# DRUMS

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Japanese experimental satellite

DRUMS Names Debris Removal Unprecedented Micro-Satellite Mission type Technology demonstration Operator Kawasaki Heavy Industries COSPAR ID 2021-102E SATCAT no. 49399 Spacecraft properties Manufacturer Kawasaki Heavy Industries Launch mass 62 kg (137 lb) Start of mission Launch date 9 November 2021, 00:55 UTC Rocket Epsilon Launch site Uchinoura Space Center Contractor JAXA Orbital parameters Reference system Geocentric orbit (planned) Regime Sun-synchronous orbit Perigee altitude 560 km (350 mi) Apogee altitude 560 km (350 mi) Inclination 97.6° Innovative Satellite Technology Demonstration-2

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2024)

**DRUMS** (**Debris Removal Unprecedented Micro-Satellite**) is an experimental spacecraft that will test proximity operation near [space debris](/source/Space_debris). The [microsatellite](/source/Small_satellite) carries two 'mock space debris' which once deployed will be used as a target for demonstrating approach and contact.[1]

## Overview

DRUMS was developed by Japanese company [Kawasaki Heavy Industries](/source/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries) (KHI), which will also operate the satellite following its launch.[2] DRUMS will be operated from a ground station inside KHI's Gifu Works facility, and an antenna for communicating with the satellite was finished in October 2019.[3] KHI characterizes DRUMS as a demonstration for future missions to remove launch vehicle upper stages from orbit,[4] along with potential applications for [on-orbit satellite servicing](/source/On-orbit_satellite_servicing).[5] DRUMS was launched on 9 November 2021 by an [Epsilon launch vehicle](/source/Epsilon_(rocket)).[6] A half size model of DRUMS was displayed at the [2019 G20 Osaka summit](/source/2019_G20_Osaka_summit).[7]

## Mission

Once in orbit, DRUMS will deploy two nonfunctional objects, which will act as targets for DRUMS's space debris approach test. After distancing itself from the target, DRUMS will then begin to approach it using on board optical sensors.[8][9] The microsatellite has nitrogen gas propulsion for maneuvering, along with lighting it will use to illuminate the target while inside [Earth's shadow](/source/Earth's_shadow).[2][5] Once it has arrived near the target, DRUMS will extend a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) boom, which will be used to physically contact the target.[8][5] DRUM's camera will record the overall sequence of the test.[10]

## See also

- [Spaceflight portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight)

- [ClearSpace-1](/source/ClearSpace-1)

- [RemoveDEBRIS](/source/RemoveDEBRIS)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Nakamoto, Hiroki; Maruyama, Tatsuya; Sugawara, Yasutaka (9 December 2019). [*Key Technology Demonstration for Active Debris Removal by Microsat "DRUMS"*](https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/orbitaldebris2019/pdf/6153.pdf) (PDF). First International Orbital Debris Conference. Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mynavi2021_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mynavi2021_2-1) Otsuka, Minoru (24 August 2021). ["9機の革新衛星は宇宙で何を実証する？ イプシロン5号機で10月に打ち上げへ"](https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20210826-1956798/). *Mynavi News* (in Japanese). Retrieved 14 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Kawasaki Establishes Satellite Ground Station to Pursue Space Debris Removal Operations"](https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/?f=20191004_8919) (Press release). Kawasaki Heavy Industries. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MONOist_4-0)** Otsuka, Minoru (2 July 2020). ["宇宙のお掃除サービスはいつ実現する？ デブリ除去衛星開発の最前線を追う"](https://monoist.atmarkit.co.jp/mn/articles/2007/02/news019.html). *MONOist* (in Japanese). Retrieved 14 September 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Interview11_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Interview11_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Interview11_5-2) ["小型衛星を用いてスペースデブリへの接近と捕獲の技術実証を行い、軌道上サービスへの事業拡大を目指す"](https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/interview/02/interview02_11.html) (in Japanese). JAXA. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [イプシロンロケット5号機による革新的衛星技術実証2号機の打上げ結果について](https://www.jaxa.jp/press/2021/11/20211109-1_j.html) [Innovative satellite technology demonstration by Epsilon rocket No. 5 About the launch result of No. 2] (in Japanese). JAXA. 9 November 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["川崎重工、G20大阪サミットで宇宙ゴミ除去技術を展示"](https://www.jwing.net/news/14564). *WING Aviation Press* (in Japanese). 1 July 2019. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mynavi2018_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mynavi2018_8-1) Otsuka, Minoru (4 December 2018). ["川重がデブリ除去で衛星分野に参入、2020年にも打上げ-国際航空宇宙展2018"](https://news.mynavi.jp/article/20181204-735579/). *Mynavi News* (in Japanese). Retrieved 14 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Morita, Daichi; Watase, Hirotaka; Maruyama, Tatsuya; Shibasaki, Koichi; Yamamoto, Toru; Murakami, Naomi; Nakajima, Yu. ["Study on visual based navigation algorithm for active debris removal missions"](https://jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=2842&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21). *JAXA Special Publication: Proceedings of the 8th Space Debris Workshop*. The 8th Space Debris Workshop. JAXA. pp. 473–484. Retrieved 14 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Nakamoto, Hiroki; Maruyama, Tatsuya; Sugawara, Yasutaka (9 December 2019). [*Key Technology Demonstration for Active Debris Removal by Microsat "DRUMS"*](https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/orbitaldebris2019/pdf/6153.pdf) (PDF). First International Orbital Debris Conference. Universities Space Research Association. Retrieved 24 September 2021.

