# Dark humor > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dark_humor > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Dark_humor.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_humor > Source revision: 1355913799 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Comedic work based on taboo subject matter}} {{redirect|Black comedy}} {{redirect|Black humor|the 1965 film|Black Humor (film)|the song by Jay Chou|Jay (album)}} {{redirect|Dark comedy|the album by Open Mike Eagle|Dark Comedy (album)}} {{Use American English|date=November 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2024}} [[File:Hopscotch to oblivion.jpg|thumb|"[Hopscotch](/source/Hopscotch) to oblivion" in [Barcelona](/source/Barcelona), Spain, alluding to [suicide](/source/suicide)]] [[File:Irony.jpg|thumb|A cemetery with a "Dead End" sign, creating a [play on words](/source/Wordplay)]] '''Dark humor'''{{efn|Also known as '''dark comedy''', '''black comedy''', '''black humor''', '''bleak comedy''', '''gallows humor''' or '''morbid humor'''.}} is a style of [comedy](/source/comedy) that makes light of subject matter that is generally considered [taboo](/source/taboo), particularly subjects that are normally considered serious or painful to discuss, aiming to provoke discomfort, serious thought, and amusement for their audience. Dark humor differs from [blue comedy](/source/blue_comedy)—which focuses more on topics such as [nudity](/source/nudity), [sex](/source/Human_sexual_activity), and [body fluid](/source/body_fluid)s—and from [obscenity](/source/obscenity). Additionally, whereas the term ''dark humor'' is a relatively broad term covering humor relating to many serious subjects, ''gallows humor'' tends to be used more specifically in relation to death, or situations that are reminiscent of dying. Dark humor can occasionally be related to the [grotesque](/source/grotesque) genre.Merhi, Vanessa M. (2006) [http://gradworks.umi.com/32/40/3240247.html ''Distortion as identity from the grotesque to l'humour noir''] Literary critics have associated black comedy and black humor with authors as early as the ancient Greeks with [Aristophanes](/source/Aristophanes).''Dark Humor''. Edited by Blake Hobby. Chelsea House Press.Garrick, Jacqueline and Williams, Mary Beth (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=7jPyMPAsXwQC&pg=PA175 ''Trauma treatment techniques: innovative trends''] pp. 175–176Lipman, Steve (1991) ''Laughter in hell: the use of humor during the Holocaust'', Northvale, N.J:J Aronson Inc.Bloom, Harold (2010) [https://books.google.com/books?id=5Vf6nC8XKWsC&pg=PA80 ''Dark Humor''], ch. ''On dark humor in literature'', pp. 80–88 == Etymology == The term ''black humor'' (from the French ''humour noir'') was coined by the [Surrealist](/source/Surrealism) theorist [André Breton](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Breton) in 1935 while interpreting the writings of [Jonathan Swift](/source/Jonathan_Swift). Breton's preference was to identify some of Swift's writings as a subgenre of [comedy](/source/comedy) and [satire](/source/satire){{cite web |url=http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/black+humor |title=black humor – Hutchinson encyclopedia article about black humor |publisher=Encyclopedia.farlex.com |access-date=24 June 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511105047/http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/black+humor |url-status=dead }} in which laughter arises from [cynicism](/source/Cynicism_(contemporary)) and [skepticism](/source/skepticism),Real, Hermann Josef (2005) [https://books.google.com/books?id=L7jEg8rQZoUC The reception of Jonathan Swift in Europe], p.90 quote: {{blockquote|At least, Swift's text is preserved, and so is a prefatory note by the French writer André Breton, which emphasizes Swift's importance as the originator of black humor, of laughter that arises from cynicism and scepticism.}} often relying on topics such as death.Thomas Leclair (1975) [https://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=589E4DCAE3AB2134D7AA2D9EBD790497.inst3_3a?docId=95258188 ''Death and Black Humor''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125110/https://www.gale.com/databases/questia?docId=95258188 |date=18 January 2023 }} in ''Critique'', Vol. 17, 1975{{cite journal|last=Rowe|first=W. Woodin|year=1974| journal=The Slavic and East European Journal|title=Observations on Black Humor in Gogol' and Nabokov|volume=18|issue=4|pages=392–399|jstor=306869|doi=10.2307/306869}} Breton coined the term for his 1940 book ''[Anthology of Black Humor](/source/Anthology_of_Black_Humor)'' (''Anthologie de l'humour noir''), in which he credited [Jonathan Swift](/source/Jonathan_Swift) as the originator of black humor and gallows humor (particularly in his pieces ''[Directions to Servants](/source/Directions_to_Servants)'' (1731), ''[A Modest Proposal](/source/A_Modest_Proposal)'' (1729), ''[Meditation Upon a Broomstick](/source/Meditation_Upon_a_Broomstick)'' (1710), and in a few [aphorism](/source/aphorism)s).