# Doctor of both laws > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Doctor_of_both_laws > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Doctor_of_both_laws.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws > Source revision: 1350855837 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Scholar with a doctorate in both civil and church law Several terms redirect here. For other uses, see [Doctor of Law](/source/Doctor_of_Law), [DJ Uiagalelei](/source/DJ_Uiagalelei), and [Jud (disambiguation)](/source/Jud_(disambiguation)). Part of a series on the Canon law of the Catholic Church Ius vigens (current law) 1983 Code of Canon Law Omnium in mentem Magnum principium Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches Ad tuendam fidem Ex corde Ecclesiae Indulgentiarum Doctrina Praedicate evangelium Veritatis gaudium Custom Matrimonial nullity trial reforms of Pope Francis Documents of the Second Vatican Council Christus Dominus Lumen gentium Optatam totius Orientalium ecclesiarum Presbyterorum ordinis Sacrosanctum concilium Precepts of the Church Legal history Jus antiquum (c. 33–1140) Ancient Church Orders Didache The Apostolic Constitutions Canons of the Apostles Collections of ancient canons Collectiones canonum Dionysianae Collectio canonum quadripartita Collectio canonum Quesnelliana Collectio canonum Wigorniensis Gelasian Decree Symmachian forgeries Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals Donation of Constantine Gregorian Reform Lay investiture controversy Dictatus papae Libertas ecclesiae Plenitudo potestatis Jus novum (c. 1140–1563) Corpus Juris Canonici Decretum Gratiani Decretist Canon Episcopi Margaritae Jus commune Decretals of Gregory IX Decretalist Regulæ Juris Extravagantes Liber Septimus Jus novissimum (c. 1563–1918) Council of Trent Benedictus Deus Tametsi Apostolicae Sedis moderationi Jus codicis (1918-present) 1917 Code of Canon Law Ecclesiae Sanctae 1983 Code of Canon Law Other Contractum trinius Papal judge-delegate Right of option Eastern law Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches Eastern Canonical Reforms of Pius XII Nomocanon Eparchy Exarchate Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful Protosyncellus Liturgical law Latin Church General Roman Calendar Ranking of liturgical days in the Roman Rite General Instruction of the Roman Missal Code of Rubrics Sacrosanctum Concilium Mysterii Paschalis Musicam sacram Scripturarum thesaurus Liturgiam authenticam Quattuor abhinc annos Ecclesia Dei Summorum Pontificum Magnum principium Traditionis custodes Red Mass Holy day of obligation Sacramental law Communicatio in sacris Ex opere operato Omnium in mentem Validity and liceity Sacraments Holy Orders Impediment (Catholic canon law) Abstemius Defect of birth Obligation of celibacy Nullity of Sacred Ordination Apostolicae curae Dimissorial letters Episcopal consecrators Approbation (Catholic canon law) Confession Penitential canons Paenitentiale Theodori Seal of the Confessional Internal and external forum Note on the importance of the internal forum and the inviolability of the Sacramental Seal Apostolic Penitentiary Canon penitentiary Complicit absolution Sacramentum Poenitentiae Eucharist Eucharistic discipline Canon 915 Celebret Mass stipend Sacramentals Indulgence Indulgentiarum doctrina Sacred places Altars Major basilica Minor basilica Oratory (chapel) Sacred times Feast days Fast days and abstinence Paenitemini Holy day of obligation Matrimonial law Canonical form (Latin Church) Tametsi Ne Temere Banns of marriage Declaration of Nullity Dignitas connubii Matrimonial Nullity Trial Reforms of Pope Francis Vetitum Defender of the Bond Impediments to Marriage Affinity Clandestinity Impediment of crime Disparity of cult Ligamen Public propriety Matrimonial dispensation Ratum sed non consummatum Sanatio in radice Natural marriage Pauline privilege Petrine privilege Supreme authority, particular churches, and canonical structures Supreme authority of the Church Roman Pontiff Papal conclave College of Bishops Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures College of Cardinals Conference of bishops Synod of Bishops Particular churches Churches sui juris Latin Church Eastern Catholic Churches Local particular churches Appointment of bishops Abbacy nullius Apostolic vicariate Apostolic vicar Apostolic administration Apostolic administrator Diocese/Archdiocese Aeque principaliter Cathedraticum In persona episcopi Diocesan Curia Moderator of the Curia Chancery Deanery Vicar forane Eparchy Eparchal curia Military ordinariate Mission sui juris Personal ordinariate Anglicanorum Coetibus Juridic persons Parish Team of