source/Naloxone) to [injection drug users](/source/Injection_drug_users) and other [opioid](/source/Opioid) drug users decreases the risk of death from overdose.[11] The [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/source/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) (CDC) estimates that U.S. programs for drug users and their caregivers prescribing take-home doses of naloxone and training on its utilization are estimated to have prevented 10,000 opioid overdose deaths.[12] Healthcare institution-based naloxone prescription programs have also helped reduce rates of opioid overdose in the [U.S. state](/source/U.S._state) of North Carolina, and have been replicated in the U.S. military.[13][14] Nevertheless, scale-up of healthcare-based opioid overdose interventions is limited by providers' insufficient knowledge and negative attitudes towards prescribing take-home naloxone to prevent opioid overdose.[15] Programs training police and fire personnel in opioid overdose response using naloxone have also shown promise in the U.S.[16]

[Supervised injection sites](/source/Supervised_injection_site) (also known as overdose prevention centers) have been used to help prevent drug overdoses by offering opioid reversal medications such as naloxone, medical assistance and treatment options. They also provide clean needles to help prevent the spread of diseases like [HIV/AIDS](/source/HIV%2FAIDS) and [hepatitis](/source/Hepatitis).[17][18][19][20]

## Management

[Activated charcoal](/source/Activated_charcoal) is a commonly used agent for [decontamination](/source/Decontamination) of the [gastrointestinal tract](/source/Human_gastrointestinal_tract) in overdoses.

Stabilization of the person's airway, breathing, and circulation ([ABCs](/source/ABC_(medicine))) is the initial treatment of an overdose. Ventilation is considered when there is a low respiratory rate or when [blood gases](/source/Blood_gases) show the person to be [hypoxic](/source/Hypoxia_(medical)). Monitoring of the patient should continue before and throughout the treatment process, with particular attention to temperature, [pulse](/source/Pulse), [respiratory rate](/source/Respiratory_rate), [blood pressure](/source/Blood_pressure), urine output, [electrocardiography](/source/Electrocardiography) (ECG) and O2 saturation.[21] [Poison control centers](/source/Poison_control_center) and [medical toxicologists](/source/Medical_toxicology) are available in many areas to provide guidance in overdoses both to physicians and to the general public.

### Antidotes

Specific [antidotes](/source/Antidote) are available for certain overdoses. For example, [naloxone](/source/Naloxone) is the antidote for [opiates](/source/Opiate) such as [heroin](/source/Heroin) or [morphine](/source/Morphine). Similarly, [benzodiazepine](/source/Benzodiazepine) overdoses may be effectively reversed with [flumazenil](/source/Flumazenil). As a nonspecific antidote, [activated charcoal](/source/Activated_charcoal) is frequently recommended if available within one hour of the ingestion and the ingestion is significant.[22] [Gastric lavage](/source/Gastric_lavage), [syrup of ipecac](/source/Syrup_of_ipecac), and [whole bowel irrigation](/source/Whole_bowel_irrigation) are rarely used.[22]

## Epidemiology and statistics

Further information: [US drug overdose death rates and totals over time](/source/US_drug_overdose_death_rates_and_totals_over_time)

Bar chart below: Overdose or drug-related death rate per 1 million population (unadjusted), 2022, by country or region.[23]

In the US around 77,600 people died in the 12-month period ending March 31, 2025, at a rate of 213 deaths per day. The peak was around 110,900 in 2022. The U.S. drug overdose death rate has gone from 2.5 per 100,000 people in 1968 to the peak rate of 33.2 per 100,000 in 2022.[24][25]

**1,015,060** US residents died from drug overdoses from 1968 to 2019. 22 people out of every 100,000 died from drug overdoses in 2019 in the US.[25] From 1999 to Feb 2019 in the United States, more than 770,000 people have died from drug overdoses.[26] 70,630 people died from drug overdoses in 2019.[27]

The [National Center for Health Statistics](/source/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics) reports that 19,250 people died of accidental poisoning in the U.S. in the year 2004 (eight deaths per 100,000 population).[28]