{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/21/anthology-of-black-humour | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Nicholas | last=Lezard | author-link=Nicholas Lezard | title=From the sublime to the surreal | date=21 February 2009 | access-date=11 December 2016 | archive-date=16 November 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116075232/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/21/anthology-of-black-humour | url-status=live }}[André Breton](/source/Andr%C3%A9_Breton) introduction to Swift in ''[Anthology of Black Humor](/source/Anthology_of_Black_Humor)'', quote: {{blockquote|When it comes to black humor, everything designates him as the true initiator. In fact, it is impossible to coordinate the fugitive traces of this kind of humor before him, not even in Heraclitus and the Cynics or in the works of Elizabethan dramatic poets. [...] historically justify his being presented as the first black humorist. Contrary to what Voltaire might have said, Swift was in no sense a "perfected Rabelais." He shared to the smallest possible degree Rabelais's taste for innocent, heavy-handed jokes and his constant drunken good humor. [...] a man who grasped things by reason and never by feeling, and who enclosed himself in skepticism; [...] Swift can rightfully be considered the inventor of "savage" or "gallows" humor.}} In his book, Breton included excerpts from 45 other writers, including both examples in which the wit arises from a victim with which the audience empathizes, as is more typical in the tradition of gallows humor, and examples in which the comedy is used to mock the victim. In the last cases, the victim's suffering is trivialized, which leads to sympathizing with the victimizer, as analogously found in the social commentary and social criticism of the writings of, for instance, the [Marquis de Sade](/source/Marquis_de_Sade). == History == {{Globalize section|date=February 2023|the [United States](/source/United_States)}} Christian martyr [Saint Lawrence](/source/Saint_Lawrence) became the [patron saint](/source/patron_saint) of comedians because he made a dark joke during his own execution.{{cite book | last = Pinker | first = Steven | authorlink = Steven Pinker | title = [The Better Angels of Our Nature](/source/The_Better_Angels_of_Our_Nature): Why Violence Has Declined | date = 2011 | publisher = Viking | location = New York | isbn = 9780670022953 | page = 37 }} He was sentenced to death via being [burned alive](/source/Death_by_burning) on a [rotisserie](/source/rotisserie), during which he is said to have quipped, "Turn me over. I'm done on this side." He is also the patron saint of [chefs](/source/Chef) because of this.{{Cite web |last=Stagnaro |first=Angelo |date=2020-08-10 |title=St. Lawrence Laughed in the Face of Death |url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/st-lawrence-laughed-in-the-face-of-death |access-date=2025-12-09 |website=NCR |language=en}} ===Great Britain and the United States=== Among the first American writers who employed black comedy in their works were [Nathanael West](/source/Nathanael_West) and [Vladimir Nabokov](/source/Vladimir_Nabokov).Merriam-Webster, Inc (1995) [https://books.google.com/books?id=eKNK1YwHcQ4C&pg=PA144 ''Merriam-Webster's encyclopedia of literature''], entry ''black humor'', p.144 The concept of black humor first came to nationwide attention after the publication of a 1965 mass-market [paperback](/source/paperback) titled ''Black Humor'', edited by [Bruce Jay Friedman](/source/Bruce_Jay_Friedman).