# Daniel Chalonge

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{{Short description|French astronomer and astrophysicist (1895–1977)}}
{{Other uses|Chalonge (disambiguation){{!}}Chalonge}}
'''Daniel Chalonge''' (January 21, 1895 – November 28, 1977) was a French [astronomer](/source/astronomer) and [astrophysicist](/source/astrophysicist). He was born in [Grenoble](/source/Grenoble) and studied in Paris under [Charles Fabry](/source/Charles_Fabry).<ref>{{cite book |title=The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers |last=Hockey |first=Thomas |year=2009 |publisher=[Springer Publishing](/source/Springer_Publishing) |isbn=978-0-387-31022-0 |accessdate=August 22, 2012 |url=http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/58264.html}}</ref>   Chalonge worked as an astronomer at the [Observatoire de Paris](/source/Observatoire_de_Paris), the Observatoire d'Haute Provence and the Swiss Jungfraujoch Scientific Station. One of the founders of the [Institut d'astrophysique de Paris](/source/Institut_d'astrophysique_de_Paris), his studies included the stellar [spectrum](/source/spectrum) of [hydrogen](/source/hydrogen), stellar [photometry](/source/photometry_(astronomy)) and classification, and measurement of the [ozone layer](/source/ozone_layer). During the Nazi occupation of France, Chalogne assumed the position of director of the Institut d'astrophysique de Paris after the previous director, Henri Mineur, was arrested by the [Gestapo](/source/Gestapo).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Cook|first=A. H.|date=1980|title=Obituary - Chalonge, Daniel|url=https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/seri/QJRAS/0021//0000482.000.html|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=21|pages=481–483|via=Astrophysics Data System}}</ref> Chalonge developed a microphotometer, which was subsequently named after him. Between 1936 and 1982 he authored (or co-authored) over 90 scientific papers.

Chalonge died in [Paris](/source/Paris), survived by his wife and two daughters, Karen and Sonia.<ref name=":0" />

==Biography==
A former student of the [École normale supérieure (Paris)](/source/%C3%89cole_normale_sup%C3%A9rieure_(Paris)) (class of 1916),<ref>{{cite web |title=L'annuaire |url=https://www.archicubes.ens.fr/lannuaire#annuaire_chercher?identite=chalonge |website=ens.fr}}</ref> Daniel Chalonge obtained his agrégation in physics in 1921 <ref>{{cite web |title=Les agrégés de l'enseignement secondaire. Répertoire 1809-1960<!-- Vérifiez ce titre --> |url=http://rhe.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/?q=agregsecondaire_laureats&nom=&annee_op=%3D&annee%5Bvalue%5D=1921&annee%5Bmin%5D=&annee%5Bmax%5D=&periode=All&concours=15&items_per_page=10 |website=cnrs.fr}}</ref>and studied under professor and astronomer [Charles Fabry](/source/Charles_Fabry). He was one of the founders of the Paris Astrophysics Institute. He studied and analyzed the stellar spectrum of hydrogen, stellar photometry, and the measurement and classification of the ozone layer. He worked on this research with astrophysicists [Daniel Barbier](/source/Daniel_Barbier) and Renée Canavaggia. 

Daniel Chalonge worked as an astronomer at the [Paris Observatory](/source/Paris_Observatory), the Haute-Provence Observatory, and the Swiss scientific station at Jungfraujoch. 

Daniel Chalonge developed a microphotometer, which was later named after him.

Between 1936 and 1982, he authored (or co-authored) nearly a hundred scientific articles. 

==Awards and honors==
* [Janssen Medal](/source/Janssen_Medal_(French_Academy_of_Sciences)) from the [French Academy of Sciences](/source/French_Academy_of_Sciences) (1949)
* The crater [Chalonge](/source/Chalonge_(crater)) on the [Moon](/source/Moon) is named after him.
* Chalonge mountain in the [Alps](/source/Alps) is named after him.
* The ''International School of Astrophysics Daniel Chalonge'' is named after him.
* The ''Daniel Chalonge Museum'' in [Erice](/source/Erice), [Italy](/source/Italy) is named after him.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://chalonge.obspm.fr International School of Astrophysics Daniel Chalonge]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chalonge, Daniel}}
Category:1895 births
Category:1975 deaths
Category:20th-century French astronomers

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Daniel Chalonge](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chalonge) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chalonge?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.