# Daniel Hanbury

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{{Short description|British botanist and pharmacologist (1825–1875)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name              = Daniel Hanbury
| native_name       = 
| native_name_lang  = 
| image             = Daniel Hanbury.jpg
| image_size        = 250px
| alt               = 
| caption           = Portrait of Daniel Hanbury, from ''Hortus Mortolensis'', 1912
| birth_date        = 11 September 1825
| birth_place       = [Clapham](/source/Clapham), [Surrey](/source/Surrey)
| death_date        =  {{death-date and age|24 March 1875|11 September 1825}}
| death_place       = Clapham
| resting_place             = Quaker burial ground, [Wandsworth](/source/Wandsworth)
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| other_names       = 
| citizenship       = 
| fields            = [pharmacology](/source/pharmacology), [botany](/source/botany), [pharmacognosy](/source/pharmacognosy)
| workplaces        = London, [La Mortola](/source/La_Mortola)
| alma_mater        = [Pharmaceutical Society](/source/Pharmaceutical_Society)
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| doctoral_students = 
| notable_students  = 
| known_for         = [Giardini Botanici Hanbury](/source/Giardini_Botanici_Hanbury), La Mortola
| author_abbrev_bot = D.Hanb
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| signature         = <!--(filename only)-->
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}}
'''Daniel Hanbury'''  [FRS](/source/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society) (11 September 1825 – 24 March 1875) was a [British](/source/British_people) [botanist](/source/botanist) and [pharmacologist](/source/pharmacologist). He was an early student of [pharmacognosy](/source/pharmacognosy), the study of the [medicinal](/source/medicinal) applications of [nature](/source/nature), principally of [plant](/source/plant)s.{{r|dnb}}

== Life ==

Hanbury was born on 11 September 1825 in [Clapham](/source/Clapham), at that time in [Surrey](/source/Surrey), the eldest son of Daniel Bell Hanbury, a [Quaker](/source/Quaker) [pharmacist](/source/pharmacist), and his wife Rachel, ''née'' Christy. He went to [Clapham Grammar School](/source/Clapham_Grammar_School) in 1833, and in 1841 started work at his father's firm, [Allen & Hanbury's](/source/Allen_%26_Hanbury's) in the [City of London](/source/City_of_London). In 1857 he completed his training in [pharmaceutical chemistry](/source/pharmaceutical_chemistry) at the [Pharmaceutical Society](/source/Pharmaceutical_Society).{{r|dnb|kew}} While there he had come into contact with pharmacist-botanists including [Jacob Bell](/source/Jacob_Bell_(chemist)), [Jonathan Pereira](/source/Jonathan_Pereira) and [Theophilus Redwood](/source/Theophilus_Redwood), and had become interested both in botany and in [pharmacognosy](/source/pharmacognosy), the knowledge of medicines, and particularly of their geographical and botanical origins.{{r|dnb}}

Hanbury never married, was a [vegetarian](/source/vegetarianism), and – like many of his [Victorian](/source/Victorian_era) contemporaries – opposed the use of [alcohol](/source/alcohol_(drug)) and [tobacco](/source/tobacco).

He retired from business in 1870, and in 1874, in partnership with the Swiss botanist [Friedrich August Flückiger](/source/Friedrich_August_Fl%C3%BCckiger), published his ''Pharmacographia''.{{r|dnb}} He died on 24 March 1875 in [Clapham](/source/Clapham) of [typhoid fever](/source/typhoid_fever), and was buried in the burial ground of the [Society of Friends](/source/Society_of_Friends) at [Wandsworth](/source/Wandsworth).{{r|dnb}}

==Work==
Hanbury's extensive knowledge of the world's botany was based on years of study, collecting and travel – trips to the [Middle East](/source/Middle_East) and throughout [Europe](/source/Europe) were supplemented by extensive correspondence with colleagues throughout the world. He was an essential partner to his brother, [Sir Thomas Hanbury](/source/Thomas_Hanbury), in selecting specimens for and establishing the [Giardini Botanici Hanbury](/source/Giardini_Botanici_Hanbury) at [La Mortola](/source/La_Mortola), now maintained by the [University of Genoa](/source/University_of_Genoa). On his death, Sir Thomas donated his brother's entire botanical cabinet collection to [Kew Gardens](/source/Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/royal-pharmaceutical-society-collection/hanbury-herbarium-and-collection/ |title=The Hanbury Herbarium at Kew Gardens |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629205906/http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/topic/royal-pharmaceutical-society-collection/hanbury-herbarium-and-collection/ |archive-date=29 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> where it is now part of the Economic Botany Collection.

Hanbury's first published contribution, in volume 1 of the ''Transactions of the [Pharmaceutical Society](/source/Royal_Pharmaceutical_Society)'', was published soon after starting his work.  It was followed, regularly, by a stream of articles and papers describing the pharmacological applications of various plants, [insects](/source/insects), and [chemicals](/source/chemicals), and published in such distinguished sources as the ''Pharmaceutical Journal'' and the ''Transactions of the [Linnean Society](/source/Linnean_Society_of_London)''.

During his career he was president of the [British Pharmaceutical Conference](/source/British_Pharmaceutical_Conference), botanical examiner of the Board of Examiners of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (1860–1872; elected member 1857<ref>"Memoir of Daniel Hanbury" published in his ''Science Papers ...'' (p. [3]-40)</ref>), and in several other major professional capacities. He was elected a [Fellow of the Royal Society](/source/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society) in 1867.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqPos=2&dsqSearch=%28Surname%3D%27hanbury%27%29 |title=Library and Archive Catalogue |publisher=Royal Society |accessdate=2012-03-09 }}{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 1858 [Berthold Carl Seemann](/source/Berthold_Carl_Seemann) named the ''[Hanburia](/source/Hanburia_(plant))'' genus of South American plants in the [Cucurbitaceae](/source/Cucurbitaceae) after him.<ref>{{cite web |title=''Hanburia'' Seem. {{!}} Plants of the World Online {{!}} Kew Science |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:13301-1 |website=Plants of the World Online |access-date=21 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=September 2021}}

== Publications ==
Hanbury's published works include:
* ''Pharmacographia; A History of the Principal Drugs of Vegetable Origin met with in Great Britain and British India'' (1874) ([1879 edition revised by Friedrich Flückiger](/source/iarchive%3Ab21355022)){{r|kew}}
*''Science Papers, Chiefly Pharmacological and Botanical'' (1876), a compendium of his papers, articles and journal contributions.
{{botanist|D.Hanb.|Hanbury, Daniel}}

== References ==
{{Commons category}}
<references>

<ref name=dnb>{{cite ODNB | url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12179 | isbn=978-0-19-861412-8 | doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12179 | title=The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | date=2004 }}</ref>

<ref name=kew>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110629210009/http://www.kew.org/collections/ecbot/collections/daniel-hanbury/index.html Daniel Hanbury]. Economic Botany Collection, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived 29 June 2011.</ref>

</references>

{{Authority control|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hanbury}}
Category:1825 births
Category:1875 deaths
Category:Pharmacists from London
Category:British pharmacologists
Category:Deaths from typhoid fever in England
Category:19th-century English people
Category:Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Category:Pharmacognosists
Category:British fellows of the Royal Society
Category:19th-century English botanists

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Daniel Hanbury](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hanbury) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Hanbury?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.