{{cite book | last=O'Neill | first=Patrick | chapter=The Comedy of Entropy: The Contexts of Black Humor | title=Dark Humor | editor1=Harold Bloom | editor2=Blake Hobby | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Vf6nC8XKWsC&pg=PA80 | page=82 | series=Bloom's Literary Themes | year=2010 | publisher=Infobase Publishing | location=New York, New York | isbn=9781438131023 | access-date=25 March 2017}} The paperback was one of the first American anthologies devoted to the concept of black humor as a literary genre. With the paperback, Friedman labeled as "black humorists" a variety of authors, such as [J. P. Donleavy](/source/J._P._Donleavy), [Edward Albee](/source/Edward_Albee), [Joseph Heller](/source/Joseph_Heller), [Thomas Pynchon](/source/Thomas_Pynchon), [John Barth](/source/John_Barth), Vladimir Nabokov, [Bruce Jay Friedman](/source/Bruce_Jay_Friedman) himself, and [Louis-Ferdinand Céline](/source/Louis-Ferdinand_C%C3%A9line). Among the recent writers suggested as black humorists by journalists and literary critics are [Roald Dahl](/source/Roald_Dahl),James Carter [https://books.google.com/books?id=IQDVsfeTHeAC&q=roald+dahl+black+humour&pg=RA1-PA97 Talking Books: Children's Authors Talk About the Craft, Creativity and Process of Writing, Volume 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125108/https://books.google.com/books?id=IQDVsfeTHeAC&pg=RA1-PA97#v=onepage&q=roald%20dahl%20black%20humour |date=18 January 2023 }} p.97 Routledge, 2002 [Kurt Vonnegut](/source/Kurt_Vonnegut),{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-blackhum.html|title=black humor – Dictionary definition of black humor – Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=encyclopedia.com|access-date=15 April 2018|archive-date=20 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020152750/http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-blackhum.html|url-status=live}} [Warren Zevon](/source/Warren_Zevon), [Christopher Durang](/source/Christopher_Durang), [Philip Roth](/source/Philip_Roth), and [Veikko Huovinen](/source/Veikko_Huovinen).{{Cite web|url=https://www.booksfromfinland.fi/2013/05/panu-rajala-hirmuinen-humoristi-veikko-huovisen-satiirit-ja-savotat-the-awesome-humorist-the-satires-and-logging-sites-of-veikko-huovinen/|title=Panu Rajala: Hirmuinen humoristi. Veikko Huovisen satiirit ja savotat [The awesome humorist. The satires and logging sites of Veikko Huovinen] | Books from Finland|date=16 May 2013|access-date=21 March 2021|archive-date=18 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125125/https://www.booksfromfinland.fi/2013/05/panu-rajala-hirmuinen-humoristi-veikko-huovisen-satiirit-ja-savotat-the-awesome-humorist-the-satires-and-logging-sites-of-veikko-huovinen/|url-status=live}} [Evelyn Waugh](/source/Evelyn_Waugh) has been called "the first contemporary writer to produce the sustained black comic novel."{{Cite web |last=Lynch |first=Tibbie Elizabet |date=1982 |title=Forms and functions of black humor in the fiction of Evelyn Waugh |url=https://repository.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/DISSERTATIONS-516374 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108062621/https://repository.tamu.edu/handle/1969.1/DISSERTATIONS-516374 |archive-date=November 8, 2023 |access-date=November 8, 2023}} The motive for applying the label black humorist to the writers cited above is that they have written novels, poems, stories, plays, and songs in which profound or horrific events were portrayed in a comic manner. [Lenny Bruce](/source/Lenny_Bruce), who since the late 1950s has been labeled as using "[sick comedy](/source/sick_comedy)" by mainstream journalists, has also been labeled with "black comedy". == Nature and functions == [[File:18251112 Nine-pin bowler execution - gallows humor - Sag Harbor Corrector.jpg|thumb|An 1825 New York newspaper used a gallows humor "story" of a criminal whose last wish before being beheaded was to go [nine-pin bowling](/source/nine-pin_bowling), using his own severed head on his final roll, and taking delight in having achieved a strike.{{cite news |title=From a late German Paper |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/sag-harbor-corrector-nov-12-1825-p-1/ |work=The Corrector |date=12 November 1825 |location=Sag Harbor, Long Island, New York, U.S. |page=1}} "Bowl" means '''''ball''''' in modern parlance. [Nine-pin bowling](/source/Nine-pin_bowling) preceded modern [ten-pin bowling](/source/ten-pin_bowling).]] [Sigmund Freud](/source/Sigmund_Freud), in his 1927 essay ''Humor'' (''Der Humor''), although not mentioning 'black humor' specifically, cites a literal instance of gallows humor before writing: "The ego refuses to be distressed by the provocations of reality, to let itself be compelled to suffer. It insists that it cannot be affected by the traumas of the external world; it shows, in fact, that such traumas are no more than occasions for it to gain pleasure."