## External links

- [DRUMS](https://www.kenkai.jaxa.jp/kakushin/kakushin02.html#drums)

v t e Japanese space program Italics indicates projects in development. Symbol † indicates failed projects. Strikethrough lines indicate cancelled projects. Space agencies National space agencies JAXA former ISAS NAL NASDA NICT JSS Joint development partners United States NASA1 ESA2 Italy ASI3 Canada CSA4 Russia Roscosmos5 Brazil AEB6 INPE7 India ISRO8 Astronomical observation Past Akari ASCA ASTRO-E† Astro-G CORSA† Ginga Hakucho HALCA Hinotori Hisaki Hitomi† SPICA Suzaku Tenma Yohkoh Active Hinode XRISM1 Future ATHENA2 Solar-C1 GREX-PLUS [ja] HiZ-GUNDAM [ja] LAPYUTA LiteBIRD Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope1 JASMINE Communications satellites, broadcasting satellites and satellite navigation systems Past BS 2X 3H 3N Kakehashi Kirari Kizuna Kodama MBSat N-STAR a b Sakura (1 2a 2b 3a 3b) Yuri 1 2a 2b 3a 3b Active Kirameki 1 2 3 Michibiki 1 2 3 4 6 1R MTSAT N-STAR c d JDRS Future QZS 5 7 Earth observation Past Akebono Daichi 1 3† Denpa Fuyo-1 Jikiken Kyokko Midori I II Momo 1 1b Ohozora Taiyo TRMM1 Ume 1 b Geotail1 Active Aqua1,7 Arase ASNARO 1 2 Daichi 2 4 EarthCARE2 GPM1 Himawari Ibuki original 2 Shikisai Shizuku GOSAT-GW Future PMM Engineering tests Past Ayame 1 2 DASH EXPRESS IKAROS Jindai Kiku 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LDREX 1 2 LRE Micro LabSat-1 Myojo Ohsumi Orizuru RAISE 2 3† PETSAT RAPIS-1 Ryusei SERVIS-1 SERVIS-2 SDS-1 SDS-4 SFU Shinsei SmartSat-1 Tansei 1 2 3 4 Tasuki Tsubame Tsubasa USERS Active Ajisai Reimei Future BEAK ETS-IX G-SATELLITE SERVIS-3 Human spaceflight Past Fuji crewed spacecraft HOPE-X H-II Transfer Vehicle Active International Space Station (ISS) & Japanese Experiment Module (Kibō)1,2,3,4,5,6 HTV-X Future Japanese Space Station Module (Mitsui) Lunar Gateway1,2,4 Space probes The Moon Past Hakuto R program M1† M2† Hiten Lunar-A Kaguya (SELENE) OMOTENASHI† SELENE-2 Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM) EQUULEUS Yaoki Future Hakuto R program M2.5 M3 M4 M5 HERACLES2,4 Lunar Cruiser Lunar Polar Exploration Mission8 (LUPEX) Others Past Akatsuki Hayabusa Hayabusa Mk2 Nozomi† PROCYON† Sakigake Shin'en† Suisei Active BepiColombo (MMO/Mio)2 Hayabusa2 Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer2 Hera2 Future Comet Interceptor2 DESTINY+ Dragonfly1 MELOS Martian Moons eXploration Next Generation Small-Body Sample Return TEREX Reconnaissance satellites Past IGS-Optical 1 2 Experimentally 3 IGS-Radar 1 2 Active IGS-Optical 3 4 5 6 Experimentally 5 IGS-Radar 3 4 Spare 5 6 Future IGS-Optical 7 8 IGS-Radar 7 8 Private small satellites Past CosMoz CUTE 1.7+APD Fuji 1 2 Hayato HIBARI HIT-SAT Kagayaki Kanta-kun (WEOS) Kūkai Maido-1 Negai☆″ Niwaka RAIKO Waseda-SAT2 WE WISH Active CUTE 1 1.7+APDII Fuji-3 Hitomi Hodoyoshi 1 2 3 4 Horyu 2 Kiseki PROITERES Raijin Raijin-2 SEEDS SOCRATES XI IV V Future DRUMS KITSUNE OPUSAT-II QSAT-EOS RSP-01 SOMESAT SpaceTuna1 SPROUT TSUBAME WNI satellite

