# Dornier Do J Wal > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dornier_Do_J_Wal > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dornier_Do_J_Wal.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal > Source revision: 1352002229 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) 1922 multi-role flying boat family by Dornier This article needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Dornier Do J Wal" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Do J Wal A Spanish Dornier Do J "Plus Ultra" in Luján Museum in Buenos Aires, Argentina. General information Type Flying boat Manufacturer Dornier Flugzeugwerke Primary user Spain Number built >250 History Introduction date 1923 First flight 6 November 1922 Retired 1939 The **Dornier Do J *Wal*** ("[whale](/source/Whale)") is a twin-engine German [flying boat](/source/Flying_boat) of the 1920s designed by *[Dornier Flugzeugwerke](/source/Dornier_Flugzeugwerke)* and manufactured in five countries. The Do J was designated the **Do 16** by the [Reich Air Ministry](/source/Reich_Air_Ministry) (*Reichsluftfahrtministerium* – RLM) under its [aircraft designation system](/source/RLM_aircraft_designation_system) of 1933. ## Design and development The Do J had a high-mounted [strut-braced](/source/Bracing_(aeronautics)#Lift_struts) [parasol wing](/source/Monoplane#Parasol_wing) with two [piston engines](/source/Reciprocating_engine) mounted in tandem in a central [nacelle](/source/Nacelle) above the wing; one engine drove a [tractor](/source/Tractor_configuration) and the other drove a [pusher propeller](/source/Pusher_configuration). The hull made use of [Claudius Dornier](/source/Claude_Dornier)'s patented [sponsons](/source/Sponson) on the hull's sides, pioneered on the Dornier-designed [Zeppelin-Lindau Rs.IV](/source/Zeppelin-Lindau_Rs.IV) flying boat late in World War I.[1][2] The Do J made its maiden flight on 6 November 1922. The flight, as well as most production until 1932, [took place in Italy](/source/Marina_di_Pisa) because of the restrictions on aviation in Germany after World War I under the [terms of the Treaty of Versailles](/source/Treaty_of_Versailles#Military_Restrictions_on_Germany). Dornier began to produce the *Wal* in Germany in 1931; production went on until 1936. In the military version (*Militärwal* in German),[3] a crew of two to four rode in an open [cockpit](/source/Cockpit) near the nose of the hull. There was one machine gun position in the bow in front of the cockpit and one or two amidships. Beginning with Spain, military versions were delivered to Argentina, Chile and the Netherlands for use in their colonies; examples were also sent to Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union and to the end of production, Italy and Germany. The main military users, Spain and the Netherlands, manufactured their own versions under licence. Several countries, notably Italy, Norway, Portugal, Uruguay and Germany, employed the *Wal* for military tasks. The civil version (*Kabinenwal* or *Verkehrswal*) [3] had a [cabin](/source/Aircraft_cabin) in the nose, offering space for up to 12 passengers, while the open cockpit was moved further aft. Main users of this version were Germany, Italy, Brazil and Colombia. The [Colombian Air Force](/source/Colombian_Air_Force) used *Wals* in the [Colombia–Peru War](/source/Leticia_Incident) in 1932–1933. The Do J was first powered by two 265 kW (355 hp) [Rolls-Royce Eagle IX](/source/Rolls-Royce_Eagle) engines. Later versions used nearly every available engine on the market from makers such as [Hispano-Suiza](/source/Hispano-Suiza), [D. Napier & Son](/source/D._Napier_%26_Son) (the [Napier Lion](/source/Napier_Lion)), [Lorraine-Dietrich](/source/Lorraine-Dietrich) and BMW (the [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI)); even the US-built [Liberty V-12](/source/Liberty_L-12) engine was used. The *10 tonne-Wal* used by [Deutsche Luft Hansa](/source/Deutsche_Luft_Hansa) for their mail service across the South Atlantic from 1934 to 1938 had a range of 3,600 km (2,200 mi), and a ceiling of 3,500 m (11,500 ft). Numerous airlines operated *Wals* on scheduled passenger and mail services with great success. The source Robert L. Gandt, in 1991,[4] (pages 47–48) lists the following carriers: SANA and Aero Espresso of Italy; Aero Lloyd and Deutsche Luft Hansa of Germany; SCADTA of Colombia; Syndicato Condor of Brazil; and [Nihon Koku Yuso Kaisha](/source/Japan_Air_Transport) of