{{cite web | author=Sigmund Freud | year=1927 | title=Humor | url=https://pdfcoffee.com/sigmund-freud-humor-1927-5-pdf-free.html}} Some other sociologists elaborated this concept further. [Paul Lewis](/source/Paul_Lewis_(professor)) warns that this "relieving" aspect of gallows jokes depends on the context of the joke: whether the joke is being told by the threatened person themselves or by someone else.Paul Lewis, "Three Jews and a Blindfold: The Politics of Gallows Humor", In: "Semites and Stereotypes: Characteristics of Jewish Humor" (1993), {{ISBN|0-313-26135-0}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4k5rE4eHjMC&pg=PA53 p. 49] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125115/https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4k5rE4eHjMC&pg=PA53#PPA49,M1 |date=18 January 2023 }} Black comedy has the social effect of strengthening the [morale](/source/morale) of the oppressed and undermines the morale of the oppressors.Obrdlik, Antonin J. (1942) [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2769536 ''"Gallows Humor"-A Sociological Phenomenon''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125115/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2769536 |date=18 January 2023 }}, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 47, No. 5 (Mar. 1942), pp. 709–716Mariah Snyder, Ruth Lindquist [https://books.google.com/books?id=vdl4s1zHPdIC&pg=PA111 ''Complementary and alternative therapies in nursing''] According to [Wylie Sypher](/source/Wylie_Sypher), "to be able to laugh at evil and error means we have surmounted them."[Wylie Sypher](/source/Wylie_Sypher) quoted in ZhouRaymond, Jingqiong [https://books.google.com/books?id=cLTsZ39XW80C&pg=PA132 ''Carver's short fiction in the history of black humor''] p.132 Black comedy is a natural human instinct and examples of it can be found in stories from antiquity. Its use was widespread in [middle Europe](/source/middle_Europe), from where it was imported to the United States.[Kurt Vonnegut](/source/Kurt_Vonnegut) (1971) ''Running Experiments Off: An Interview'', interview by Laurie Clancy, published in ''Meanjin Quarterly'', 30 (Autumn, 1971), pp. 46–54, and in ''Conversations with Kurt Vonnegut'', quote:{{blockquote|The term was part of the language before Freud wrote an essay on it—'gallows humor.' This is middle European humor, a response to hopeless situations. It's what a man says faced with a perfectly hopeless situation and he still manages to say something funny. Freud gives examples: A man being led out to be hanged at dawn says, 'Well, the day is certainly starting well.' It's generally called Jewish humor in this country. Actually it's humor from the peasants' revolt, the forty years' war, and from the Napoleonic wars. It's small people being pushed this way and that way, enormous armies and plagues and so forth, and still hanging on in the face of hopelessness. Jewish jokes are middle European jokes and the black humorists are gallows humorists, as they try to be funny in the face of situations which they see as just horrible.}}{{Verify source|date=July 2021}} It is rendered with the German expression ''Galgenhumor'' (cynical last words before getting hangedLynch, Mark [https://es.toonpool.com/cartoons/Typical%20man_236420 ''A witch, before being burned at the stake: Typical man! I can never get him to cook anything at home (cartoon)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230118125124/https://es.toonpool.com/cartoons/Typical%20man_236420 |date=18 January 2023 }}). The concept of gallows humor is comparable to the French expression ''rire jaune'' (lit. ''yellow laughing''),Redfern, W. D. and Redfern, Walter (2005) [https://books.google.com/books?id=SU0MxAMRCawC&pg=PA211 ''Calembours, ou les puns et les autres : traduit de l'intraduisible ''], p.211 quote: {{blockquote|Des termes parents du ''Galgenhumor'' sont: : comédie noire, plaisanterie macabre, rire jaune. (J'en offre un autre: gibêtises).}}Müller, Walter (1961) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Nws8AAAAIAAJ ''Französische Idiomatik nach Sinngruppen''], p.178 quote: {{blockquote|humour macabre, humeur de désespéré, (action de) rire jaune ''Galgenhumor'' propos guilleret ''etwas freie, gewagte Äußerung''}}Dupriez, Bernard Marie (1991) [https://books.google.com/books?id=uff2N62Jx9wC&pg=PA313 ''A dictionary of literary devices: gradus, A-Z''], p.313 quote: {{blockquote|Walter Redfern, discussing puns about death, remarks: 'Related terms to gallows humour are: black comedy, sick humour, rire jaune. In all, pain and pleasure are mixed, perhaps the definitive recipe for all punning' (Puns, p. 127).