# Daemonosaurus

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Genus of reptiles (fossil)

Daemonosaurus Temporal range: Rhaetian? PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Cast of the skull, displayed at the Ruth Hall Museum at Ghost Ranch Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Clade: Dinosauria Clade: Saurischia Genus: †Daemonosaurus Sues et al. 2011 Species: †D. chauliodus Binomial name †Daemonosaurus chauliodus Sues et al. 2011

***Daemonosaurus*** is an [extinct](/source/Extinct) [genus](/source/Genus) of possible [theropod](/source/Theropod) [dinosaur](/source/Dinosaur) from the [Late Triassic](/source/Late_Triassic) of [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico). The only known fossil is a skull and neck fragments from deposits of the latest Triassic [Chinle Formation](/source/Chinle_Formation) at [Ghost Ranch](/source/Ghost_Ranch). *Daemonosaurus* was an unusual dinosaur with a short skull and large, fang-like teeth. It lived alongside early [neotheropods](/source/Neotheropoda) such as *[Coelophysis](/source/Coelophysis)*, which would have been among the most common dinosaurs by the end of the Triassic. However, *Daemonosaurus* retains several [plesiomorphic](/source/Plesiomorphy_and_symplesiomorphy) ("primitive") traits of the snout, and it likely lies outside the [clade](/source/Clade) Neotheropoda. It may be considered a late-surviving [basal](/source/Basal_(phylogenetics)) theropod or non-theropod basal [saurischian](/source/Saurischia), possibly allied to other early predatory dinosaurs such as [herrerasaurids](/source/Herrerasauridae) or *[Tawa](/source/Tawa_hallae)*.[1][2][3]

## Discovery

The Whitaker Quarry of Ghost Ranch as it appears in 2019.

*Daemonosaurus* is known from a single fossil, the [holotype](/source/Holotype) CM 76821, which consists of a skull, mandibles, an [atlas bone](/source/Atlas_bone), an [axis bone](/source/Axis_(anatomy)), other [neck vertebrae](/source/Cervical_vertebrae), and rib fragments. This specimen was discovered in a sediment block of collected from the *[Coelophysis](/source/Coelophysis)* Quarry (also known as the Whitaker quarry) at [Ghost Ranch](/source/Ghost_Ranch), [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico). This site, preserving the informal late [Norian](/source/Norian) or [Rhaetian](/source/Rhaetian) "siltstone member" of the [Chinle Formation](/source/Chinle_Formation), is famous for abundant fossils of *Coelophysis,* an early theropod. C-4-81, the block containing CM 76821, was collected in the early 1980s by [E.H. Colbert](/source/Edwin_H._Colbert) and is now housed in the collection of the [Carnegie Museum of Natural History](/source/Carnegie_Museum_of_Natural_History) in [Pittsburgh](/source/Pittsburgh), [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania). Fossils of *Coelophysis* were also present in the block. CM 76821 was first uncovered by a volunteer preparing the block while it was on loan to [State Museum of Pennsylvania](/source/State_Museum_of_Pennsylvania) in [Harrisburg](/source/Harrisburg%2C_Pennsylvania).[1][3]

*Daemonosaurus* was named by [Hans-Dieter Sues](/source/Hans-Dieter_Sues), [Sterling J. Nesbitt](/source/Sterling_Nesbitt), David S. Berman and Amy C. Henrici in the journal*[Proceedings of the Royal Society B](/source/Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_B)*in [2011](/source/2011_in_paleontology) and the [type species](/source/Type_species) is *Daemonosaurus chauliodus*. The [generic name](/source/Name_of_a_biological_genus) *Daemonosaurus* is derived from the [Greek](/source/Greek_language) words "daimon" (δαίμων) meaning "demon" and "sauros" (σαύρα) meaning "reptile". The [specific name](/source/Specific_name_(zoology)) is derived from the Greek word "chauliodous" (χαυλιόδους) meaning "prominent toothed", which is in reference to its procumbent front teeth.[1]

