# Diamond-Star Motors

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Automobile-manufacturing joint venture

For the airport serving [Matamoros, Mexico](/source/Matamoros%2C_Tamaulipas), assigned the ICAO code MMMA, see [General Servando Canales International Airport](/source/General_Servando_Canales_International_Airport).

Mitsubishi Motors North America, Inc. Manufacturing Division Formerly Diamond-Star Motors (1985–1995) Mitsubishi Motors North America (2002–2016) Type Joint venture Industry Automotive Founders Chrysler Corp. Mitsubishi Motors Defunct November 2015; 10 years ago (2015-11) Fate Chrysler sold its equity stake to Mitsubishi in 1993, which became the sole owner Key people Jerry Berwanger (EVP, COO) Hideyasu Tagaya (Chairman, MMNA) Products Automobiles Brands Chrysler Dodge Eagle Mitsubishi Plymouth Owner Chrysler (1985–1993) Mitsubishi Motors (1985–2016) Rivian (2017-Present) Number of employees 1,900 Parent Mitsubishi North America

**Mitsubishi Motors North America, Inc. Manufacturing Division** (originally, **Diamond-Star Motors**) was an [automobile](/source/Car)-manufacturing [joint venture](/source/Joint_venture) between the [Chrysler Corporation](/source/Chrysler) and [Mitsubishi Motors](/source/Mitsubishi_Motors).[1] The name came from the parent companies' respective [logos](/source/Logo): three *diamonds* (Mitsubishi) and a penta*star* (Chrysler).[2]

Diamond-Star Motors was officially renamed "Mitsubishi Motor Manufacturing of America, Inc." (MMMA) in 1995, four years after Mitsubishi took sole control of the plant, and from 2002 to 2016 its official name had been "Mitsubishi Motors North America", Inc.", and "Manufacturing Division".[3]

In the automotive enthusiast community, *DSM*, especially used in the singular (e.g. *a DSM*) generally refers to the original first- and second-generation [Mitsubishi Eclipse](/source/Mitsubishi_Eclipse), [Eagle Talon](/source/Eagle_Talon), and [Plymouth Laser](/source/Plymouth_Laser), which all shared the same Diamond-Star Motors [vehicle platform](/source/Vehicle_platform).

In January 2017, [Rivian](/source/Rivian) acquired the plant and its manufacturing contents for $16 million, as its primary North American manufacturing facility.

## History

### Background

The origins of Diamond-Star Motors can be traced back to 1970 when Chrysler took a 15 percent stake in Mitsubishi Motors, as part of MMC's strategy of expansion through [alliances](/source/Business_alliance) with foreign partners. The U.S. company began distributing Mitsubishis as [Chrysler](/source/Chrysler_(brand))-, [Dodge](/source/Dodge)-, and [Plymouth](/source/Plymouth_automobile)-branded [captive imports](/source/Captive_import) (e.g. [Dodge Colt](/source/Dodge_Colt)), a successful venture as the [compact cars](/source/Compact_car) met consumer demand for smaller and more [fuel-efficient](/source/Fuel-efficient) vehicles in the 1970s, filling a gap at the bottom of the Chrysler group's range.[4]

By 1982, Chrysler was importing 110,000 Mitsubishis annually. However, a minor conflict was forming as the Japanese now wanted to sell directly through their own-[branded](/source/Brand) dealerships. A voluntary [import quota](/source/Import_quota) system was in place at this time, restricting the number of cars Japanese [automakers](/source/Automaker) could bring into the U.S. As the Japanese company began to open its own branded dealerships to sell directly, every imported [Cordia](/source/Mitsubishi_Cordia), [Tredia](/source/Mitsubishi_Tredia), and [Starion](/source/Mitsubishi_Starion) sold by Mitsubishi had to be discounted from Chrysler's allocation.[4] Another point of contention was that Chrysler had the right of first refusal of any Mitsubishi automobiles in the US market until 1990.[5]

### Incorporation

A 1990–91 [Eclipse](/source/Mitsubishi_Eclipse), the first Mitsubishi-badged vehicle built at the Diamond-Star Motors facility

In order to circumvent this, the two partners officially incorporated Diamond-Star Motors in October 1985. An incentive package worth [US$](/source/US_dollar)274 million, and an intense and controversial lobbying effort by state and local government authorities, meant that [Illinois](/source/Illinois) won the new auto plant,[6] and in April 1986 ground was broken on a 1,900,000 sq ft (180,000 m2) production facility in the town of [Normal](/source/Normal%2C_Illinois). The plant was completed in March 1988, with an annual capacity of 240,000 vehicles.[3] In 1989, the workers at the plant formed [United Auto Workers](/source/United_Auto_Workers) Local 2488, and signed their first contract with the company.[7]

The ninth generation of the [Galant](/source/Mitsubishi_Galant) sedan was originally designed and built exclusively for the North American market, and was MMMA's volume seller.