}} which also has a [Germanic](/source/West_Germanic_languages) equivalent in the [Belgian Dutch](/source/Flemish_dialects) expression ''groen lachen'' (lit. ''green laughing'').{{cite book |last =Brachin|first = Pierre |date=1985|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=GeUUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA102 |title =The Dutch language: a survey|isbn = 9789004075931 |pages = 101–2 |publisher = Brill Archive}}Claude et Marcel De Grève, Françoise Wuilmart, ''[http://www.flsh.unilim.fr/ditl/TRADUCTION.htm Treaduction / Translation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519173702/http://www.flsh.unilim.fr/ditl/TRADUCTION.htm |date=19 May 2011 }}'', section ''Histoire et théorie de la traduction – Recherches sur les microstructures'', in: Grassin, Jean-Marie (ed.), [http://www.ditl.info DITL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108073314/http://ditl.info/ |date=8 November 2018 }} (Dictionnaire International des Termes Littéraires), [22 November 2010]"(1950) [https://books.google.com/books?id=posrAQAAIAAJ ''Zaïre''], Volume 4, Part 1, p.138 quote: {{blockquote|En français on dit « rire jaune », en flamand « groen lachen »}}Chédel, André (1965) [https://books.google.com/books?id=mQBAAAAAIAAJ ''Description moderne des langues du monde: le latin et le grec inutile?''] p.171 quote: {{blockquote|Les termes jaune, vert, bleu évoquent en français un certain nombre d'idées qui sont différentes de celles que suscitent les mots holandais correspondants geel, groen, blauw. Nous disons : rire jaune, le Hollandais dit : rire vert ( groen lachen ); ce que le Néerlandais appelle un vert (een groentje), c'est ce qu'en français on désigne du nom de bleu (un jeune soldat inexpéribenté)... On voit que des confrontations de ce genre permettent de concevoir une étude de la psychologie des peuples fondée sur les associations d'idées que révèlent les variations de sens (sémantique), les expressions figurées, les proverbes et les dictions.}} Italian comedian [Daniele Luttazzi](/source/Daniele_Luttazzi) discussed gallows humor focusing on the particular type of laughter that it arouses (''risata verde'' or ''groen lachen''), and said that [grotesque](/source/grotesque) [satire](/source/satire), as opposed to [ironic](/source/irony) satire, is the one that most often arouses this kind of laughter.Pardo, Denise (2001) [http://quattrostracci.altervista.org/SforzaItalia/intervis2.htm Interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820100021/http://quattrostracci.altervista.org/SforzaItalia/intervis2.htm |date=20 August 2008 }} with Daniele Luttazzi, in ''[L'Espresso](/source/L'Espresso)'', 1 February 2001 quote: {{blockquote|Q: Critiche feroci, interrogazioni parlamentari: momenti duri per la satira.
A: Satira è far ridere a spese di chi è più ricco e potente di te. Io sono specialista nella risata verde, quella dei cabaret di Berlino degli anni Venti e Trenta. Nasce dalla disperazione. Esempio: l'Italia è un paese dove la commissione di vigilanza parlamentare Rai si comporta come la commissione stragi e viceversa. Oppure: il mistero di Ustica è irrisolto? Sono contento: il sistema funziona.}}[Daniele Luttazzi](/source/Daniele_Luttazzi) (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060506133300/http://www.danieleluttazzi.it/?q=node%2F221 Interview], in the Italian edition of ''[Rolling Stone](/source/Rolling_Stone)'', November 2004. Quote: {{blockquote|racconto di satira grottesca [...] L'obiettivo del grottesco è far percepire l'orrore di una vicenda. Non è la satira cui siamo abituati in Italia: la si ritrova nel cabaret degli anni '20 e '30, poi è stata cancellata dal carico di sofferenze della guerra. Aggiungo che io avevo spiegato in apertura di serata che ci sarebbero stati momenti di satira molto diversi. Satira ironica, che fa ridere, e satira grottesca, che può far male. Perché porta alla risata della disperazione, dell'impotenza. La risata verde. Era forte, perché coinvolgeva in un colpo solo tutti i cardini satirici: politica, religione, sesso e morte. Quello che ho fatto è stato accentuare l'interazione tra gli elementi. Non era di buon gusto? Rabelais e Swift, che hanno esplorato questi lati oscuri della nostra personalità, non si sono mai posti il problema del buon gusto.}}Marmo, Emanuela (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060506133300/http://www.danieleluttazzi.it/?q=node%2F221 Interview] with Daniele Luttazzi (March 2004) quote: {{blockquote|Quando la satira poi riesce a far ridere su un argomento talmente drammatico di cui si ride perché non c'è altra soluzione possibile, si ha quella che nei cabaret di Berlino degli Anni '20 veniva chiamata la "risata verde". È opportuno distinguere una satira ironica, che lavora per sottrazione, da una satira grottesca, che lavora per addizione. Questo secondo tipo di satira genera più spesso la risata verde. Ne erano maestri Kraus e Valentin.