In 2008 testimony before a Senate subcommittee, Leonard J. Paulozzi,[29] a medical epidemiologist at the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/source/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention) said that in 2005 more than 22,000 American people died due to overdoses, and the number is growing rapidly. Paulozzi also testified that all available evidence suggests unintentional overdose deaths are related to the increasing use of prescription drugs, especially [opioid](/source/Opioid) painkillers.[30] However, the vast majority of overdoses are also attributable to [alcohol](/source/Alcohol_(drug)). It is very rare for a victim of an overdose to have consumed just one drug. Most overdoses occur when drugs are ingested in combination with alcohol.[31]

Drug overdose was the leading cause of injury death in 2013. Among people 25 to 64 years old, drug overdose caused more deaths than motor vehicle traffic crashes. There were 43,982 drug overdose deaths in the United States in 2013. Of these, 22,767 (51.8%) were related to prescription drugs.[32]

The 22,767 deaths relating to prescription drug overdose in 2013, 16,235 (71.3%) involved opioid painkillers, and 6,973 (30.6%) involved [benzodiazepines](/source/Benzodiazepines). Drug misuse and abuse caused about 2.5 million emergency department (ED) visits in 2011. Of these, more than 1.4 million ED visits were related to prescription drugs. Among those ED visits, 501,207 visits were related to anti-anxiety and insomnia medications, and 420,040 visits were related to opioid analgesics.[33]

New CDC data in 2024 demonstrates U.S. drug overdose deaths have significantly declined, marking the potential for the first year with fewer than 100,000 fatalities since 2020.[34] The CDC data shows a nearly 17% drop in reported overdose deaths during the 12 months ending in June, totaling 93,087.[35] This is a notable decrease from the 111,615 deaths recorded in the same period ending in June 2023. While the opioid crisis continues to take a heavy toll, fentanyl remains a major driver, contributing to the majority of these fatalities.[36]

		- U.S. yearly overdose deaths from all drugs.[27]

		- US yearly overdose deaths, and the drugs involved. Among the 70,200 deaths in 2017, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to [fentanyl](/source/Fentanyl) and fentanyl analogs ([synthetic opioids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Synthetic_opioids)) with 28,466 deaths.[27]

		- U.S. yearly overdose deaths involving [benzodiazepines](/source/Benzodiazepines).[27]

		- U.S. yearly overdose deaths involving [cocaine](/source/Cocaine).[27]

		- U.S. yearly deaths involving prescription opioids. [Non-methadone synthetics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Synthetic_opioids) is a category dominated by illegally acquired [fentanyl](/source/Fentanyl), and has been excluded.[27]

		- U.S. overdose deaths involving all [opioids](/source/Opioids). Deaths per 100,000 population.[37]

		- U.S. yearly overdose deaths involving [heroin](/source/Heroin).[27]

		- Timeline of US drug overdose death rates by race and ethnicity.[38] Rate per 100,000 population.

## See also

- [27 Club](/source/27_Club) – Notional club occupied by those who died at age 27

- [Adulterants](/source/Adulterants) – Substance that has been secretly addedPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

- [Brandon Vedas](/source/Brandon_Vedas) – 2003 drug overdose deathPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

- [Drug checking](/source/Drug_checking) – Harm reduction technique

- [Drug interactions](/source/Drug_interactions) – Change in the action or side effects of a drug causedPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets

- [Hepatotoxicity](/source/Hepatotoxicity) – Liver damage caused by a drug or chemical

- [List of deaths from drug overdose and intoxication](/source/List_of_deaths_from_drug_overdose_and_intoxication)

- [List of investigational substance-related disorder drugs](/source/List_of_investigational_substance-related_disorder_drugs)

- [Reagent testing](/source/Reagent_testing) – Tests for authentication of psychoactive drugs, and detection of adulterants

- [Responsible drug use](/source/Responsible_drug_use) – Use of drugs in a responsible manner

- [Suicide methods § Drug overdose](/source/Suicide_methods#Drug_overdose)

- [Water intoxication](/source/Water_intoxication) – Potentially fatal overhydration