Japan. According to Nicolaou (1996),[5] the Dornier *Wal* was "easily the greatest commercial success in the history of marine aviation". N-24 landed on the ice at [Ny Ålesund](/source/Ny_%C3%85lesund) Amundsen's Dornier Do J flying over the Oslofjord, 1925 A Wal at [Slite](/source/Slite), [Gotland](/source/Gotland), on the [Danzig](/source/Gda%C5%84sk)-[Stockholm](/source/Stockholm) route in 1925 Over 250 *Wals* were built by CMASA and [Piaggio](/source/Piaggio) in Italy, [CASA](/source/Construcciones_Aeron%C3%A1uticas_SA) in Spain, [Kawasaki](/source/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries) in Japan, [Aviolanda](/source/Aviolanda) in the Netherlands and [Dornier](/source/Dornier_Flugzeugwerke) in Germany. The [Dornier Do 18](/source/Dornier_Do_18) was a completely updated successor to the Wal but shared little more than the general configuration. ### Pioneering flights The Norwegian polar explorer [Roald Amundsen](/source/Roald_Amundsen) accompanied by [Lincoln Ellsworth](/source/Lincoln_Ellsworth), pilot [Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen](/source/Hjalmar_Riiser-Larsen), and three other team members used two *Wals* for his unsuccessful attempt to reach the [North Pole](/source/North_Pole) in 1925. His two aircraft, *N-24* and *N-25*, landed at 87° 44' north. It was the northernmost latitude reached by any aircraft up to that time. The aircraft landed a few miles apart without radio contact, yet the crews managed to reunite. One of the aircraft, *N-24*, was damaged. Amundsen and his crew worked for over three weeks to prepare an airstrip to take off from the ice. They shoveled 600 tons of ice while consuming only one pound (454 g) of daily food rations. In the end, six crew members were packed into *N-25*. Riiser-Larsen took off, and they barely became airborne over the cracking ice. They returned triumphantly after widely being presumed dead. Replica Dornier Wal N25 in the Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen On 18 August 1930, [Wolfgang von Gronau](/source/Wolfgang_von_Gronau) started on a transatlantic flight in the same Dornier *Wal* (now [registered](/source/Aircraft_registration) D-1422) Amundsen had flown, establishing the northern air route over the Atlantic, flying from [Sylt](/source/Sylt) (Germany)-Iceland-Greenland-Labrador-New York 4,670 mi (7,520 km)) in 47 flight hours. In 1932 von Gronau flew a Dornier *Wal* (registration D-2053) called the "Grönland Wal" (Greenland Whale) on a round-the-world flight. In 1926 the captain [Ramón Franco](/source/Ram%C3%B3n_Franco) became a national Spanish hero when he piloted the [*Plus Ultra*](/source/Plus_Ultra_(aircraft)) on a trans-Atlantic flight, following the route pioneered by Portuguese aviators [Artur de Sacadura Cabral](/source/Artur_de_Sacadura_Cabral) and [Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho](/source/Carlos_Viegas_Gago_Coutinho) in the [first flight across the South Atlantic in 1922](/source/First_aerial_crossing_of_the_South_Atlantic). His co-pilot was [Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz](/source/Julio_Ruiz_de_Alda_Miqueleiz); the other crew members were Teniente de Navio (Navy Lieutenant) Juan Manuel Duran and the mechanic Pablo Rada. The *Plus Ultra* departed from [Palos de la Frontera](/source/Palos_de_la_Frontera), in the [Province of Huelva](/source/Province_of_Huelva), Spain, on 22 January and arrived in [Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires), Argentina, on 26 January. It stopped over at [Gran Canaria](/source/Gran_Canaria), [Cape Verde](/source/Cape_Verde), [Pernambuco](/source/Pernambuco), [Rio de Janeiro](/source/Rio_de_Janeiro) and [Montevideo](/source/Montevideo). The 10,270 km (6,381 mi; 5,545 nmi) journey was completed in 59 hours and 39 minutes. The event appeared in most major newspapers worldwide, although some of them underlined the fact that the aircraft itself, plus the technical expertise were foreign. Throughout the Spanish-speaking world, the Spanish aviators were wildly acclaimed, particularly in Argentina and Spain where thousands gathered at [Plaza de Colón](/source/Plaza_de_Col%C3%B3n) in [Madrid](/source/Madrid). In 1929 Franco attempted another trans-Atlantic flight, this time crashing the airplane in the sea near the [Azores](/source/Azores). The crew survived to be rescued days later by the aircraft carrier [HMS *Eagle*](/source/HMS_Eagle_(1918)) of the British [Royal Navy](/source/Royal_Navy). The