## Description

*Daemonosaurus* is notable for its short, deep skull, with large teeth, a rounded [orbit](/source/Orbit_(anatomy)) (eye socket) and a relatively small [antorbital fenestra](/source/Antorbital_fenestra).[1][2] Based on the proportions of related [theropods](/source/Theropoda), *Daemonosaurus* is estimated to have been around 1.5 m (5 feet) long according to Sues.[3] An estimate by [Holtz](/source/Thomas_R._Holtz_Jr.) (2012) suggests that *Daemonosaurus* was at most 2.2 m (7 ft) long with a weight around that of a [beaver](/source/Beaver), 9.1–22.7 kilograms (20–50 pounds).[4] These estimates are almost entirely conjectural, as no postcranial fossils are preserved beyond a few vertebrae. The proportionately large orbit, the short snout, and the apparent lack of fusion between the bones of the braincase suggest that the [holotype](/source/Holotype) specimen CM 76821 may be a juvenile. On the other hand, the closure (fusion) of the neurocentral sutures in the vertebrae suggest a mature individual.[1]

### Cranium

Skull diagram with elongated teeth (according to Nesbitt & Sues, 2020)[2]

The [premaxilla](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#premaxilla) is deep and has a sloped front edge. The posterodorsal process (rear branch) of the premaxilla is broad and elongated, forming the entire rear edge of the relatively large [naris](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#naris) (nostril hole). The size of the posterodorsal process is more in line with *[Herrerasaurus](/source/Herrerasaurus)* and [ornithischians](/source/Ornithischia) than with traditional theropods or [sauropodomorphs](/source/Sauropodomorpha). There are only three premaxillary teeth, like *[Tawa](/source/Tawa_hallae), [Gnathovorax](/source/Gnathovorax),* *[Heterodontosaurus](/source/Heterodontosaurus),* and an unnamed [Brazilian](/source/Brazil) [herrerasaurid](/source/Herrerasauridae),[5] but unlike other early dinosaurs, which have four. The premaxillary teeth are characteristically elongated, with the first tooth being the longest in the entire skull.[1][2] [CT scans](/source/CT_scan) demonstrate that this is a natural quality of the skull, as the teeth were not significantly displaced from their sockets.[2] The premaxillary teeth are straight at the [root](/source/Tooth_root) and curved at the [crown](/source/Crown_(tooth)). All three are smooth on the front edge and finely serrated on the rear edge, and shallow grooves ornament the second and third teeth.[2]

Similar to many early dinosaurs, a small [diastema](/source/Diastema) (toothless notch) was present at the lower contact between the premaxilla and [maxilla](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#maxilla). Like *Tawa* and *Herrerasaurus*, the outer surface of the maxilla is generally smooth and flat; there are no sharp ridges delimiting the tooth row or the shallow, upwards-oriented [antorbital fossa](/source/Antorbital_fossa). Nevertheless, there are a few pits on the outer surface, and a ridge-like [palatal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#palate) process on the inner surface. The maxilla has 10 teeth at most, fewer than any other early dinosaur. While the recurved second and third maxillary teeth are nearly as long as the premaxillary teeth, the rest of the teeth gradually diminish in size and curvature towards the rear of the bone. On the other hand, serrations become more extensive on each tooth further down the tooth row.[1][2]

[Life restoration](/source/Life_restoration)

The [nasal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#nasal) is smooth and likely did not participate in the antorbital fossa. Each nasal has M-shaped sutures with the premaxilla and [frontal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#frontal), a more complex configuration than in other early dinosaurs. The [lacrimal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#lacrimal) is thinnest at mid-height and sends a sharp projection along the lower edge of the orbit. It forms the rear edge of the antorbital fossa via a subtle ridge. The [prefrontal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#prefrontal) is proportionally large, forming about half the upper edge of the orbit. The size of the prefrontal is unique to *Daemonosaurus* among dinosaurs and archosaurs in general. The frontals are wide and flat, separated from each other at the front by a wedge-shaped projection of the nasals. Their rear edge is excavated by the [supratemporal fossa](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#supratemporal_fenestra), which extends onto the broad and mostly flat [parietal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#parietal), as well as the fairly large [postorbital](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#postorbital). The postorbital likely contacted the frontal along a straight edge (like *Tawa* and *Herrerasaurus*), while also sending a rounded overhanging projection into the orbit (like most early saurischians).[1][2]