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-countries_23-0)** Gumas, Evan D. (January 9, 2025). ["U.S. Overdose Deaths Remain Higher Than in Other Countries — Trend-Tracking and Harm-Reduction Policies Could Help"](https://www.commonwealthfund.org/blog/2025/us-overdose-deaths-remain-higher-other-countries-trend-tracking-and-harm-reduction). *www.commonwealthfund.org*. [The Commonwealth Fund](/source/The_Commonwealth_Fund).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CDC-provisional_24-0)** [Products - Vital Statistics Rapid Release - Provisional Drug Overdose Data](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm). [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/source/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention). Hover cursor over the end of the graph in Figure 1A to get the latest number. Scroll down the page and click on the dropdown data table called "Data Table for Figure 1a. 12 Month-ending Provisional Counts of Drug Overdose Deaths". The number used is the "predicted value" for the 12 month period that is ending at the end of that month. That number changes as more info comes in. If there are problems use a different browser.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cdc_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cdc_25-1) Data is from these **saved tables** from CDC Wonder at the [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/source/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention), [National Center for Health Statistics](/source/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics). The tables have totals, rates, and US populations per year. - **1968-1978 data:** [Compressed Mortality File 1968-1978](https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/saved/D74/D72F578). CDC WONDER Online Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File CMF 1968-1988, Series 20, No. 2A, 2000. Accessed at [http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd8.html](https://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd8.html) on March 13, 2021, 5:04:32 PM. - **1979-1998 data:** [Compressed Mortality File 1979-1998](https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/saved/D16/D72F579). CDC WONDER On-line Database, compiled from Compressed Mortality File CMF 1968-1988, Series 20, No. 2A, 2000 and CMF 1989-1998, Series 20, No. 2E, 2003. Accessed at [http://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd9.html](https://wonder.cdc.gov/cmf-icd9.html) on March 13, 2021, 5:19:27 PM. - **1999-2019 data:** [Multiple Cause of Death 1999-2019](https://wonder.cdc.gov/controller/saved/D77/D72F580). CDC WONDER Online Database, released in 2020. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2019, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at [http://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html](https://wonder.cdc.gov/mcd-icd10.html) on March 13, 2021, 5:05:13 PM.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CDC-statcast_26-0)** [STATCAST—Week of September 9, 2019. NCHS Releases New Monthly Provisional Estimates on Drug Overdose Deaths](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/podcasts/20190911/20190911.htm). [National Center for Health Statistics](/source/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-NIDA-deaths_27-6) [Overdose Death Rates](http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates). And [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151128091723/http://www.drugabuse.gov/related-topics/trends-statistics/overdose-death-rates) 2015-11-28 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine). By [National Institute on Drug Abuse](/source/National_Institute_on_Drug_Abuse).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** [Referral Page—FASTSTATS—Accidents or Unintentional Injuries](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/acc-inj.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170715221935/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/acc-inj.htm) July 15, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved on September 20, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** [CDC Expert, Leonard J. Paulozzi, MD, MPH](https://www.cdc.gov/media/subtopic/sme/paulozzi.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140220063006/http://www.cdc.gov/media/subtopic/sme/paulozzi.htm) February 20, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved on September 20, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** [CDC Washington Testimony March 5, 2008](https://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/2008/t20080312a.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170715204919/https://www.cdc.gov/washington/testimony/2008/t20080312a.htm) July 15, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) Retrieved on September 20, 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["The Persistent, Dangerous Myth of Heroin Overdose"](http://www.peele.net/lib/heroinoverdose.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150323005132/http://www.peele.net/lib/heroinoverdose.html) March 23, 2015, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Understanding the Epidemic | Drug Overdose | CDC Injury Center"](https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170909011619/https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/epidemic/index.html) September 9, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Prescription Opioid Overdose Data | Drug Overdose | CDC Injury Center"](https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/overdose.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170118060815/https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/overdose.html) January 18, 2017, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Facher, Lev (November 13, 2024). ["U.S. drug overdose deaths on pace to fall below 100,000 this year"](https://www.statnews.com/2024/11/13/overdose-deaths-decline-cdc-reports-under-100-thousand-fatalities/?utm_campaign=pharmalittle&utm_medium=email&_hsenc=p2ANqtz--rTTYZjsEaai3ff1gKOGAT5nVEQ1kG2cWMTIfcEXF2n5qmZsgI8WKof5HYT5UnK3DKjrhwllr37szs3S-qanDc8yvMDg&_hsmi=333935728&utm_content=333935728). *STAT*. Retrieved November 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Products - Data Briefs - Number 491 - March 2024"](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db491.htm). *www.cdc.gov*. March 19, 2024. Retrieved November 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["CDC says US drug overdose deaths have declined"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c8ek5l04yy7o). *www.bbc.com*. November 15, 2024. Retrieved November 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CDC-opioids_37-0)** [Opioid Data Analysis and Resources. Drug Overdose. CDC Injury Center](https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/analysis.html). [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention](/source/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention). Click on "Rising Rates" tab for a graph. See data table below the graph.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NCHS_38-0)** [NCHS Data Visualization Gallery—Drug Poisoning Mortality](https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/drug-poisoning-mortality). From [National Center for Health Statistics](/source/National_Center_for_Health_Statistics). Open the dashboard dropdown menu and pick "U.S. Trends". From the menus on the right pick all races, all ages, and both sexes. Run your cursor over the graph to see the data.

