# Dirina

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dirina
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dirina.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirina
> Source revision: 1127106801
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

For the butterfly subtribe, see [Dirina (butterfly)](/source/Dirina_(butterfly)).

***Dirina*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [lichen](/source/Lichen)-forming [fungi](/source/Fungi) in the family [Roccellaceae](/source/Roccellaceae).[1] All *Dirina* species are [crustose lichens](/source/Crustose_lichen) with a whitish to greyish brown [thallus](/source/Thallus), and live either [on rock](/source/Saxicolous_lichen) or [on bark](/source/Corticolous_lichen)–some species can live on both. The partner is a member of the [green algal](/source/Green_alga) genus *[Trentepohlia](/source/Trentepohlia_(alga))*. Most species occur in the Northern Hemisphere, and are generally restricted to coastal habitats, where they may be locally quite common. [Erythrin](/source/Erythrin) and [lecanoric acid](/source/Lecanoric_acid) are [lichen products](/source/Lichen_product) that usually occur in *Dirina* species, along with several other unidentified substances.[2]

The genus was [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 1825 by [Elias Magnus Fries](/source/Elias_Magnus_Fries).[3] Swedish lichenologist Anders Tehler published a [monograph](/source/Monograph) about the genus in 1983.[4] Thirty years later, he and his colleagues revisited *Dirina*, combining evidence from [molecular phylogenetic](/source/Molecular_phylogenetic) analysis with [morphological](/source/Morphology_(biology)) and chemical analysis. They accepted 24 species in *Dirina*, 9 of which were [described](/source/Species_description) as new to science.[2]

## Species

- *[Dirina angolana](/source/Dirina_angolana)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – [Angola](/source/Angola)
- *[Dirina approximata](/source/Dirina_approximata)* Zahlbr. (1931)[5] – [Galápagos Islands](/source/Gal%C3%A1pagos_Islands)
- *[Dirina arabica](/source/Dirina_arabica)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – [Socotra Island](/source/Socotra_Island)
- *[Dirina astridae](/source/Dirina_astridae)* Tehler (2013)[2] – [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius)
- *[Dirina badia](/source/Dirina_badia)* (Tehler) Tehler & Ertz (2013) – [Peru](/source/Peru)
- *[Dirina canariensis](/source/Dirina_canariensis)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – [Canary Islands](/source/Canary_Islands)
- *[Dirina candida](/source/Dirina_candida)* (Müll.Arg.) Tehler & Ertz (2013) – [Mediterranean Basin](/source/Mediterranean_Basin)
- *[Dirina catalinariae](/source/Dirina_catalinariae)* Hasse (1911)[6] – USA; Mexico
- *[Dirina ceratoniae](/source/Dirina_ceratoniae)* (Ach.) Fr. (1831) – Mediterranean Basin
- *[Dirina cretacea](/source/Dirina_cretacea)* (Zahlbr.) Tehler (1983) – Mediterranean Basin
- *[Dirina fallax](/source/Dirina_fallax)* De Not. (1846)[7] – Africa; Europe
- *[Dirina immersa](/source/Dirina_immersa)* Müll.Arg. (1882)[8] – Socotra Island
- *[Dirina indica](/source/Dirina_indica)* Upreti & Nayaka (2013) – India
- *[Dirina insulana](/source/Dirina_insulana)* (Tav.) Tehler (1983) – [Macaronesia](/source/Macaronesia); Europe
- *[Dirina jamesii](/source/Dirina_jamesii)* (Tehler) Tehler & Ertz (2013) – [St. Helena](/source/St._Helena), [Ascension Island](/source/Ascension_Island); Africa
- *[Dirina madagascariensis](/source/Dirina_madagascariensis)* Tehler, Ertz, Killmann, Razafindr., Sérus. & Eb.Fisch. (2013) – [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar)
- *[Dirina massiliensis](/source/Dirina_massiliensis)* Durieu & Mont. (1848) – Mediterranean Basin; Central Europe
- *[Dirina mexicana](/source/Dirina_mexicana)* Tehler (1995)[9] – Mexico
- *[Dirina monothalamia](/source/Dirina_monothalamia)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – [Cape Verde](/source/Cape_Verde); [Senegal](/source/Senegal)
- *[Dirina pacifica](/source/Dirina_pacifica)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – Galapagos Islands; [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii)
- *[Dirina pallescens](/source/Dirina_pallescens)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – Mexico
- *[Dirina paradoxa](/source/Dirina_paradoxa)* (Fée) Tehler (1986) – Caribbean
- *[Dirina sorocarpa](/source/Dirina_sorocarpa)* Tehler & Ertz (2013)[2] – Cape Verde
- *[Dirina teichiodes](/source/Dirina_teichiodes)* (Stirt.) Tehler & Ertz (2013) – Cape Verde

## References

1. ["*Dirina*"](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/46KS). [Catalogue of Life](/source/Catalogue_of_Life). Retrieved 26 November 2022.

1. Tehler, Anders; Ertz, Damien; Irestedt, Martin (2013). ["The genus *Dirina* (Roccellaceae, Arthoniales) revisited"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259433780). *The Lichenologist*. **45** (4): 427–476. [doi:10.1017/s0024282913000121](https://doi.org/10.1017/s0024282913000121). [S2CID 85670716](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85670716)

1. Fries, E.M. (1825). [*Systema Orbis Vegetabilis*](https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11732/?offset=#page=252&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=) (in Latin). Lundin: Typographia Academica. p. 244.

1. Tehler, A. (1983). "The genera *Dirina* and *Roccellina*". *Opera Botanica*. **70**

1. Zahlbruckner, A. (1931). "Neue Flechten: X" (in German). *Annales Mycologici*. **29**: 75–86.

1. Hasse, H.E. (1911). "Additions to the lichen flora of Southern California. No. 6". *The Bryologist*. **14** (6): 100–102. [doi:10.2307/3238388](https://doi.org/10.2307/3238388). [JSTOR 3238388](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3238388)

1. De Notaris, G. (1846). "Frammenti lichenografici di un lavoro inedito" (in Italian). *Giornale Botanico Italiano*. **2** (1): 174–224 [189]

1. Müller, J. (1882). "Diagnoses lichenum Socotrensium novorum a participibus expeditionum Prof. Bayley Balfour et Dr. Schweinfurth lectorum". *Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh*. **11**: 457–472.

1. Tehler, A.; Feige, G.B.; Lumbsch, H.T. (1995). "*Dirina mexicana*, a new species from the Sonoran Desert of Mexico". *The Lichenologist*. **27** (4): 255–259. [doi:10.1006/lich.1995.0024](https://doi.org/10.1006/lich.1995.0024). [S2CID 85573548](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85573548)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Dirina](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirina) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirina?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.