The [jugal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#jugal) is moderately deep, with a thick front prong. Like [neotheropods](/source/Neotheropoda) and a few sauropodomorphs, the rear edge of the jugal bore a deep notch for the front of the [quadratojugal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#quadratojugal). The jugal's lower edge has a sharp ridge that projects straight down, an unusual configuration not seen in other dinosaurs. The quadratojugal is lightly built, with narrow front and upper prongs similar to *Eoraptor*. At its upper extent it contacts the [squamosal](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#squamosal), a poorly-preserved bone with an overall boxy shape. The [quadrate](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#quadrate) is tall and narrow.[1][2]

Fragments of the [palate](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#palate) appear similar to other dinosaurs, with curved [ectopterygoids](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#ectopterygoid) underlapped by broad [pterygoids](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#pterygoid). The [palatine](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#palatine) bone is large, sending out a diagonal lateral ridge to connect to the inner surface of the maxilla. The [braincase](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#braincase) is partially disarticulated; each [otoccipital](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otoccipital&action=edit&redlink=1) (outer rear segment of the braincase) sends out a [paroccipital process](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paroccipital_process&action=edit&redlink=1) with parallel margins (like other [saurischians](/source/Saurischia)), while its base bears a pair of openings for [cranial nerve XII](/source/Cranial_Nerve_XII). Unlike more advanced saurischians, the [exoccipital](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#exoccipital) region is flat, without a vertical lateral crest. Fragments of the [basioccipital](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#basioccipital), [prootic](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#prootic), and [parabasisphenoid](/source/Parabasisphenoid) are also preserved. [Scleral rings](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#scleral_ring) were present in each eye, with at least 11 ossicles overlapping in a counterclockwise pattern.[1][2]

### Lower jaw

The front of the [mandible](/source/Mandible) (lower jaw) has a slightly downturned tooth row, similar to many sauropodomorphs. The [symphysis](/source/Mandibular_symphysis) (chin) is dotted with small pits and converges towards a sharp margin. The [dentary](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#dentary) (tooth-bearing portion of the jaw) has an estimated ten teeth, which are curved and serrated. The first tooth is large and slightly inset from the tip of the jaw, the second tooth is the largest in the lower jaw, and the rest decrease in size to the back of the jaw. The rear of the jaw is poorly-preserved but appears to be similar in structure to that of *Herrerasaurus*.[1][2]

### Vertebrae

Fragments of five [cervical (neck) vertebrae](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#cervical_vertebrae) are preserved alongside the skull. A slender [proatlas](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#proatlas) links the neck with the braincase. The [atlas](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#atlas) (first cervical) has a thin [neural arch](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#neural_arch) bearing a shallow depression followed by [epipophyses](/source/Epipophyses), akin to *Herrerasaurus*. Epipophyses are also found in the [axis](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#axis) (second cervical), which is better preserved and has a slanted neural spine on top of a rectangular [centrum](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#centrum). The third cervical has prominent [prezygapophyses](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#prezygapophyses) and is unusual among [dinosauriforms](/source/Dinosauriforms) in that it lacks a keel on its lower edge. A very large rimmed oval-shaped hole is present behind the rib articulations. This hole has been equated with pneumatic pockets ("[pleurocoels](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#pleurocoel)") observed in *Tawa*, *[Chindesaurus](/source/Chindesaurus)*, and neotheropods. [Cervical ribs](/source/Glossary_of_dinosaur_anatomy#cervical_rib) are robust and have two closely set points of contact with the vertebrae. The fourth and fifth cervicals are fragmentary.[1][2]