## Further reading

- Nelson, Lewis H.; Flomenbaum, Neal; Goldfrank, Lewis R.; Hoffman, Robert Louis; Howland, Mary Deems; Neal A. Lewin (2015). *Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies*. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-07-143763-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-143763-9).

- Olson, Kent C. (2004). [*Poisoning & drug overdose*](https://archive.org/details/poisoningdrugove00olso). New York: Lange Medical Mooks/McGraw-Hill. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-8385-8172-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8385-8172-2).

## External links

**Drug overdose**  at Wikipedia's [sister projects](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects)

- [Definitions](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/overdose) from Wiktionary
- [Media](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Drug_overdose) from Commons
- [Data](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105993844) from Wikidata

Classification D ICD-10: T36-T50 ICD-9-CM: 960-979 MeSH: D062787 DiseasesDB: 3971

v t e Recreational drug use Major recreational drugs Depressants Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Carbamates Ethanol (alcohol) Alcoholic beverage Beer Wine Gabapentinoids GHB Inhalants Medical Nitrous oxide (recreational use) Hazardous solvents contact adhesives Gasoline nail polish remover Paint thinner Other Freon Kava Nonbenzodiazepines Quinazolinones Quaaludes Opioids Buprenorphine Suboxone Subutex Codeine Lean Desomorphine Krokodil Dextropropoxyphene Darvocet Darvon Fentanyl Diamorphine Heroin Hydrocodone Hydromorphone Dilaudid Methadone Mitragyna speciosa Kratom Morphine Opium Oxycodone /paracetamol Tramadol Stimulants Amphetamine Arecoline Areca Betel Caffeine Coffee Energy drinks Tea Cathinone Khat Cocaine Coca Cocaine paste Crack Ephedrine Ephedra MDPV Mephedrone Methamphetamine Methylone Methylphenidate Modafinil Nicotine Polacrilex Salt Tobacco Theobromine Cocoa Chocolate Entactogens 2C series 6-APB Benzofury AMT MDA MDMA Ecstasy Molly Hallucinogens Psychedelics 2C-B 25I-NBOMe 4-AcO-DMT 5-MeO-DMT Psychoactive toads Bufotenin Vilca Yopo DMT Ayahuasca LSA and iso-LSA Morning glory Ergot LSD Mescaline Peruvian torch Peyote San Pedro Psilocybin and psilocin Psilocybin mushrooms Dissociatives DXM (recreational use) Inhalants Nitrous oxide (recreational use) Ketamine MXE PCP Deliriants Atropine and Scopolamine Atropa belladonna Datura Hyoscyamus niger Mandragora officinarum Dimenhydrinate Diphenhydramine Cannabinoids THC Cannabis (Marijuana) Hashish Hash oil Synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 APICA APINACA Spice Others Ibogaine Tabernanthe iboga Muscimol Amanita muscaria Oneirogens Calea zacatechichi Silene capensis Salvinorin A Salvia divinorum Drug culture Cannabis culture 420 Cannabis consumption Cannabis cultivation Cannabis edible Cannabis rights Cannabis rights leaders List of cannabis rights organizations Cannabis smoking Cannabis Social Club Cannabis tea Cannabis vaping Head shop Legal history of cannabis in the United States Legality of cannabis Marijuana Policy Project Medical cannabis Mushroom edible NORML Cannabis and religion Stoner film Coffee culture Coffee break Coffeehouse Latte art Teahouse Drinking culture Bartending Beer culture Beer festival Binge drinking Diethyl ether Drinking games Drinking song Happy hour Hip flask Nightclub Oktoberfest Pub Pub crawl Sommelier Sports bar Tailgate party Wine bar Wine tasting Psychedelia Psychonautics Art Drug Era Experience Literature Music Microdosing Smart shop Therapy Trip