}} In the [Weimar era](/source/Weimar_Republic) ''[Kabarett](/source/Kabarett)s'', this genre was particularly common, and according to Luttazzi, [Karl Valentin](/source/Karl_Valentin) and [Karl Kraus](/source/Karl_Kraus_(writer)) were the major masters of it. Black comedy is common in professions and environments where workers routinely have to deal with dark subject matter. This includes [police officer](/source/police_officer)s,{{cite book|last=Wettone|first=Graham|title=How To Be A Police Officer|date=2017|publisher=Biteback|isbn=9781785902192|page=4|chapter=1}} [firefighter](/source/firefighter)s,{{cite magazine |url=https://www.firechief.com/2018/03/21/firefighter-humor-stops-being-funny-when-civilians-arent-in-on-the-joke/|magazine=[Fire Chief](/source/Fire_Chief_(magazine)) |title=Firefighter humor stops being funny when civilians aren't in on the joke |date=21 March 2018|access-date=8 March 2019|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321175002/https://www.firechief.com/2018/03/21/firefighter-humor-stops-being-funny-when-civilians-arent-in-on-the-joke/|archive-date=21 March 2018}} [ambulance](/source/ambulance) crews,{{cite journal |last1=Christopher |first1=Sarah |title=An introduction to black humour as a coping mechanism for student paramedics |journal=Journal of Paramedic Practice |date=December 2015 |volume=7 |issue= 12|pages=610–615 |doi=10.12968/jpar.2015.7.12.610 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285582173|language=en }} [military](/source/military) personnel, journalists, lawyers, and [funeral director](/source/funeral_director)s,{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/8162822/Funeral-directors-most-likely-to-laugh-at-Christmas-cracker-jokes.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/topics/christmas/8162822/Funeral-directors-most-likely-to-laugh-at-Christmas-cracker-jokes.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=The Daily Telegraph|title=Funeral directors most likely to laugh at Christmas cracker jokes|date=27 November 2010|access-date=16 August 2019}}{{cbignore}} where it is an acknowledged [coping](/source/coping) mechanism. It has been encouraged within these professions to make note of the context in which these jokes are told, as outsiders may not react the way that those with mutual knowledge do. A 2017 study published in the journal ''Cognitive Processing''{{cite journal |last1=Willinger |first1=Ulrike |last2=Hergovich |first2=Andreas |last3=Schmoeger |first3=Michaela |display-authors=etal |title=Cognitive and emotional demands of black humour processing: the role of intelligence, aggressiveness and mood |journal=Cognitive Processing |date=1 May 2017 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=159–167 |doi=10.1007/s10339-016-0789-y |pmid=28101812 |language=en |issn=1612-4790|pmc=5383683 }} concludes that people who appreciate dark humor "may have higher IQs, show lower aggression, and resist negative feelings more effectively than people who turn up their noses at it."{{cite web |last1=Specktor |first1=Brandon |title=If You Laugh at These Dark Jokes, You're Probably a Genius |url=https://www.rd.com/culture/dark-sense-of-humor-and-intelligence/ |website=Reader's Digest |access-date=15 April 2019 |date=15 October 2017}} == See also == * [Blue comedy](/source/Blue_comedy) * [Comedy horror](/source/Comedy_horror) * [Cringe comedy](/source/Cringe_comedy) * [Cruel jokes](/source/Cruel_jokes) * [Dead baby jokes](/source/Dead_baby_jokes) * [Doomer](/source/Doomer) * [Holocaust humor](/source/Holocaust_humor) * [List of British dark comedies](/source/List_of_British_dark_comedies) * [Macabre](/source/Macabre) * [Satire (film and television)](/source/Satire_(film_and_television)) * [Surreal humour](/source/Surreal_humour) == Notes == {{Notelist}} == References == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Comedy footer}} {{film genres}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Black Comedy}} Category:Black comedy Category:Film genres Category:Humour Category:Jokes Category:Stand-up comedy --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Dark humor](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_humor) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_humor?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.