## Classification

*Daemonosaurus* is typically considered to be a basal [theropod](/source/Theropod) that lies outside the clade [Neotheropoda](/source/Neotheropoda), a group that includes more advanced Triassic theropods (like *[Coelophysis](/source/Coelophysis)*) and their descendants.[1] With such a basal position, *Daemonosaurus* represents a lineage that extended from the earliest radiation of dinosaurs in the Middle Triassic alongside forms such as *[Eoraptor](/source/Eoraptor)* and *[Herrerasaurus](/source/Herrerasaurus)* from South America. A [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetic) analysis conducted in its original description found *Daemonosaurus chauliodus* to be closely related to *[Tawa hallae](/source/Tawa_hallae)*, a theropod that was described from Ghost Ranch in 2009, and the Neotheropoda. Although the two theropods are closely related, *Tawa* was found at a quarry that is slightly older than the Whitaker Quarry at Ghost Ranch. Sues *et al.* (2011) noted that the discovery of *Daemonosaurus* provided "additional support for the theropod affinities of both *Eoraptor* and [Herrerasauridae](/source/Herrerasauridae) and (demonstrated) that lineages from the initial radiation of Dinosauria persisted until the end of the Triassic." Below is a [cladogram](/source/Cladogram) based on the phylogenetic analysis conducted by Sues *et al.* in 2011, showing the relationships of *Daemonosaurus*:[1]

Theropoda Staurikosaurus Herrerasaurus Chindesaurus Eoraptor Daemonosaurus Tawa Neotheropoda Megapnosaurus Coelophysis Liliensternus Zupaysaurus Cryolophosaurus Dilophosaurus Jurassic theropods

Examination of this genus by Sues *et al.* (2011) demonstrates that *Daemonosaurus* is separate and distinct from its other contemporaries.[1] *Daemonosaurus* differs from *Herrerasaurus* based on key features in the skull and because it has much larger teeth in the [premaxilla](/source/Premaxilla). *Daemonosaurus* differs from *Eodromaeus* based on features of the jaw bone, skull, cheek bones, and because it has much larger teeth in the premaxilla. *Daemonosaurus* differs from *Eoraptor lunensis* based on the presence of much larger premaxillary and anterior [maxillary](/source/Maxilla) teeth and a much more restricted [antorbital fossa](/source/Antorbital_fenestra) on the maxilla. *Daemonosaurus* differs from *Tawa hallae* and *Coelophysis bauri* in features of the skull bones. *Daemonosaurus* differs from *Chindesaurus bryansmalli* in features of the cervical vertebrae.

A paper published by Baron *et al.* (2017) resurrected the clade [Ornithoscelida](/source/Ornithoscelida) to unite [ornithischians](/source/Ornithischia) and theropods to the exception of [sauropodomorphs](/source/Sauropodomorpha).[6] Although not included in the original study, the authors added *Daemonosaurus* to their dataset after their hypothesis was criticized by a team of international researchers, Langer *et al*. (2017).[7] In Baron *et al*.'s response, *Daemonosaurus* was found to be the earliest ornithischian, retaining many theropod-like characteristics.[8]

Nesbitt and Sues (2020) rescored the genus and reran the analyses of both Langer *et al.* (2017) and Baron *et al.* (2017). Langer *et al*.'s analysis resulted in a large [polytomy](/source/Polytomy) placing *Daemonosaurus* as either a basal saurischian, a herrerasaurid, or a basal [silesaurid](/source/Silesauridae). When *[Agnosphitys](/source/Agnosphitys)* (a fragmentary possible silesaurid) was removed from the analysis, *Daemonosaurus* was placed as the sister taxon to [Eusaurischia](/source/Eusaurischia), which encompassed the theropod-sauropodomorph split. The rescoring of Baron *et al*.'s analysis placed *Daemonosaurus* as an ornithoscelidan outside the ornithichian-theropod split. This area was also occupied by *Tawa* and *[Chindesaurus](/source/Chindesaurus)*. Although *Daemonosaurus* was not recovered as an ornithichian in any analysis, it also does not share any clear unambiguous characteristics exclusively with theropods. Though Nesbitt and Sues (2020) considered *Daemonosaurus* a likely saurischian, they were unable to conclusively place the genus within any subgroup of Dinosauria.[2] Novas *et al*. (2021) recovered *Daemonosaurus* in a clade with *Tawa* and *Chindesaurus* that is sister to Herrerasauridae, with this broader [Herrerasauria](/source/Herrerasauria) being a saurischian clade sister to Eusaurischia.[9]

Silesauridae Dinosauria Ornithischia Saurischia Eusaurischia Sauropodomorpha Theropoda Eodromaeus Neotheropoda Herrerasauria Herrerasauridae Daemonosaurus Tawa Chindesaurus