Initially, three models were produced at this facility. The [Mitsubishi Eclipse](/source/Mitsubishi_Eclipse), [Plymouth Laser](/source/Plymouth_Laser), and [Eagle Talon](/source/Eagle_Talon) were smaller [2+2](/source/2%2B2_(car_body_style)) sports cars on a new co-designed platform. Models subsequently produced during the next decade included the [Mitsubishi Mirage](/source/Mitsubishi_Mirage)/[Dodge/Plymouth Colt](/source/Dodge_Colt)/[Eagle Summit](/source/Eagle_Summit) sedans, the [Mitsubishi Galant](/source/Mitsubishi_Galant), the [Dodge Avenger Coupe](/source/Dodge_Avenger)/[Chrysler Sebring Coupe](/source/Chrysler_Sebring), and the [Dodge Stratus Coupe](/source/Dodge_Stratus).[8]

### Departure of Chrysler

Initially Diamond-Star Motors was a 50-50 [joint venture](/source/Joint_venture) between Chrysler and Mitsubishi. However, in 1991 the Japanese company purchased its partner's interest, and thereafter the manufacture of Chrysler vehicles was on a contractual basis. Chrysler sold its equity stake to Mitsubishi in 1993, and Diamond-Star Motors was renamed Mitsubishi Motors Manufacturing America (MMMA) on July 1, 1995.[3] Despite the departure, the two companies have maintained various co-operative manufacturing agreements since and considered all vehicle produced until 1995[9] as Diamond-Star Motors.

Formerly, the plant produced vehicles using the American-developed [Mitsubishi PS platform](/source/Mitsubishi_PS_platform), including the [Endeavor](/source/Mitsubishi_Endeavor), [Galant](/source/Mitsubishi_Galant), and [Eclipse](/source/Mitsubishi_Eclipse). An expansion in 2003 enlarged the plant to 2,400,000 sq ft (220,000 m2).[10] In mid-2012, the plant began producing the [Mitsubishi ASX](/source/Mitsubishi_ASX) which is sold in United States as the Outlander Sport. Approximately 1,900 people worked in the highly mechanized plant, alongside approximately 1,000 robots.

### Closure and sale of the plant to Rivian

In July 2015, Mitsubishi announced that it would end production at the plant in [Normal](/source/Normal%2C_Illinois). The plant had been operating well below capacity for several years. In 2014, it produced just over 61,000 vehicles out of a capacity of 240,000 vehicles annually. Production would shift to Japan, with Mitsubishi importing all vehicles sold in North America. Mitsubishi said it would try to sell the plant to preserve jobs, but that the plant would be closed by November if no buyer was found.[11] Ultimately a buyer was not found in time, and production ended on the 30th of November. Most of the workers (900 out of 1200) were let go on that date, with the rest staying to build replacement parts until the final closure of the plant in May 2016.[12] Eventually the plant was sold to Maynards Industries, an auctioning and liquidation firm, with ownership to transfer June 1, 2016.[13]

In January 2017, [Rivian](/source/Rivian) acquired the plant and its manufacturing contents for $16 million, as Rivian's primary North American manufacturing facility.[14][15][16][17] Rivian's acquisition of an almost production-ready facility instead of building a new factory was likened to Tesla's acquisition of the [NUMMI](/source/NUMMI) plant in California.[17][16]

## Production

Year Vehicles 1988 2,206 1989 90,609 1990 148,532 1991 153,526 1992 140,156 1993 135,610 1994 170,318 1995 218,507 1996 193,013 1997 189,023 1998 157,364 1999 162,199 2000 222,414 2001 193,780 2002 204,234 2003 173,872 2004 113,253 2005 87,791 2006 92,499 2007 78,771 2008 59,018 2009 18,502 2010 29,375 2011 31,114 2012 47,837 2013 69,766 2014 61,974 2015 38,186 Total 3,283,449

*(source: [MMNA Production History](https://archive.today/20130103193811/http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/production/index.asp) and [Facts and Figures 2016](https://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/content/dam/com/ir_en/pdf/fact/2016/fact_2016.pdf))*

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nyt88_1-0)** ["Mixing Cultures On the Assembly Line"](https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/05/business/mixing-cultures-on-the-assembly-line.html), John Holusha, *[The New York Times](/source/The_New_York_Times)*, June 5, 1988