Portuguese military aviator major [Sarmento de Beires](/source/Sarmento_de_Beires) and his crew (captain Jorge de Castilho as navigator and lieutenant Manuel Gouveia as flight engineer) made the first aerial crossing of the [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) by night, in a Dornier J named *Argos*. The crossing was made on the night of 16–17 March 1927, from the [Bijagós Archipelago](/source/Bissagos_Islands) in [Portuguese Guinea](/source/Portuguese_Guinea) to the Brazilian island [Fernando de Noronha](/source/Fernando_de_Noronha). Two Dornier *Wals* (D-ALOX *Passat* and D-AKER *Boreas*) also played an important role in the [Third German Antarctic Expedition](/source/German_Antarctic_Expedition_(1938%E2%80%931939)) of 1939. ### South Atlantic air mail This section needs more citations. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A [Deutsche Luft Hansa](/source/Deutsche_Luft_Hansa) Dornier Do J II f Bos, [registered](/source/Aircraft_registration) D-AFAR and named *[Samum](/source/C%C4%83%C8%99eiu)*, at [Bathurst](/source/Banjul) in the [Gambia Colony and Protectorate](/source/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate), West Africa (1938) The biggest and last versions of the *Wal*, the eight and ten tonne variants (both versions also known as *Katapultwal* [3] ), were operated by Deutsche Luft Hansa on their South Atlantic airmail service from Stuttgart, Germany to Natal on the eastern tip of South America in Brazil.[6] On route proving flights in 1933, and a scheduled service beginning in February 1934, *Wals* flew the trans-ocean stage of the route, between [Bathurst](/source/Banjul) in the [Gambia Colony and Protectorate](/source/Gambia_Colony_and_Protectorate) (now [the Gambia](/source/The_Gambia)) in West Africa and [Fernando de Noronha](/source/Fernando_de_Noronha), an island group off South America. At first, there was a refueling stop in mid-ocean. The flying boat would land on the open sea, near a converted merchant ship. This vessel was equipped with a "towed sail" onto which the aircraft taxied. From there it was winched aboard by a crane, refueled, and then launched by catapult back into the air. However, landing on the big ocean swells tended to damage the hull of the flying boats, especially the smaller *8-tonne Wals*. From September 1934 a second merchantman was available, so that Deutsche Luft Hansa now had a support ship at each end of the trans-ocean stage, providing radio navigation signals and catapult launchings. When they did not have to take off from the water under their own power, the flying boats could carry more fuel. Once the incoming mail from Europe had arrived in West Africa (also by *Wal*, via the Canary Islands), the support ship would steam out to sea in the direction of South America for 36 hours before using its catapult to launch the airplane. On the return trip a *Wal* would fly the stage from Natal in mainland Brazil to Fernando de Noronha, and then be carried out to sea overnight. The same aircraft was then catapulted off to fly to West Africa the following morning, *i.e.*, after twelve hours travel on the ship. From April 1935 the ships no longer carried the flying boats out to sea. The *Wal* was launched offshore, and flew the entire distance across the ocean. This cut the time it took for mail to get from Germany to Brazil from four days down to three. The first ship converted to a mid-Atlantic refueling stop was the [SS *Westfalen*](/source/SS_Westfalen_(1905)), a freight and passenger liner that became out-dated for carrying mail and passengers shortly after World War I due to its small size and low cruising speed. The second vessel was the [MS *Schwabenland*](/source/MS_Schwabenland_(1925)). In 1936 a new support ship went into service, the MS *Ostmark*, which Deutsche Luft Hansa had had purpose-built as a seaplane tender. *Wals* made over 300 crossings of the South Atlantic in regular mail service (Gandt, 1991, pages 47–48).