## Paleoenvironment

The only specimen of *Daemonosaurus* was recovered at the *[Coelophysis](/source/Coelophysis)* (Whitaker) quarry at [Ghost Ranch](/source/Ghost_Ranch) in [Rio Arriba County, New Mexico](/source/Rio_Arriba_County%2C_New_Mexico). This site preserves pebbly, calcareous conglomerate rich in fossils of many different animals, with the theropod dinosaur *Coelophysis* being particularly abundant. It has been correlated the Siltstone Member of the [Chinle Formation](/source/Chinle_Formation), which is tentatively dated to the [Rhaetian](/source/Rhaetian) (or possibly latest [Norian](/source/Norian)) stage of the Late Triassic period.[1][2]

Ghost Ranch was located close to the equator 200 million years ago, and had a warm, monsoon-like climate with heavy seasonal precipitation. The [paleoenvironment](/source/Natural_environment) of the Whitaker quarry included a diverse collection of rhynchocephalians (like *[Whitakersaurus](/source/Whitakersaurus))*, [archosauromorphs](/source/Archosauromorphs), and [archosaurs](/source/Archosaurs). Archosauriform taxa present include [phytosaurs](/source/Phytosaur) (*[Redondasaurus](/source/Redondasaurus))*, [crocodylomorphs](/source/Crocodylomorpha) (*[Hesperosuchus](/source/Hesperosuchus)*), [shuvosaurids](/source/Shuvosauridae) (*[Effigia](/source/Effigia))*, the [silesaurid](/source/Silesaurid) *[Eucoelophysis](/source/Eucoelophysis)*, and the dinosaur *Coelophysis*.[10]

### Taphonomy

The multitude of specimens deposited so closely together at [Ghost Ranch](/source/Ghost_Ranch) was probably the result of a flash flood event. Such flooding was commonplace during this period of the [Earth's history](/source/History_of_Earth) and, indeed, the nearby [Petrified Forest](/source/Petrified_Forest_National_Park) of [Arizona](/source/Arizona) is the result of a preserved log jam of tree trunks that were caught in one such flood. In 1989, Colbert noted that the *Daemonosaurus* specimen and several *[Coelophysis](/source/Coelophysis)* specimens were washed into a small pond, where they drowned and were buried by a sheet flood event from a nearby river."[10]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-13) [***o***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-14) [***p***](#cite_ref-Daemonosaurus_1-15) Hans-Dieter Sues; Sterling J. Nesbitt; David S. Berman & Amy C. Henrici (2011). ["A late-surviving basal theropod dinosaur from the latest Triassic of North America"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177637). *Proceedings of the Royal Society B*. **278** (1723): 3459–3464. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rspb.2011.0410](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspb.2011.0410). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [3177637](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3177637). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [21490016](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21490016).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-:0_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-:0_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-:0_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-:0_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-:0_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-:0_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-:0_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-:0_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-:0_2-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-:0_2-12) [***n***](#cite_ref-:0_2-13) Nesbitt, Sterling J.; Sues, Hans-Dieter (3 August 2020). ["The osteology of the early-diverging dinosaur *Daemonosaurus chauliodus* (Archosauria: Dinosauria) from the Coelophysis Quarry (Triassic: Rhaetian) of New Mexico and its relationships to other early dinosaurs"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa080). *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society*. **191**: 150–179. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa080](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fzoolinnean%2Fzlaa080).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LS11_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LS11_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-LS11_3-2) Choi, C.Q. (12 April 2011). ["T. Rex had a toothy ancestor that couldn't cut it"](http://www.livescience.com/13678-toothy-carnivore-dinosaur-rex-fossils.html). *Live Science*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20200815220236/https://www.livescience.com/13678-toothy-carnivore-dinosaur-rex-fossils.html) from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Holtz2008_4-0)** Holtz, Thomas R. Jr. (2012) *Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages,* [Winter 2011 Appendix.](http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20170812011954/http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/dinoappendix/HoltzappendixWinter2011.pdf) 2017-08-12 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