priests in solidum Collegiate church Parish register Lay trusteeism Roman Curia Dicastery Congregation Pontifical council Personal prelature Types of membership of Opus Dei Association of the Christian faithful Vicar general Quinquennial visit ad limina Jurisprudence Canonical coronation Canonically crowned images Computation of time Custom Delegata potestas non potest delegari Derogation Dispensation Taxa Innocentiana Faculty Indult Impediment Donation Interpretation Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts Jurisdiction Peritus Obreption & subreption Obrogation Promulgation Resignation of the Roman Pontiff Sede vacante Simony Vacatio legis Validity and liceity Visitation Apostolic visitor Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Theology Ecclesiology Treatise on Law Determinatio Temporal goods (property) Benefice Cathedraticum Contract law Mass stipend Stole fee Temporalities Law of persons Person (Catholic canon law) Formal act of defection from the Catholic Church Canonical age Emancipation Exemption Heresy Clerics Secular clergy Regular clergy Obligation of celibacy Clerics and public office Incardination and excardination Laicization (dispensation) Canonical faculties Office Canonical provision Canonical election Juridic and physical persons Jus patronatus Associations of the faithful Consecrated life Canonical documents Acta Apostolicae Sedis Acta Sanctae Sedis Censor librorum Imprimatur Imprimi potest Notary Protonotary apostolic Apostolic constitution Canon Concordat Decree Decretal Encyclical Motu proprio Ordinance Papal brief Papal bull Penitential Positive law Rescript Parish register Ecclesiastical Latin Penal law Canon 1324 Canon 1397 §2 Censure De delictis gravioribus Complicit absolution Crimen sollicitationis Excommunication List of excommunicable offences in the Catholic Church List of people excommunicated by the Catholic Church List of cardinals excommunicated by the Catholic Church Interdict Laicization (penal) Latae sententiae and ferendae sententiae Lifetime of prayer and penance Canonical admonitions Ecclesiastical prison Procedural law Pars statica (tribunals & ministers/parties) Tribunals Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura Tribunal of the Roman Rota Apostolic Penitentiary Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Ministers of Justice Judicial Vicar/Officialis Auditor Parties Defender of the Bond Procurator Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Dignitas connubii (matrimonial causes) Appeal as from an abuse Presumption Penal procedure Vos estis lux mundi Canonization Congregation for the Causes of Saints Maiorem hac dilectionem Advocatus Diaboli Oblatio vitae Positio Beatification and canonization process in 1914 Election of the Roman Pontiff Current law Universi Dominici gregis Papal renunciation Reforms of Pope Benedict XVI Historical Cum proxime Jus exclusivae Papal appointment Aeterni Patris Filius Romano Pontifici eligendo Ingravescentem aetatem Ubi periculum Quia propter Legal practice and scholarship List of legal abbreviations Academic degrees Licentiate of Canon Law Doctor of Canon Law Doctor of both laws Journals and Professional Societies Canon Law Society of America The Jurist Faculties of canon law Catholic University of America School of Canon Law Canonists Medieval Gratian Hostiensis Jean Lemoine Raymond of Peñafort Rufinus Johannes Teutonicus Geoffrey of Trani Burchard of Worms Brocard Modern & Contemporary Eugenio Corecco John D. Faris Pietro Gasparri Ladislas Orsy Edward N. Peters Law of consecrated life Solemn vow Exclaustration Manifestation of Conscience Canonical erection of a house of religious Pontifical right Diocesan right Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life Institute of consecrated life Religious institute Congregation Order Monasticism Canons regular Mendicant orders Clerics regular Secular institute Cum Sanctissimus Primo Feliciter Provida Mater Ecclesia Society of apostolic life Decretum laudis Catholic Church portal Law portal v t e A **doctor of both laws** (from the Latin *doctor juris utriusque*, *doctor utriusque juris*, or *juris utriusque doctor*, "doctor of both laws"; abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID) is a [scholar](/source/Scholar) who has acquired a [doctorate](/source/Doctorate) in both [civil](/source/Civil_law_(legal_system)) and [church law](/source/Canon_law). The degree was common among [Roman Catholic](/source/Roman_Catholic_Church) and German scholars[1] of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today, the degree is awarded by the [Pontifical Lateran University](/source/Pontifical_Lateran_University) after a period of six years of study, the [University of Würzburg](/source/University_of_W%C3%BCrzburg), the [University of Fribourg](/source/University_of_Fribourg), and the [University of Cologne](/source/University_of_Cologne).