# Dired > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dired > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dired.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dired > Source revision: 1337445544 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|File system directory editor}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}} {{Infobox software | screenshot = Emacs Dired buffers.png | caption = Dired as implemented in Emacs, showing multiple buffers with custom colors. | developer = [Stan Kugell](/source/Stan_Kugell) (original), [Richard Stallman](/source/Richard_Stallman) (for [Emacs](/source/Emacs)), Mike Lijewski, Stuart Cracraft (standalone Unix versions) | released = Circa {{Start date and age|1974}} | latest release version = 7.17 | latest release date = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|07|30}}{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}} | operating system = [Unix-like](/source/Unix-like), [Microsoft Windows](/source/Microsoft_Windows), [macOS](/source/macOS), [Emacs](/source/Emacs) | genre = [File manager](/source/File_manager) | license = [GPL](/source/GNU_General_Public_License) ([Free software](/source/Free_software)) | website = [http://www.deinprogramm.de/sperber/software/dired/ Mike Sperber's dired page] }} {{Portal|Free and open-source software}} '''Dired''' (for '''Directory Editor''') is a [computer program](/source/computer_program) for editing [file system](/source/file_system) [directories](/source/directory_(file_systems)). It typically runs inside the [Emacs](/source/Emacs) [text editor](/source/text_editor) as a specialized [mode](/source/Emacs_mode), though standalone versions have been written. Dired was one of the first [file manager](/source/file_manager), or visual editor of file system information.{{cite web |last=Kugell |first=Stanley G. |title=SAILDART/1978-08 |publisher=[Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory](/source/Stanford_University_centers_and_institutes) DART (Dump and Restore Technique) Archive |year=1974 |url=https://www.saildart.org/DIRED.SGK%5BUP,DOC%5D1 |access-date=19 February 2014}}[https://www.saildart.org/PHONE.LST%5BP,DOC%5D23 SAILDART Username key for above] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903224616/http://www.saildart.org/PHONE.LST%5BP%2CDOC%5D23 |date=3 September 2015 }}{{failed verification|date=October 2021}} The first version of Dired was written as a stand-alone program independently in 1972 by [Dave Lebling](/source/Dave_Lebling){{Cite web|url=https://github.com/PDP-10/its-vault/blob/master/files/syseng/dired.mdl121|title = PDP-10/Its-vault| website=[GitHub](/source/GitHub) |date = 10 September 2021}} at [Project MAC](/source/Project_MAC), and circa 1974 by [Stan Kugell](/source/Stan_Kugell) at the [Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory](/source/Stanford_Artificial_Intelligence_Laboratory) (SAIL). It was incorporated into [GNU Emacs](/source/GNU_Emacs) from the earliest versions,{{cite web|url=https://github.com/typester/emacs/blob/master/etc/NEWS.1-17|title=Emacs NEWS.1-17 file|website=[GitHub](/source/GitHub) |date=8 April 2021|quote=Dired has a new command...}} and re-implemented in [C](/source/C_(programming_language)) and [C++](/source/C%2B%2B) on other operating systems.{{cite web|url=http://invisible-island.net/ded/|title=DED|quote=it is indisputable that both were inspired by an earlier stand-alone program running on Tenex available in the Stanford AI Lab (SAIL) in 1978.}}{{cite web|url=http://tldp.org/LDP/LG/issue14/dired.html|title=The Cracraft and Lijewski DIRED Programs|quote=Historically, shortly after emacs "dired" appeared in the TECO implementation, a stand-alone version was written...}} When run in Emacs, dired displays an [ls](/source/ls)-like file listing in an Emacs buffer. The list can be navigated using standard navigation commands. Several [Emacs Lisp](/source/Emacs_Lisp) scripts have been developed to extend Dired in Emacs. In combination with Tramp{{cite web |title=Tramp User Manual|publisher=[Free Software Foundation](/source/Free_Software_Foundation) |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/tramp/ |access-date=4 April 2009}} it is able to access remote file systems for editing files by means of [SSH](/source/Secure_Shell), [FTP](/source/File_Transfer_Protocol), [telnet](/source/telnet) and many other protocols, as well as the capability of accessing local files as another user in the same session. There are also functions that make it possible to rename multiple files via Emacs search and replace capabilities{{cite web|title= WDired|url=https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/WDired}} or apply [regular expressions](/source/Regular_expression) for marking (selecting) multiple files.{{cite web|title=Dired Marks vs. Flags|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Marks-vs-Flags.html}} Once marked, files can be operated on in various ways from deleting, to renaming, to executing an external shell command or elisp function on them. By means of the Lisp package dired-x{{cite web|url=https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/dired-x.html|title=Dired Extra User's Manual|last=Kremer|first=Sebastian|date=2017|publisher=[Free Software Foundation](/source/Free_Software_Foundation)|access-date=11 April 2018}} it is also possible to handle existing ls-like directory listings in a virtual Dired mode. These can also be saved again, often using the filename extension dired. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_node/emacs/Dired.html Dired manual] at [GNU](/source/GNU).org * [https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/DiredMode Entry] at the [Emacs](/source/Emacs) [wiki](/source/wiki); focuses mostly on the many scripts and tweaks that can modify the default Dired's behavior. {{EmacsNavbox}} {{File managers}} Category:Free file managers Category:Emacs modes Category:Unix file system-related software {{Unix-stub}} --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Dired](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dired) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dired?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.