report Smoking culture Cigarette card Fashion cigarettes Cloud-chasing Loosie Smokeasy Smoking fetishism Tobacco smoking Other Chasing the dragon Club drug Counterculture of the 1960s Dance party Drug paraphernalia Drug tourism Entheogen Hippie Needle sharing Nootropic Party and play Poly drug use Rave Religion and drugs Self-medication Sex and drugs Urban legends about drugs Whoonga Legality of drug use International International drug control conventions 1961 Narcotic Drugs 1971 Psychotropic Substances 1988 Drug Trafficking Other treaties addressing drugs Law of the Sea Convention Convention Against Doping Council of the European Union decisions on designer drugs State level Drug policy Decriminalization Legalization Prohibition Regulation Supply reduction Policy reform Demand reduction Drug Policy Alliance Harm reduction Law Enforcement Action Partnership Liberalization Latin America Students for Sensible Drug Policy Drug policy by country Australia Canada China Czech Republic Germany India Laos Netherlands Philippines Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia South Korea Soviet Union Sweden Switzerland United States Just Say No Office of National Drug Control Policy School district drug policies California Colorado Maryland Oregon Virginia United Kingdom Drug legality Alcohol legality Anabolic steroid legality Cannabis legality Cocaine legality Methamphetamine legality Psilocybin decriminalization in the U.S. Psilocybin mushrooms legality Salvia legality Other Arguments for and against drug prohibition Cannabis rights Capital punishment for drug trafficking Cognitive liberty Designer drug Drug court Drug possession Drug test Narc Politics of drug abuse War on drugs Mexican drug war Plan Colombia Philippine drug war Zero tolerance Other Drug production and trade Drug production Coca production in Colombia Drug precursors Opium production in Afghanistan Rolling meth lab Government drug experiments MKUltra Edgewood Arsenal human experiments Operation Midnight Climax Drug trade Illegal drug trade Afghanistan Aruba Australia Bangladesh Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Brazil Burma Cambodia Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Cyprus Dominican Republic El Salvador Estonia Finland Germany Haiti Honduras India Indian Ocean region Iran Italy Japan Kenya Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Laos Latin America Latvia Malaysia Mauritius Moldova Nigeria Norway Oman Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Philippines Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Russia Saint Kitts and Nevis Seychelles Slovakia South Africa South Korea Spain Suriname Switzerland Taiwan Thailand Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands United Arab Emirates United States Venezuela Darknet market Online illicit drug vendor Pharmaceutical distribution Beer shop Cannabis shop Liquor store Liquor license Issues with drug use Abuse Addiction Date rape drug Dependence Driving impaired Drug harmfulness Effects of cannabis Drug-related crime Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder Long-term effects of cannabis Neurotoxicity Overdose Passive smoking of tobacco or other substances Harm reduction Drug checking Drug legalization Drug rehabilitation Needle and syringe programmes Opioid replacement therapy Pharmacovigilance Reagent testing Regulation of therapeutic goods Responsible drug use Substance abuse prevention Supervised injection site Trip killer Countries by drug use Alcohol consumption Cocaine use Cannabis Annual use Lifetime use Opiates use Tobacco consumption Other Psilocybin therapy