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nyt91_2-0)** [" Business People; Mitsubishi Executive Joins Chrysler Venture"](https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/15/business/business-people-mitsubishi-executive-joins-chrysler-venture.html), John Holusha, *The New York Times*, June 15, 1991

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-history_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-history_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-history_3-2) [History of MMMA](http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/history/index.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070117105954/http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/history/index.asp) 2007-01-17 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), MMMA official website

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fund_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fund_4-1) [History of Mitsubishi](http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Mitsubishi-Motors-Corporation-Company-History.html), Funding Universe

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ward83_5-0)** Stark, Harry A., ed. (May 1983), *Ward's Automotive Yearbook 1983*, vol. 45, Detroit, MI: Ward's Communications, p. 150, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-910589-00-3](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-910589-00-3)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-illinois_6-0)** Chapman, Margaret L.; Arun P. Elhance; John D. Wenum (1995). [*Mitsubishi Motors in Illinois*](https://books.google.com/books?id=OGQ4u2gZKxwC). Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 129. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-89930-972-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89930-972-9).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Working Class Voice: Labor Unions in McLean County"](http://www.bntrades.org/news.php?id=20) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20100917215933/http://bntrades.org/news.php?id=20) 2010-09-17 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Chapter 20: UAW 2488, Bloomington & Normal Trades & Labor Assembly web site

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** [About the vehicles](http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/vehicles/index.asp) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20021023044529/http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/vehicles/index.asp) 2002-10-23 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), MMMA official website

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Mitsubishi and Diamond-Star Motors"](http://www.allpar.com/history/mitsubishi.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [About the facility](http://www.mitsubishimanufacturing.com/about/facility/index.asp) [Deprecated link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance) archived 2012-09-07 at [archive.today](/source/Archive.today), MMMA official website

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Mitsubishi throws in towel on fading era"](http://www.autonews.com/article/20150727/OEM01/307279955/mitsubishi-throws-in-towel-on-fading-era). July 29, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Union workers say goodbye to 27 years at Mitsubishi plant"](https://web.archive.org/web/20151202174548/http://www.cinewsnow.com/news/local/Union-workers-say-goodbye-to-27-years-at-Mitsubishi-plant-359076501.html). November 30, 2015. Archived from [the original](http://www.cinewsnow.com/news/local/Union-workers-say-goodbye-to-27-years-at-Mitsubishi-plant-359076501.html) on December 2, 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Mitsubishi plant sold"](http://www.pekintimes.com/article/20160430/NEWS/160439995). Retrieved May 18, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Electrek_A_14-0)** Cite error: The named reference Electrek_A was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text)).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-PJ1_15-0)** Cite error: The named reference PJ1 was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text)).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Prenzler_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Prenzler_16-1) Cite error: The named reference Prenzler was invoked but never defined (see the [help page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text)).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Ayre_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Ayre_17-1) Ayre, James (March 25, 2017). ["Rivian Automotive (Stealth EV Startup) Granted $49.5 Million in Tax Credits From Illinois, Governor Announces"](https://cleantechnica.com/2017/03/25/rivian-automotive-stealth-ev-startup-granted-49-5-million-tax-credits-illinois-governor-announces/). *[cleantechnica.com](/source/Cleantechnica.com)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182614/https://cleantechnica.com/2017/03/25/rivian-automotive-stealth-ev-startup-granted-49-5-million-tax-credits-illinois-governor-announces/) from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.

[40°30′32″N 89°3′16″W / 40.50889°N 89.05444°W / 40.50889; -89.05444](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Diamond-Star_Motors&params=40_30_32_N_89_3_16_W_region:US-IL_type:landmark)

v t e Mitsubishi Motors subsidiaries, affiliates & factories Active Plants Mitsubishi Motors Brasil Mitsubishi Motors Philippines Mitsubishi Motors Portugal Mitsubishi Motors (Thailand) Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia Distributors Mitsubishi Motors Australia Mitsubishi Motors Europe Mitsubishi Motors North America Colt Car Company (t/a Mitsubishi Motors UK) Alliances China Motor Corporation Global Engine Manufacturing Alliance NMKV Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance Others Jatco (15%) Ralliart Mitsubishi Motors Residences BGC Taguig Cebu Makati Mandaluyong Quezon City Defunct Diamond-Star Motors Lonsdale Proton NedCar Soueast GAC Mitsubishi

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Diamond-Star Motors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond-Star_Motors) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond-Star_Motors?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.