# Damper winding

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{{Short description|Component of electric motor or generator}}
thumb|Bars and rings of the damper (amortisseur) winding of an AC generator (General Electric, early 20th century). Note the gaps in the cage along the quadrature axes.
The '''damper winding''' (also '''amortisseur winding'''{{sfn | Klempner | Kerszenbaum | 2004 | p=73}}) is a [squirrel-cage](/source/Squirrel-cage_rotor)-like winding on the rotor of a typical  synchronous [electric machine](/source/electric_machine). It is used to dampen the transient oscillations and facilitate the start-up operation.{{sfn | Pyrhonen | Jokinen | Hrabovcova | 2013 | p=152}}

Since the design of a damper winding is similar to that of an [asynchronous motor](/source/asynchronous_motor), the winding technically enables the [direct-on-line](/source/direct-on-line) start and can even be used for the motor operation in the asynchronous mode.{{sfn | Pyrhonen | Jokinen | Hrabovcova | 2013 | p=152}}

Originally the damper winding was invented by [Maurice Leblanc](/source/Maurice_Leblanc_(engineer)) in France and [Benjamin G. Lamme](/source/Benjamin_G._Lamme) in the US to deal with the problem of [hunting oscillation](/source/hunting_oscillation)s due to the early generators being driven by the directly connected [steam engine](/source/steam_engine)s with their pulsating [torque](/source/torque). In the modern designs the generators are driven by [turbine](/source/turbine)s and the issue of hunting is less important,{{sfn | Kimbark | 1995 | p=11}} although pulsating torque is still encountered by motors, for example, while driving the [piston compressor](/source/piston_compressor)s.{{sfn | Pyrhonen | Jokinen | Hrabovcova | 2013 | p=152}}

The construction of the damper windings is complex and largely based on [empirical knowledge](/source/Empirical_research). A typical damper winding consists of short-circuit bars that in the machines with [cylindrical rotor](/source/cylindrical_rotor)s share the slots with the [field winding](/source/field_winding)s, and in the case of [salient pole rotor](/source/salient_pole_rotor)s are located in the dedicated slots on the surfaces of [pole shoe](/source/pole_shoe)s. There are no bars in the [quadrature axis](/source/Reactances_of_synchronous_machines) area of the salient pole machines. The bars are terminated on rings or plates encircling the rotor.{{sfn | Pyrhonen | Jokinen | Hrabovcova | 2013 | p=152}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* {{cite book | last=Kimbark | first=E.W. | title=Power System Stability | publisher=John Wiley & Sons | series=Power System Stability | issue=v. 1-3 | year=1995 | isbn=978-0-7803-1135-0 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBG5DHhZtO4C&pg=PA11 | access-date=2023-07-04}}
* {{cite book | last=Pyrhonen | first=J. | last2=Jokinen | first2=T. | last3=Hrabovcova | first3=V. | title=Design of Rotating Electrical Machines | publisher=Wiley | year=2013 | isbn=978-1-118-70165-2 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4SUIAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA152 | access-date=2023-07-04 | chapter = Damper Windings}}
* {{cite book | last=Klempner | first=G. | last2=Kerszenbaum | first2=I. | title=Operation and Maintenance of Large Turbo-Generators | publisher=Wiley | series=IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering | year=2004 | isbn=978-0-471-61447-0 | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPdkLp_crLAC&pg=PA73 | chapter=Amortisseur Winding | access-date=2023-07-04}}

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Category:Electrical engineering
Category:Electromagnetic coils
{{improve categories|date=July 2023}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Damper winding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damper_winding) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damper_winding?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.