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v t e Theropoda Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Avemetatarsalia Clade: Dinosauria Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia Theropoda see below↓ Theropoda Theropoda Anteavis Chindesaurus? Daemonosaurus? Eodromaeus? Erythrovenator Guaibasaurus? Nhandumirim? Tawa? Herrerasauria? Neotheropoda Dilophosaurus Dolichosuchus? Dracovenator Gojirasaurus Lepidus Liliensternus Lophostropheus Newtonsaurus Notatesseraeraptor Sarcosaurus Shuangbaisaurus Sinosaurus Tachiraptor Velocipes? Zupaysaurus Coelophysoidea Dracoraptor? Newtonsaurus? Panguraptor Pendraig Podokesaurus Powellvenator Coelophysidae Camposaurus Coelophysis Lucianovenator Megapnosaurus? Panguraptor? Procompsognathus Pterospondylus? Segisaurus Averostra see below↓ Dubious neotheropods Teinurosaurus Halticosaurus Averostra Averostra Dornraptor Lophostropheus? Ceratosauria Berberosaurus Camarillasaurus? Dandakosaurus? Fosterovenator Ostafrikasaurus? Saltriovenator Sarcosaurus? Spinostropheus? Neoceratosauria Ceratosauridae Ceratosaurus Genyodectes Abelisauroidea Bahariasaurus? Betasuchus Dahalokely Deltadromeus? Eoabelisaurus? Genusaurus Gualicho? Ligabueino Noasauridae Afromimus? Austrocheirus? Berthasaura Compsosuchus? Dahalokely? Genusaurus? Kiyacursor Ligabueino Spinostropheus Elaphrosaurinae Elaphrosaurus Huinculsaurus Limusaurus Noasaurinae Laevisuchus Masiakasaurus Noasaurus Velocisaurus Vespersaurus Abelisauridae Chenanisaurus Dryptosauroides? Eoabelisaurus Indosuchus Kryptops Kurupi Rugops Spectrovenator Tarascosaurus Tralkasaurus Vitosaura Xenotarsosaurus Majungasaurinae Arcovenator Dahalokely? Genusaurus Indosaurus Majungasaurus Rahiolisaurus? Rajasaurus Carnotaurinae Majungasaurinae? Brachyrostra Dahalokely? Ekrixinatosaurus Elemgasem Guemesia Ilokelesia Llukalkan Niebla Rahiolisaurus? Skorpiovenator Thanos Furileusauria Abelisaurus Aucasaurus Caletodraco Carnotaurus Elemgasem? Koleken Pycnonemosaurus Quilmesaurus Viavenator Tetanurae see below↓ Tetanurae Tetanurae Calamospondylus? Chienkosaurus? Chilesaurus? Chuandongocoelurus Cruxicheiros? Cryolophosaurus Kaijiangosaurus Kayentavenator Monolophosaurus Pandoravenator Sinosaurus? Szechuanosaurus Vectaerovenator Orionides Megalosauroidea Yunyangosaurus Piatnitzkysauridae Condorraptor Marshosaurus Piatnitzkysaurus Xuanhanosaurus? Megalosauria Streptospondylus? Megalosauridae Eustreptospondylus Megalosaurinae Duriavenator Megalosaurus Torvosaurus Wiehenvenator Afrovenatorinae Afrovenator Dubreuillosaurus Leshansaurus Magnosaurus Piveteausaurus Poekilopleuron? Spinosauridae Camarillasaurus? Cristatusaurus Iberospinus Ostafrikasaurus? Baryonychinae Baryonyx Protathlitis Riojavenatrix Suchosaurus? Vallibonavenatrix? Ceratosuchopsini Ceratosuchops Eocarcharia? Riparovenator Suchomimus Spinosaurinae Camarillasaurus? Ichthyovenator Irritator Oxalaia Siamosaurus Spinosaurini Sigilmassasaurus Spinosaurus Avetheropoda see below↓ Avetheropoda Avetheropoda Gasosaurus? Lourinhanosaurus? Carnosauria Altispinax Monolophosaurus? Megalosauridae? Spinosauridae? Allosauroidea Asfaltovenator Erectopus Xuanhanosaurus? Piatnitzkysauridae? Metriacanthosauridae Xuanhanosaurus? Yangchuanosaurus