[4] The *8-tonne Wal* was not a success, only two being built. The six *10-tonne Wals* flew the South Atlantic from 1934 until late 1938, although aircraft of more recent design began replacing them from 1937. From 1925 the French airline *[Compagnie Générale Aéropostale](/source/A%C3%A9ropostale_(aviation))* operated an airmail service on much the same route, from France to Brazil. The mail was flown only as far as [Dakar](/source/Dakar) in Senegal, West Africa, and then shipped across the South Atlantic to Natal aboard converted [destroyers](/source/Destroyer). The ocean crossing alone took five days, the whole trip eight days. From 1930 *Aéropostale* began trying to make the ocean crossing by air, but kept losing aircraft and crews and suffered from a lack of political support. [Air France](/source/Air_France), of which *Aéropostale* had become a part, only began operating an *all air* service between Europe and South America in January 1936,[7] nearly two years after Deutsche Luft Hansa. That the Germans had succeeded in establishing the world's first regular intercontinental airline service before their competition was due, in no small part, to the sturdy and seaworthy *Wal* and its reliable BMW engines. (This section is based on "Graue & Duggan",[8][*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources)*] Gandt[4][*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources)*] and Nicolaou.[5][*[page needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources)*]) ## Variants *Data from:*[9][*[unreliable source?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources)*] **Do J Kas *Wal*** - 2x Hispano-Suiza engines. Transport and military flying boat. **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Rolls-Royce Eagle IX](/source/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_IX) engines. Transport and military flying boat. Exported to Argentina, Chile and the Soviet Union. **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Rolls-Royce Kestrel](/source/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel) engines. Transport and military flying boat. Exported to Yugoslavia. **Do J *Wal*** - 2x Lorraine-Dietrich engines. Transport and military flying boat. Used in the [Netherlands East Indies](/source/Netherlands_East_Indies) **Do J *Wal*** - 2x Renault engines **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Farman 12Wer](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Farman_12Wer&action=edit&redlink=1) engines. **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Napier Lion V](/source/Napier_Lion_V) engines **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Rolls-Royce Eagle](/source/Rolls-Royce_Eagle) engines. Passenger carrying flying boat. **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Isotta-Fraschini Asso](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotta-Fraschini_Asso&action=edit&redlink=1) **Do J *Wal*** - 2x [Fiat A.22 R](/source/Fiat_A.22_R) engines. **Do J Gas *Wal*** - 2x [Gnôme-Rhöne Jupiter](/source/Gn%C3%B4me-Rh%C3%B6ne_Jupiter) engines. **Do J Bas *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines **Do J II *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines **Do J II *Wal*** - 2x [Siemens Jupiter](/source/Siemens_Jupiter) engines **Do J II Bas *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. Passenger carrying flying boat. **Do J IIa Bos *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. Post carrying flying boat. **Do J IIaK Bos *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. Used for catapult-launched [Atlantic](/source/Atlantic) crossings. **Do J IIb Bos *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VIIa](/source/BMW_VIIa) engines. "Grönland"-Wal. **Do J II Ses *Wal*** - 2x [Siemens Sh 20](/source/Siemens_Sh_20) engines. *Wal* **Do J IId Bis *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. **Do J IId Bis *Wal*** - 2x [Curtiss Conqueror](/source/Curtiss_Conqueror) To [Colombia](/source/Colombia) **Do J II 16a Bis *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. – **Dornier Do 16** **Do J IId *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines. – Militär-Wal **Do J IIe 16 Bos *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI](/source/BMW_VI) engines **Do J IIf Bos *Wal*** - 2x [BMW VI U](/source/BMW_VI_U) engines **Do O *Wal*** - "Atlantico" c/n 34 and "Pacifico" c/n 35 built by [CMASA](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CMASA&action=edit&redlink=1) in [Italy](/source/Italy). Used for an expedition to South America in 1924. Shipped to and assembled on the island of [Curaçao](/source/Cura%C3%A7ao). Sold to [Sindicato Condor](/source/Sindicato_Condor) and later to [Varig](/source/Varig). Still in use, 1936. **Do 16** - re-designation of J II military Wal aircraft ## Operators **[Argentina](/source/Argentina)** - [Argentine Naval Aviation](/source/Argentine_Naval_Aviation)[10] **[Brazil](/source/Brazil)** - [Varig](/source/Varig)[11] - [Syndicato