# Disphyma

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{{Short description|Genus of succulents}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Disphyma crassifolium subsp. clavellatum.jpg
|image_caption = [''Disphyma crassifolium'' subsp. ''clavellatum''](/source/Disphyma_crassifolium_subsp._clavellatum)
|display_parents = 3
|taxon = Disphyma
|authority = [N.E.Br.](/source/N._E._Brown)
}}

'''''Disphyma''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the family [Aizoaceae](/source/Aizoaceae) that are native to New Zealand, Australia, and the [Cape Provinces](/source/Cape_Provinces) of South Africa. Plants in this genus are [prostrate](/source/Prostrate_shrub), [annual](/source/Annual_plant) or short-lived [perennial](/source/Perennial_plant) shrubs with [succulent](/source/Succulent_plant) leaves and daisy-like flowers arranged singly on the ends of shoots with petal-like [staminode](/source/staminode)s, many [stamen](/source/stamen)s and usually five [styles](/source/Style_(botany)).

==Description==
Plants in the genus ''Disphyma'' are prostrate, annual plants or short-lived perennials with branches that root at [nodes](/source/Plant_stem). The leaves are arranged alternately and fused at the base, succulent and round to more or less triangular in cross-section. The flowers are usually arranged singly, sometimes in pairs or three, on the ends of branches or on short side shoots, each flower on a [pedicel](/source/Pedicel_(botany)) up to {{cvt|100|mm}} long. The [perianth](/source/perianth) is tube-shaped with five [sepal](/source/sepal)s, two larger and leaf-like and three smaller, slightly succulent and not leaf-like. There are many petal-like, purplish staminodes in two rows and many [stamen](/source/stamen)s in four or five rows. The [ovary](/source/Ovary_(botany)) is [inferior](/source/Ovary_(botany)) and there are usually five [styles](/source/Style_(botany)). The fruit is a [capsule](/source/Capsule_(botany)).<ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Walsh |first1=Neville G. |title=''Disphyma'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/2b758014-828d-4076-806c-120bbb6795be |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Jacobs |first1=Surrey Wilfrid Laurance |last2=Highet |first2=Jeannie |title=Genus ''Disphyma'' |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Disphyma |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Disphyma'' was first formally described in 1925 by [N. E. Brown](/source/N._E._Brown) in ''[The Gardeners' Chronicle](/source/The_Gardeners'_Chronicle)''.<ref name=APNI1>{{cite web|title=''Disphyma''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/488030|publisher=APNI|access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref><ref name="POWO">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma'' N.E.Br. |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:16167-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

As at October 2020, [Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) accepts four species:
* ''[Disphyma australe](/source/Disphyma_australe)'' <small>([Sol.](/source/Sol.) ex [Aiton](/source/William_Aiton)) [J.M.Black](/source/J.M.Black)</small> that is [endemic](/source/Endemism) to New Zealand;<ref name="POWO1">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma australe'' (Sol. ex Aiton) J.M.Black |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:361625-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>
* ''[Disphyma crassifolium](/source/Disphyma_crassifolium)'' <small>([L.](/source/Carl_Linnaeus)) [L.Bolus](/source/L.Bolus)</small> that is native to Australia and the [Cape Province](/source/Cape_Province) in southern Africa;<ref name="POWO2">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma crassifolium'' (L.) L.Bolus |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:361626-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>
* ''[Disphyma dunsdonii](/source/Disphyma_dunsdonii)'' <small>L.Bolus</small> that is endemic to the Cape Province;<ref name="POWO3">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma dunsdonii'' L.Bolus |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:361627-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>
* ''[Disphyma papillatum](/source/Disphyma_papillatum)'' <small>[Chinnock](/source/Robert_Chinnock)</small> that is endemic to the [Chatham Islands](/source/Chatham_Islands) on New Zealand;<ref name="POWO4">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma papillatum'' Chinnock |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:16167-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

Plants of the World Online also accepts two subspecies:
* ''Disphyma australe'' subsp. ''stricticaule'' <small>Chinnock</small> that is endemic to [Kermadec Island](/source/Kermadec_Island) of New Zealand;<ref name="POWO5">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma australe'' subsp. ''stricticaule''|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:874022-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>
* [''Disphyma crassifolium'' subsp. ''clavellatum''](/source/Disphyma_crassifolium_subsp._clavellatum)<small> ([Haw.](/source/Adrian_Hardy_Haworth)) Chinnock</small> that is endemic to Australia and has been introduced to the [South Island](/source/South_Island) of New Zealand.<ref name="POWO6">{{cite web |title=''Disphyma crassifolium'' subsp. ''clavellatum''|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:953044-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=17 October 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2711273}}

Category:Aizoaceae
Category:Aizoaceae genera
Category:Flora of Australia
Category:Flora of New Zealand
Category:Flora of the Cape Provinces
Category:Taxa named by N. E. Brown

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Disphyma](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disphyma) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disphyma?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.