[2] The [Catholic University of America](/source/Catholic_University_of_America) does not award the *doctor utriusque juris* as a single degree, but instead offers a dual doctorate in canon and civil law.[3] Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries, European students of law mastered the *Ius commune*, a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws".[4] or of "Licentiatus of both laws". ## Doctors of Civil and Canon Law - [Antonio Agliardi](/source/Antonio_Agliardi), [Cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholicism)), [Camerlengo](/source/Camerlengo_of_the_Sacred_College_of_Cardinals) of the [Sacred College of Cardinals](/source/Sacred_College_of_Cardinals) - [Antonio Arregui Yarza](/source/Antonio_Arregui_Yarza), [Metropolitan Archbishop](/source/Metropolitan_Archbishop) of the [Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Guayaquil](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Guayaquil), [Ecuador](/source/Ecuador) - [Thomas Bach](/source/Thomas_Bach) - [Bernardo Bembo](/source/Bernardo_Bembo) - [Pope Benedict XIV](/source/Pope_Benedict_XIV) - [Anthony Bevilacqua](/source/Anthony_Bevilacqua), Cardinal, Archbishop Emeritus of Philadelphia (USA) - [Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin](/source/Jean_de_Dieu-Raymond_de_Cuc%C3%A9_de_Boisgelin) - [St. Charles Borromeo](/source/St._Charles_Borromeo) - [Edoardo Borromeo](/source/Edoardo_Borromeo) - [Sebastian Brant](/source/Sebastian_Brant) - [Giacomo Luigi Brignole](/source/Giacomo_Luigi_Brignole) - [Giovanni Battista Bussi (1755–1844)](/source/Giovanni_Battista_Bussi_(1755%E2%80%931844)) - [Antonio Maria Cagiano de Azevedo](/source/Antonio_Maria_Cagiano_de_Azevedo) - [Étienne Hubert de Cambacérès](/source/%C3%89tienne_Hubert_de_Cambac%C3%A9r%C3%A8s) - [Giovanni Battista Caprara](/source/Giovanni_Battista_Caprara) - [Filippo Giudice Caracciolo](/source/Filippo_Giudice_Caracciolo) - [Domenico Carafa della Spina di Traetto](/source/Domenico_Carafa_della_Spina_di_Traetto) - [Francesco Carafa di Trajetto](/source/Francesco_Carafa_di_Trajetto) - [Pier Luigi Carafa](/source/Pier_Luigi_Carafa_(1677%E2%80%931755)), [Cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholicism)), [Camerlengo](/source/Camerlengo_of_the_Sacred_College_of_Cardinals) of the [Sacred College of Cardinals](/source/Sacred_College_of_Cardinals), [Dean of the College of Cardinals](/source/Dean_of_the_College_of_Cardinals) - [Luigi Dadaglio](/source/Luigi_Dadaglio), Cardinal, [Major Penitentiary of the Apostolic Penitentiary](/source/Apostolic_Penitentiary) - [Antonio Despuig y Dameto](/source/Antonio_Despuig_y_Dameto) - [Michele di Pietro](/source/Michele_di_Pietro) - [Domenico Ferrata](/source/Domenico_Ferrata), Cardinal, [Secretary of State](/source/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State) - [Giuseppe Milesi Pironi Ferretti](/source/Giuseppe_Milesi_Pironi_Ferretti) - [Michael J. Fitzgerald](/source/Michael_J._Fitzgerald_(bishop)), Auxiliary Bishop of the [Archdiocese of Philadelphia](/source/Archdiocese_of_Philadelphia)[5] - [Enrico Gasparri](/source/Enrico_Gasparri), Cardinal, [Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura](/source/Apostolic_Signatura) - [Pietro Gasparri](/source/Pietro_Gasparri), Cardinal, Secretary of State, codifier of [1917 Code of Canon Law](/source/1917_Code_of_Canon_Law) - [Pietro Giannelli](/source/Pietro_Giannelli) - [Giacomo Giustiniani](/source/Giacomo_Giustiniani) - [Józef Glemp](/source/J%C3%B3zef_Glemp), Cardinal, [late Archbishop emeritus of Warsaw](/source/Archdiocese_of_Warsaw) ([Poland](/source/Poland)) - Archbishop [Filippo Iannone](/source/Filippo_Iannone), appointed Vicegerent of the [Diocese of Rome](/source/Diocese_of_Rome) 31 January 2012 - [Stephan Kuttner](/source/Stephan_Kuttner), Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law - [Carlo Laurenzi](/source/Carlo_Laurenzi) - [Pope Leo XIII](/source/Pope_Leo_XIII) - [Alphonsus Maria de Liguori](/source/Alphonsus_Maria_de_Liguori), Bishop of [Sant'Agata de' Goti](/source/Sant'Agata_de'_Goti) - [Listecki, Jerome Edward](/source/Jerome_Edward_Listecki), Archbishop of Milwaukee (USA) - [Vincenzo Macchi](/source/Vincenzo_Macchi) - [Lorenzo Girolamo Mattei](/source/Lorenzo_Girolamo_Mattei) - [Teodolfo Mertel](/source/Teodolfo_Mertel), last [lay cardinal](/source/Lay_cardinal) in the Catholic Church - [Denzil Meuli](/source/Denzil_Meuli), priest of the diocese of