Condor](/source/Syndicato_Condor)[11] **[Chile](/source/Chile)** - [Chilean Air Force](/source/Chilean_Air_Force)[12] - [Chilean Navy](/source/Chilean_Navy)[13] **[Colombia](/source/Colombia)** - [SCADTA](/source/SCADTA)[11] - [Colombian Air Force](/source/Colombian_Air_Force)[14] **[Denmark](/source/Denmark)** - [Royal Danish Navy](/source/Royal_Danish_Navy) **[Germany](/source/Germany)** - [Condor Syndikat](/source/Condor_Syndikat)[15] - [Deutscher Aero Lloyd](/source/Deutsche_Luft-Reederei)[11] - [Deutsche Luft Hansa](/source/Deutsche_Luft_Hansa)[15] **[Italy](/source/Italy)** - [Aero Espresso Italiana](/source/Aero_Espresso_Italiana)[11] - [Società Anonima Navigazione Aerea](/source/Societ%C3%A0_Anonima_Navigazione_Aerea)[11] **[Japan](/source/Japan)** **[Netherlands](/source/Netherlands)** - [Netherlands Naval Aviation Service](/source/Netherlands_Naval_Aviation_Service)[16] **[Norway](/source/Norway)** **[Portugal](/source/Portugal)** - [Portuguese Air Force](/source/Portuguese_Air_Force) **[Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union)** - [Soviet Air Force](/source/Soviet_Air_Force) **[Spain](/source/Spain)** - [LAPE](/source/LAPE)[11] - [Spanish Republican Air Force](/source/Spanish_Republican_Air_Force) - [Spanish Republican Navy](/source/Spanish_Republican_Navy) **[Spanish State](/source/Francoist_Spain)** - [Spanish Air Force](/source/Spanish_Air_Force) - [Spanish Navy](/source/Spanish_Navy) **[Switzerland](/source/Switzerland)** **[Kingdom of Yugoslavia](/source/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia)** - [Yugoslav Royal Navy](/source/Yugoslav_Royal_Navy) ## Aircraft on display - [*Plus Ultra*](/source/Plus_Ultra_(aircraft)), at Lujan, Argentina. - *Plus Ultra* replica at Museo del Aire de Cuatro Vientos in Madrid, Spain. - [Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen](/source/Dornier_Museum_Friedrichshafen), at Friedrichshafen airport, Germany (full scale replica) ## Accidents and incidents - 3 December 1928: a [Syndicato Condor](/source/Syndicato_Condor) Dornier *Wal* registration P-BACA, crashed in [Guanabara Bay](/source/Guanabara_Bay) while attempting to avoid a collision with another aircraft of the same company, during a celebratory flight upon the arrival of [Alberto Santos Dumont](/source/Alberto_Santos-Dumont) in Rio de Janeiro. Ten passengers and four crew members died. This was the first accident with an aircraft registered in Brazil that had victims other than the crew and that received wide media coverage.[17][18] - 11 September 1931: a [Syndicato Condor](/source/Syndicato_Condor) Dornier *Wal* registration P-BALA, while taking-off from Potengi river in [Natal](/source/Natal%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Norte), collided with a boat. Three crew members died.[17][19] ## Specifications (Do J Wal RR Eagle engines) **General characteristics** - **Crew:** Three - **Capacity:** 8–10 passengers - **Length:** 17.25 m (56 ft 7 in) - **Wingspan:** 22 m (72 ft 2 in) - **Height:** 5.62 m (18 ft 5 in) - **Wing area:** 96 m2 (1,030 sq ft) - **Empty weight:** 3,630 kg (8,003 lb) - **Max takeoff weight:** 7,000 kg (15,432 lb) - **Powerplant:** 2 × [Rolls-Royce Eagle IX](/source/Rolls-Royce_Eagle_IX) V-12 water-cooled piston engines, 265 kW (355 hp) each **Performance** - **Maximum speed:** 185 km/h (115 mph, 100 kn) - **Cruise speed:** 145 km/h (90 mph, 78 kn) - **Range:** 800 km (500 mi, 430 nmi) - **Service ceiling:** 3,500 m (11,500 ft) - **Rate of climb:** 1.5 m/s (300 ft/min) - **Time to altitude:** 3,000 m (9,843 ft) in 33 minutes ## See also **Related lists** - [List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force](/source/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Spanish_Republican_Air_Force) - [List of aircraft of World War II](/source/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II) - [List of interwar military aircraft](/source/List_of_interwar_military_aircraft) - [List of flying boats and floatplanes](/source/List_of_flying_boats_and_floatplanes) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["The (German) Dornier "Giant Flying-Boat""](https://archive.org/details/Flight_International_Magazine_1919-09-18-pdf/page/n19/mode/2up). *[Flight](/source/Flight_International)*. Vol. XI, no. 560. 18 September 1919. p. 1258. Retrieved 24 December 2023. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Some Dornier "Milestones" – The Do. Rs. IV, 1917–18"](https://archive.org/details/Flight_International_Magazine_1920-12-23-pdf/page/n3/mode/2up). *Flight*. Vol. XII, no. 560. 