# Djerv

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{{short description|Cyrillic letter}}
{{other uses}}

{{Infobox grapheme
| script = [Cyrillic](/source/Cyrillic)
| type = [Alphabet](/source/Alphabet)
| typedesc = ic
| name = Djerv ({{Script|Cyrs|ꙉєрвъ}})
| image = Cyrillic letter Djerv.svg
| imagealt = 
| phonemes = [/dʑ/](/source/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate), [/tɕ/](/source/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate)
| number = 
| fam1 = 
| letter = Ꙉ ꙉ
| children = [Ћ ћ](/source/Tshe)
}}

'''Djerv''' or '''Đerv''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ɝ|v}}, {{respell|JƏRV}}; [Majuscule](/source/Majuscule): '''Ꙉ''', [Minuscule](/source/Minuscule): '''ꙉ''') is one of the [Cyrillic](/source/Cyrillic) alphabet letters that was used in [Old Cyrillic](/source/Early_Cyrillic_alphabet). It was used in many early [Serbian](/source/Serbian_language) monuments to represent the sounds {{IPA|/dʑ/}} and {{IPA|/tɕ/}} (modern đ/ђ and ć/ћ).<ref name="Maretić">Maretić, Tomislav. ''Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika'', p. 14-15. 1899.</ref> It exists in the Cyrillic Extended-B table as U+A648 and U+A649. It is the basis of the modern letters [Ћ](/source/Tshe) and [Ђ](/source/Dje); the former was in fact a direct revival of djerv and was considered the same letter.<ref name="Maretić" />

Djerv is also commonly used in [Serbian Cyrillic](/source/Serbian_Cyrillic), where it was an officially used letter. When placed before the letters н and л it represented the sounds {{IPA|/ɲ/}} and {{IPA|/ʎ/}}, which are represented by [Њ](/source/Nje) and [Љ](/source/Lje) today, respectively.

It can be transliterated as [Ǵ](/source/%C7%B4).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lunt |first1=Horace |title=Old Church Slavonic Grammar |date=1974 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |page=16}}</ref>

==Spelling reforms and forming of the letters Ћ and Ђ==
[[File:Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana Serbian Alphabet Serbian Language Serbian Literatue Saint Cyril and Metodius Illyrian joint.jpg|left|thumb|[Serbian Cyrillic script](/source/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet), with djerv. [Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana](/source/Vatican_Library), 16th century]]
The letter Ђ was formed in 1818 by [Vuk Stefanović Karadžić](/source/Vuk_Stefanovi%C4%87_Karad%C5%BEi%C4%87) after several proposals of reforming Djerv by  Lukijan Mušicki and Gligorije Geršić.<ref name="Lalević1953">{{cite book|last=Lalević|first=Miodrag S.|title=Potsetnik iz srpskohrvatskog jezika i pravopisa: s pravopisnim i jezičkim savetnikom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dWpEAAAAIAAJ|year=1953|publisher=Rad|page=75|quote= Облик му је у Вуковој азбуци дао песник Лукијан Мушицки}}</ref><ref>Петар Ђорђић. Историја српске ћирилице. Београд, 1971.</ref><ref name="Maretić" /> However the letter Ћ (also based on djerv) was first used by [Dositej Obradović](/source/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87) in a direct reform of djerv.<ref name="Maretić2">Maretić, Tomislav. ''Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga književnog jezika''. 1899.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Campbell |first=George L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lQwRD2Cb8EC&pg=PA85 |title=The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets |last2=Moseley |first2=Christopher |date=2013-05-07 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-22296-3 |pages=85 |language=en}}</ref>

==Computing codes==

{{charmap
|A648|name1=Cyrillic Capital Letter Djerv
|A649|name2=Cyrillic Small Letter Djerv 
}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |date=2020 |first=Вања С. |last=Станишић |title=Загонетке старословенског 'ђерва' |language=sr |trans-title=Puzzles of the Old Slavonic 'Đerv' |pages=113-124 |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/volume.php?pt=journals&issue=sj-2020-25-1&i=10 |doi=10.18485/sj.2020.25.1.10 |doi-access=free |journal=Српски језик: студије српске и словенске |issn=0354-9259 |volume=25 |issue=1}}
* {{cite journal |date=2000-06-26 |first=Mirko |last=Bobaš |title=Uporaba slova đerv ĵ u matici krštenih iz kraljeve sutjeske 1641-1727 |language=sh |trans-title=The use of the letter đerv ĵ in 'Matica krštenih' in Kraljeva Sutjeska 1641-1727 |pages=1–14 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/157412 |journal=Filologija |issn=0449-363X |issue=33}}

{{Cyrillic navbox}}

Category:Serbian letters
Category:Cyrillic letters

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Djerv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djerv) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djerv?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.