v t e Psychoactive substance-related disorders General SID Substance intoxication / Drug overdose Substance-induced psychosis Withdrawal: Neonatal withdrawal Post-acute-withdrawal syndrome (PAWS) SUD Substance abuse / Substance-related disorders Physical dependence / Psychological dependence / Substance dependence Combined substance use SUD Polysubstance dependence SID Combined drug intoxication (CDI) Alcohol SID Cardiovascular diseases Alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) Alcohol flush reaction (AFR) Gastrointestinal diseases Alcoholic liver disease (ALD): Alcoholic hepatitis Zieve's syndrome Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) Endocrine diseases Alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) Nervous system diseases Alcohol-related dementia (ARD) Alcohol intoxication Hangover Neurological disorders Alcoholic hallucinosis Alcoholic polyneuropathy Alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS): Alcoholic hallucinosis Delirium tremens (DTs) Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) Korsakoff syndrome (KS) Marchiafava–Bignami disease (MBD) Positional alcohol nystagmus (PAN) Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) Respiratory tract diseases Alcohol-induced respiratory reactions Alcoholic lung disease SUD Alcoholism (alcohol use disorder (AUD)) Binge drinking Caffeine SID Caffeine-induced anxiety disorder Caffeine-induced psychosis Caffeine-induced sleep disorder Caffeinism Caffeine withdrawal SUD Caffeine dependence Cannabis SID Cannabis arteritis Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) SUD Cannabis use disorder (CUD) Synthetic cannabinoid use disorder Cocaine SID Cocaine intoxication Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) SUD Cocaine dependence Hallucinogen SID Acute intoxication from hallucinogens (bad trip) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD) Nicotine SID Nicotine poisoning Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) Nicotine withdrawal SUD Nicotine dependence Opioids SID Opioid overdose Opioid withdrawal Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) Opioid-induced endocrinopathy (OIE) Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) SUD Opioid use disorder (OUD) Sedative / hypnotic SID Kindling (sedative–hypnotic withdrawal) benzodiazepine: SID Benzodiazepine overdose Benzodiazepine withdrawal SUD Benzodiazepine use disorder (BUD) Benzodiazepine dependence barbiturate: SID Barbiturate overdose SUD Barbiturate dependence Stimulants SID Stimulant psychosis amphetamine: SUD Amphetamine dependence Volatile solvent SID Sudden sniffing death syndrome (SSDS) Toluene toxicity Inhalant withdrawal SUD Chronic solvent-induced encephalopathy Inhalant abuse Related Anabolic-androgenic steroids SUD Anabolic-androgenic steroids abuse Cannabis Amotivational syndrome Chocolate Chocoholic Cocaine Cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions Levamisole induced necrosis syndrome Methamphetamine Meth mouth

v t e Poisoning Toxicity Overdose Poison History Inorganic Metals Toxic metals Beryllium Cadmium Lead Mercury Nickel Thallium Tin Dietary minerals Chromium Cobalt Copper Iron Manganese Zinc Other non-toxic metals Silver1 Metalloids Arsenic Nonmetals Sulfuric acid Selenium Chlorine Fluoride Organic Phosphorus Pesticides Aluminium phosphide Organophosphates Nitrogen Cyanide Nicotine Nitrogen dioxide poisoning CHO alcohol Ethanol Ethylene glycol Methanol Carbon monoxide Oxygen Toluene Pharmaceutical Drug overdoses Nervous Alcohol Anticholinesterase Aspirin Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Cocaine Lithium Opioids Paracetamol Serotonergic substances Tricyclic antidepressants Cardiovascular Digoxin Dipyridamole Vitamin poisoning Vitamin A Vitamin D Vitamin E Megavitamin-B6 syndrome Biological2 Fish / Seafood Ciguatera Haff disease Ichthyoallyeinotoxism Scombroid Shellfish poisoning Amnesic Diarrhetic Neurotoxic Paralytic Other vertebrates Amphibian Batrachotoxin Bombesin Bufotenin Physalaemin Birds Coturnism Mammal Snakes / Snake venom Alpha-Bungarotoxin Ancrod Batroxobin Arthropods Arthropod bites and stings Bee sting / Bee venom Apamin Melittin Scorpion venom Charybdotoxin spider venom Latrotoxin / Latrodectism Loxoscelism Tick paralysis Plants / Fungi Cinchonism Ergotism Fish toxins Lathyrism Locoism Mushroom Strychnine Related topics Bite and Stinger plant Cnidocyte Venomous animals Poisonous animals Deadly fungus Mycotoxicology Miscellaneous Antibiotic EPA list of hazard Lists of poisonings List of types of poison Pollution 1Silver is generally non-toxic metal, but in large doses it can lead to argyria, which is rare. 2 including venoms, toxins, foodborne illnesses. Category Commons WikiProject

Authority control databases NARA

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Drug overdose](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_overdose) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_overdose?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.