23 December 1920. p. 1289. Retrieved 24 December 2023. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zeppelins_Flieger_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zeppelins_Flieger_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Zeppelins_Flieger_3-2) Das Flugzeug im Zeppelin-Konzern und seinen Nachfolgebetrieben, Ernst Wasmuth Verlag Tübingen, Berlin & Zeppelin Museum Friedrichshafen 2006 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [3-8030-3316-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8030-3316-0) 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Gandt_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Gandt_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Gandt_4-2) Gandt, Robert L. *China Clipper – The Age of the Great Flying Boats*, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis Maryland 1991 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-87021-209-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-209-5) 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Nicolaou_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Nicolaou_5-1) Stéphane Nicolaou. *Flying Boats & Seaplanes – A History from 1905*, Bay View Books Ltd Bideford Devon 1998 (English translation, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780760306215](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760306215) originally published in French – copyright ETAI, Paris 1996) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["First Transatlantic air line"](https://books.google.com/books?id=pigDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Science+1931+plane&pg=PA13). *Popular Science*. February 1933 – via books.google.com. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Dick_7-0)** Harold G. Dick with Douglas H. Robinson "The Golden Age of the Great Passenger Airships" Smithsonian Institution Press Washington D.C 1985 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-56098-219-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56098-219-5) Page 166 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Graue&Duggan_8-0)** James W. Graue & John Duggan *Deutsche Lufthansa [*[sic](/source/Sic)*] South Atlantic Airmail Service 1934–1939*, Zeppelin Study Group, Ickenham, UK 2000 [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-9514114-5-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9514114-5-4) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-Histav_9-0)** ["Dornier Do J Wal"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170819005143/http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_J_Wal.html). *www.histaviation.com*. Germany. Archived from [the original](http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_J_Wal.html) on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2012. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETincopaRivas201647–48_10-0)** [Tincopa & Rivas 2016](#CITEREFTincopaRivas2016), pp. 47–48. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-am986p500_11-6) [Stroud *Aeroplane Monthly* September 1986](#CITEREFStroud_Aeroplane_Monthly_September_1986), p. 500 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETincopaRivas2016128–129_12-0)** [Tincopa & Rivas 2016](#CITEREFTincopaRivas2016), pp. 128–129. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETincopaRivas2016124–127_13-0)** [Tincopa & Rivas 2016](#CITEREFTincopaRivas2016), pp. 124–127. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETincopaRivas2016167_14-0)** [Tincopa & Rivas 2016](#CITEREFTincopaRivas2016), p. 167. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-am986p5001_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-am986p5001_15-1) [Stroud *Aeroplane Monthly* September 1986](#CITEREFStroud_Aeroplane_Monthly_September_1986), pp. 500–501 1. **[^](#cite_ref-am986p501_16-0)** [Stroud *Aeroplane Monthly* September 1986](#CITEREFStroud_Aeroplane_Monthly_September_1986), p. 501 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Pereira_1987_130_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Pereira_1987_130_17-1) Pereira, Aldo (1987). *Breve história da aviação comercial brasileira* (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa Empresa Gráfica e Editora. p. 130. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-8588022225](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8588022225). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Destinos trágicos". *O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996* (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 18–21. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-85-7430-760-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-7430-760-2). 1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Destinos trágicos". *O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996* (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. p. 21. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-85-7430-760-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-7430-760-2). ### Sources - Stroud, John (September 1986). "Wings of Peace". *Aeroplane Monthly*. Vol. 14, no. 9. pp. 496–501. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0143-7240](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-7240). - Tincopa, Amaru; Rivas, Santiago (2016). *Axis Aircraft in Latin America*. Manchester, UK: Crécy Publishing Limited. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-90210-949-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-90210-949-7). ### Further reading - Andersson, Lennart (Spring 1994). "Talkback". *[Air Enthusiast](/source/Air_Enthusiast)*. No. 53. p. 78. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0143-5450](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450). - Lopes, Mario Canoniga (Spring 1994). "Talkback". *Air Enthusiast*. No. 53. pp. 79–80. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0143-5450](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450). - M. Michiel van der Mey: "Dornier Wal a Light coming over the Sea". LoGisma editore, 2016, English, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-88-97530-81-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-97530-81-7) - M. Michiel van der Mey: "Dornier Wal Vliegboot". 1986, Dutch, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [90-900144-5-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-900144-5-4) - M. Michiel van der Mey: "Der Einsatz der Heinkel Katapulte". 2002, German - Nikolic, Djordie & Ognjevic, Akeksandar M. (2021). *Dornier: The Yugoslav Saga 1926-2007*. Lublin, Poland: Kagero Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-83-66673-61-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-66673-61-8). ## External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Dornier Do J Wal](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dornier_Do_J_Wal). - [Dornier Wal Documentation Center](http://www.dornier-wal.com) - [airwar.ru](http://www.airwar.ru/enc/other1/doj.html) - ["Flyers Of The Sea", October 1931, Popular Mechanics](https://books.google.com/books?id=vuQDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Popular+Mechanics+1931+curtiss&pg=PA626) - ["Dornier H Falke"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170819005058/http://histaviation.com/Dornier_H_Falke.html). Germany. Archived from [the original](http://histaviation.com/Dornier_H_Falke.html) on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 25 February 2012. - [Дорније Do J](http://vazduhoplovnetradicijesrbije.rs/index.php/istorija/276-dornije-do-j) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140512233028/http://vazduhoplovnetradicijesrbije.rs/index.php/istorija/276-dornije-do-j) 2014-05-12 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) v t e Dornier and Zeppelin-Lindau aircraft Zeppelin-Lindau 1914-1919 Rs.I Rs.II Rs.III Rs.IV CL.I CL.II CS.I D.I Gs.I Gs.II V 1 Dornier designations 1919-1933 Do A Do B Do C Do D Do E Do F Do G (project) Do H Do J Do K Do L Do N Do O Do P Do Q Do R Do S Do T Do U Do V Do X Do Y Delphin Falke Komet Libelle Merkur Spatz Wal RLM designations 1933-1945 Do 10 Do 11 Do 12 Do 13 Do 14 Do 15 Do 16 Do 17 (Operational history) Do 18 Do 19 Do 20 Do 22 Do 23 Do 24 Do 25 Do 26 Do 29 Do 212 Do 214 Do 215 Do 216 Do 217 Do 317 Do 318 Do 335 Do 417 Do 435 Do 635 P.59 P.85 P.174 P.184 P.192 P.231 P.232 P.238 P.247 P.252 P.254 P.256 P.273 P.1075 Dornier designations post-1945 Do 24 Do 25 Do 27 Do 28 Do 29 Do 31 Do 32 Do 32K Do 34 128 Do 131 Do 132 228 Do 231 328 328JET 428 528 728JET 928JET Aerodyne Alpha Jet DAR Projekt 621 Seastar S-Ray 007 See also Claude Dornier and Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen v t e Reich Air Ministry (RLM) aircraft designations (list) 1 to 100 8-11 Fi 2 8-31 8-41 Fi 5 DFS 6 8-71 Gö 8 Gö 9 Do 10 8-117 Do 11 Wn 11 8-127 8-124 Do 