Yuanmouraptor Metriacanthosaurinae Alpkarakush Metriacanthosaurus Shidaisaurus Siamotyrannus Sinraptor Allosauria Allosauridae Allosaurus Antrodemus? Epanterias? Saurophaganax? Carcharodontosauria Datanglong Lusovenator Siamraptor Siats? Veterupristisaurus Neovenatoridae Chilantaisaurus? Gualicho? Neovenator Siats? Megaraptora? Carcharodontosauridae Acrocanthosaurus Altispinax? Concavenator Eocarcharia? Kelmayisaurus Lajasvenator Sauroniops Shaochilong Tameryraptor Ulughbegsaurus Veterupristisaurus Carcharodontosaurinae Carcharodontosaurus Giganotosaurini Giganotosaurus Mapusaurus Meraxes Taurovenator Tyrannotitan Megaraptora? Aoniraptor Bahariasaurus? Fukuiraptor Phuwiangvenator Rapator Siats? Chilantaisaurus? Megaraptoridae Aerosteon Australovenator Joaquinraptor Maip Megaraptor Murusraptor Orkoraptor Tratayenia Coelurosauria see below↓ Coelurosauria Coelurosauria Aratasaurus Asiamericana Bicentenaria Chilantaisaurus? Gualicho? Richardoestesia Sciurumimus? Vayuraptor Xinjiangovenator Zuolong Tyrannoraptora Tyrannosauroidea Chingkankousaurus Labocania? Coeluridae? Coelurus Tanycolagreus? Proceratosauridae Guanlong Kileskus Proceratosaurus Sinotyrannus Yutyrannus Pantyrannosauria Alectrosaurus Aviatyrannis Bagaraatan? Dilong Eotyrannus Jinbeisaurus Juratyrant Khankhuuluu Moros Santanaraptor Stokesosaurus Suskityrannus Timimus? Timurlengia Xiongguanlong Megaraptora? Eutyrannosauria Appalachiosaurus Bistahieversor? Dryptosaurus Nanotyrannus Tyrannosauridae Albertosaurinae Albertosaurus Gorgosaurus Tyrannosaurinae Asiatyrannus Nanuqsaurus Alioramini Alioramus Qianzhousaurus Daspletosaurini Daspletosaurus Thanatotheristes Teratophoneini Bistahieversor? Dynamoterror Labocania? Lythronax Teratophoneus Tyrannosaurini Tarbosaurus Tyrannosaurus Zhuchengtyrannus Maniraptoromorpha see below↓ Dubious coelurosaurs Iliosuchus Kakuru Phaedrolosaurus Shanyangosaurus Maniraptoromorpha Maniraptoromorpha Coelurus? Juravenator Ornitholestes Neocoelurosauria Aniksosaurus Compsognathidae Aniksosaurus? Aristosuchus Beipiaognathus? Compsognathus Huaxiagnathus? Mirischia? Scipionyx? Sinocalliopteryx? Sinosauropteryx? Xunmenglong Sinosauropterygidae? Huadanosaurus Huaxiagnathus Mirischia Sinocalliopteryx Sinosauropteryx Compsognathidae? Ornithomimosauria Arkansaurus Aviatyrannis? Calamosaurus? Hexing Kinnareemimus Nedcolbertia Nqwebasaurus Thecocoelurus? Valdoraptor Macrocheiriformes Harpymimus Pelecanimimus Shenzhousaurus Deinocheiridae Beishanlong Deinocheirus Garudimimus Harpymimus? Paraxenisaurus? Tyrannomimus Ornithomimidae Aepyornithomimus Anserimimus Archaeornithomimus "Coelosaurus" Dromiceiomimus Dzharacursor Gallimimus Mexidracon Ornithomimus Qiupalong Rativates Sinornithomimus Struthiomimus Tototlmimus Maniraptora see Maniraptora includes birds

Taxon identifiers Daemonosaurus chauliodus Wikidata: Q732917 Wikispecies: Daemonosaurus chauliodus GBIF: 8513043 Open Tree of Life: 6148863 Paleobiology Database: 182713

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Daemonosaurus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemonosaurus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemonosaurus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.