Auckland - Alfonso Ortiz, editor of the Mozarabic Missal (1500) and Breviary (1502) - [J. K. Paasikivi](/source/Juho_Kusti_Paasikivi), President of Finland - [Giovanni Panico](/source/Giovanni_Panico), cardinal and nuncio - [Salvatore Pappalardo](/source/Salvatore_Pappalardo_(cardinal)), Cardinal, [Archbishop of Palermo](/source/Archbishop_of_Palermo) ([Italy](/source/Italy)) - [Thomas J. Paprocki](/source/Thomas_J._Paprocki), Bishop of [Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Illinois](/source/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Springfield_in_Illinois) (USA) - [Peters, Edward N.](/source/Edward_N._Peters), Catholic University of America, 1991 - [Luigi Poggi](/source/Luigi_Poggi), Cardinal, [Archivist](/source/Vatican_Secret_Archives) and [Librarian Emeritus of the Holy Roman Church](/source/Vatican_Library) - [Mario Francesco Pompedda](/source/Mario_Francesco_Pompedda), Cardinal, Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura - [Pietro Respighi](/source/Pietro_Respighi), Cardinal, [Archpriest of the Basilica of St. John Lateran](/source/Basilica_of_St._John_Lateran) - [Gabriele della Genga Sermattei](/source/Gabriele_della_Genga_Sermattei) - [K. J. Ståhlberg](/source/Kaarlo_Juho_St%C3%A5hlberg), President of Finland - [Alessandro Verde](/source/Alessandro_Verde), Cardinal, [Archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore](/source/Basilica_di_Santa_Maria_Maggiore) (Italy) - [Pietro Vidoni](/source/Pietro_Vidoni) - [Carlo Maria Viganò](/source/Carlo_Maria_Vigan%C3%B2), Archbishop at the centre of the [Vatileaks scandal](/source/Vatileaks_scandal) - [Jan Wężyk](/source/Jan_W%C4%99%C5%BCyk) - [Jean-Baptiste van Dievoet](/source/Van_Dievoet_family) (1775-1862) JUL (Juris Utriusque Licentiatus) of the [Old University of Leuven](/source/Old_University_of_Leuven). - [Antonín Theodor Colloredo-Waldsee](/source/Anton%C3%ADn_Theodor_Colloredo-Waldsee), Cardinal, [Archbishop of Olomouc](/source/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Olomouc) ## See also - [Doctor of Canon Law](/source/Doctor_of_Canon_Law) - [Legum Doctor](/source/Legum_Doctor) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Armgardt, Matthias. [Leibniz as a legal scholar](http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1021-545X2014000100003). Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014. Accessed 7 May 2016. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [*Promotionsordnung der Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität zu Köln vom 26. Oktober 2010 §1 II*](https://jura.uni-koeln.de/forschung/promotion/promotionsordnung#c49476,) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Program Requirements"](https://canonlaw.catholic.edu/academics/degree-programs/dual-degree-program/requirements/index.html). Catholic University of America. Retrieved 11 December 2025. 1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Pennington, Kenneth. [Course Description: Roman Law and the Ius Commune](http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Law508/Blurb.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150225055932/http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/Law508/Blurb.htm) 25 February 2015 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine) 1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Official Biography. ["Bishop Fitzgerald"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140418104339/http://archphila.org/offices/Fitzgerald.php). Archived from [the original](http://archphila.org/offices/Fitzgerald.php) on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014. v t e Levels of academic degree Undergraduate ISCED level 5 Associate degree Foundation degree Higher National Diploma / ​Diploma of Higher Education / ​Certificate of Higher Education ISCED level 6 Bachelor's degree Honours degree Postgraduate ISCED level 7 Diplom degree Engineer's degree Master's degree Postgraduate diploma/​certificate Candidate of Philosophy ISCED level 8 Doctorate Candidate of Sciences Other Postdoctoral Docent Fellow Habilitation Higher doctorate Tenure No dominant classification Academic certificate Artist diploma Certificate of Advanced Study External degree Graduate certificate Graduate diploma Higher diploma Laurea Licentiate Magister degree Microdegree Professional degree Specialist degree/​diploma Terminal degree Unearned Ad eundem degree Honorary degree Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge and Dublin) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Doctor of both laws](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_both_laws?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.