12 Do 13 Do 14 Do 15 8-167 Do 16 Wn 16 Do 17 Do 18 Do 19 Do 20 8-211 Do 22 Do 23 Do 24 8-257 Do 253 Kl 25 8-267 Do 26 Kl 26 8-277 8-27 Do 273 Kl 275 8-281 8-297 8-29 Do 29 Fw 30 Kl 31 Kl 32 Ju 33 Ju 34 Kl 35 Kl 36 He 373 8-387 He 38 Ju 38 DFS 39 8-407 BV 40 DFS 40 He 413 8-427 Fw 42 He 42 Fw 43 Fw 44 He 45 8-467 He 46 Ju 46 8-477 Fw 47 He 47 8-487 Ju 48 He 48 8-497 He 49 Ju 49 8-507 He 50 Ju 50 He 51 8-527 He 52 Ju 52 Ju 53 8-547 DFS 54 NR 54 8-557 Fw 55 NR 55 Fw 56 8-577 8-574 Fw 57 8-587 Fw 58 He 58 He 59 8-607 He 60 Ju 60 8-617 Fa 61 Fw 61 He 61 8-627 Fw 62 He 62 8-637 8-634 He 63 8-647 Ar 64 He 64 8-657 Ar 65 He 65 8-667 Ar 66 He 66 Ar 67 Ar 68 Ar 69 He 70 8-717 8-714 He 71 He 72 He 733 He 74 Al 75 8-767 Ar 76 FZG 766 Ar 77 Ar 783 Ar 79 Ar 80 Ar 81 8-824 8-831 Al 84 Ju 85 Ju 86 Ju 87 Ju 88 Ju 89 Ju 90 Ju 913 Ju 92 Ju 933 Ju 943 Ar 95 Ar 96 Fi 97 Fi 98 Fi 99 8-1007 Fi 1003 He 100 101 to 200 Al 101 Al 102 8-1037 Al 103 Fi 103 Fi 103R Fh 104 Kl 105 Kl 106 Kl 107 Bf 108 8-1097 Bf 109 Bf 109R6 Bf 110 8-1117 He 111 He 111U6 He 112 He 1136 He 114 He 115 He 116 8-1177 He 1173 Hs 117 He 118 He 119 He 120 Hs 121 Hs 122 Hs 123 Hs 124 Hs 125 Hs 126 Hs 127 Hs 128 Hs 129 Hs 130 Bü 131 8-1327 Bü 1323 Hs 132 Bü 133 Bü 134 Ha 135 8-1367 Ha 136 Hü 136 Ha 137 BV 138 Ha 139 Ha 140 BV 141 BV 142 BV 143 BV 144 Go 145 Go 146 8-1477 Go 147 Ju 147 Go 1483 Go 149 Go 150 Kl 151 8-1527 Kl 152 Ta 152 8-1537 Kl 1533 Ta 153 8-1547 Kl 1543 Ta 154 8-1557 BV 155 Kl 1553 Me 155 Fi 156 Fi 157 Fi 158 Fw 159 Ju 160 Bf 161 8-1627 Bf 162 He 162 8-1637 Bf 163 Li 163 Me 163 Me 164/MeC 164 Bf 165 8-1667 Fi 166 FK 166 Fi 167 Fi 168 Fi 1693 He 170 He 1713 He 172 He 1733 He 1743 8-1754 He 176 He 177 He 178 He 1795 8-1807 Bü 180 He 180 Bü 181 Bü 182 8-1837 Bü 1833 Ta 183 Fl 184 Fl 185 8-1867 Fw 186 Ju 186 8-1877 Fw 187 Ju 1872 8-1887 Fw 1883 Ju 188 Fw 189 Fw 190 Fw 191 Ao 192 8-1937 Ao 1933 DFS 193 8-1947 DFS 194 Me 194 Ar 195 Ar 196 Ar 197 Ar 198 8-1997 Ar 199 FiSk 199 8-2007 Do 2004,6 Fw 200 201 to 300 Si 201 Si 202 DFS 203 Si 204 8-2051 Fw 206 8-2071 Me 208 Me 2097 1938 1943 Me 210 Hü 211 8-2127 8-2124 Do 212 8-2131 Do 214 Do 215 Do 216 8-2177 Do 217 Hs 217 Do 2183 He 219 He 220 Do 2213 BV 222 Fa 223 Fa 224 8-2257 Ao 225 Fa 225 8-2267 BV 226 Ho 226 FGP 227 DFS 228 8-2297 Go 229 Ho 229 8-2307 8-230 DFS 230 Ar 231 Ar 232 Ar 233 Ar 234 Do 2355 Fa 2363 BV 237 BV 238 8-2391 Ar 240 Go 241 Go 242 Me 2433 Go 244 Go 2453 BV 246 8-2471 Ju 248 8-2507 BV 250 Ho 250 Ho 251 Ho 252 Ju 252 8-2537 Fi 253 Ho 253 8-2547 Ho 254 Ta 254 8-2551 Fi 256 SK 257 8-2581 Fw 259 8-2601 Me 261 Me 261w Me 262 Me 2637 1941 1942 1945 Me 264 8-2657 Fl 265 Me 265 8-2667 Fa 266 Go 2663 Ho 267 Ju 268 Fa 269 He 270 We 271 He 2723 He 2733 He 274 He 2755 He 2763 He 277 He 278 He 2793 He 280 He 2813 Fl 282 Fa 283 Fa 284 Fl 285 Ju 286 Ju 287 8-2887 Do 2884,6 Ju 288 Ju 2893 Ju 290 Hs 291 8-2927 As 292 Hs 2923 Hs 293 Hs 294 Hs 295 8-2967 Ar 296 Hs 296 Hs 297 Hs 298 Ju 2993 Fw 300 301 to 349 DFS 301 8-3021 8-3031 8-3041 8-3051 8-3061 8-3071 8-3081 Me 309 Zwilling Me 310 8-3111 8-3121 8-3134 8-3141 Hs 315 8-3161 Do 317 Do 318 He 319 Me 3203 Me 321 Ju 322 Me 323/ZMe 323 8-3241 8-3257 Fa 325 Fw 3253 8-3261 Me 327 Me 328 Me 329 Fa 330 DFS 331 DFS 332 Fi 333 8-3347 Ar 3343 Me 334 Do 335 Fa 336 Ju 3373 8-3381 Fl 339 Ar 340 8-341 WNF 342 He 343 8-3447 Rk 344 So 3445 Go 345 DFS 346 Rk 347 8-3481 Ba 349 Post-349 (non-sequential) Ju 352 8-3567 Fi 356 Ju 356 Me 362 Me 3642 Me 3683 Ju 388 Ju 390 Fw 391 Ar 3933 Ar 396 Ta 400 Me 409 Me 410 Do 417 He 419 ZMe 423 8-4307 Ar 430 Ka 430 Ar 432 Do 435 Ar 440 8-4454 DFS 446 Ju 452 Me 4622 DFS 468 Ju 488 Fw 491 He 500 Me 509 Me 510 He 519 8-5204 ZSO 523 Ar 532 8-5344 Do 535/He 535 Me 6002 Me 609 Ar 632 Do 635/He 635/Ju 635 1 Not assigned 2 Unofficial/proposed 3 Assigned, but not used before RLM was dissolved 4 Assigned to captured aircraft 5 Unconfirmed 6 Propaganda/cover designation 7 Assigned to multiple types Note: Official RLM designations had the prefix "8-", but this was usually dropped and replaced with the manufacturer's prefix. v t e Spanish Armed Forces seaplane designations Hidroavión (H) Seaplane HR.1 HR.2 HR.3 HR.4 HD.5/HR.5 HR.6 HR.7 Anfibio (AD) Amphibian AD.1 Authority control databases International GND National United States Israel Other NARA Yale LUX --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Dornier Do J Wal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dornier_Do_J_Wal?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.