v t e ← 2020 Orbital launches in 2021 2022 → January Türksat 5A PICS 1, PICS 2, Q-PACE, TechEdSat-7 Tiantong-1 03 Starlink V1.0-L16 (60 satellites) Starlink v1.0 R1 (10 satellites), ION-SCV 002 (Flock-4s × 8, SpaceBEE × 12), Capella 3, Capella 4, ICEYE × 3, Hawk × 3, Astrocast × 5, Flock-4s × 40, HYPSO-1, Kepler × 8, Lemur-2 × 8, PTD-1, SpaceBEE × 24 Yaogan 31-02 (3 satellites) February Kosmos 2549 / Lotos-S1 №4 Starlink V1.0-L18 (60 satellites) TJS 6 Progress MS-16 Starlink V1.0-L19 (60 satellites) Cygnus NG-15 (MMSAT-1, GuaraniSat-1, Maya-2, OPUSAT-II, RSP-01, STARS-EC, WARP-01) Yaogan 31-03 (3 satellites) Amazônia-1, SpaceBEE × 12 March Starlink V1.0-L17 (60 satellites) Starlink V1.0-L20 (60 satellites) Shiyan 9 Yaogan 31-04 (3 satellites) Starlink V1.0-L21 (60 satellites) CAS500-1, Suisen / Fukui Prefectural Satellite, Kepler 6, Kepler 7 Photon Pathstone, BlackSky Global 9 Starlink V1.0-L22 (60 satellites) OneWeb L5 (36 satellites) Gaofen 12-02 April Starlink V1.0-L23 (60 satellites) Shiyan 6-03 Soyuz MS-18 SpaceX Crew-2 OneWeb L6 (36 satellites) USA-314 / KH-11 18 Pléiades-Neo 3, Lemur-2 AMANDA-SVANTE, Lemur-2 SPECIAL K Tianhe Starlink V1.0-L24 (60 satellites) Yaogan 34 May Starlink V1.0-L25 (60 satellites) Yaogan 30-08 (3 satellites) Starlink V1.0-L27 (60 satellites) Starlink V1.0-L26 (52 satellites), Capella 6 USA-315 / SBIRS-GEO 5 HaiYang-2D Starlink V1.0-L28 (60 satellites) Tianzhou 2 OneWeb L7 (36 satellites) June Fengyun 4B SpaceX CRS-22 SXM-8 USA-316, USA-317, USA-318 Shenzhou 12 USA-319 / GPS IIIA-05 Yaogan 30-09 (3 satellites) Kosmos 2550 / Pion-NKS №1 Progress MS-17 Brik-II, STORK-4, STORK-5 Starlink V1.0-R2 (3 satellites), ION-SCV 003 (SPARTAN), SHERPA FX2 (Lynk 05, Astrocast × 5, Lemur-2 × 3, SpaceBEE × 12), SHERPA LTE1 (KSF1 × 4), Capella 5, ICEYE × 4, Hawk × 3, ÑuSat × 4, Lemur-2 × 3, LINCS A, LINCS B, SpaceBEE × 12, SpaceBEE NZ × 4, Tiger-2, TROPICS Pathfinder July OneWeb L8 (36 satellites) Jilin-1 Kuanfu-01B, Jilin-1 Gaofen-03D x 3 Fengyun-3E Tianlian I-05 Yaogan 30-10 (3 satellites) Nauka (European Robotic Arm) Eutelsat Quantum, Star One D2 August Jilin-1 Mofang-01A† ChinaSat 2E Cygnus NG-16 EOS-03 / GISAT-1† Pléiades Neo 4, BRO-4 OneWeb L9 (34 satellites) TJS-7 SpaceX CRS-23 (Maya-3, Maya-4) September Gaofen 5-02 ChinaSat 9B Kosmos 2551 / EO MKA №1 Starlink G2-1 (51 satellites) OneWeb L10 (34 satellites) Inspiration4 Tianzhou 3 Jilin-1 Gaofen-02D Shiyan 10 Landsat 9, CUTE October Soyuz MS-19 OneWeb L11 (36 satellites) CHASE Shenzhou 13 Lucy Shijian 21 SES-17, Syracuse 4A QZS-1R Jilin-1 Gaofen-02F Progress MS-18 November RAISE-2, HIBARI, Z-Sat, DRUMS, TeikyoSat-4, ASTERISC, ARICA, NanoDragon, KOSEN-1 SpaceX Crew-3 CERES x 3 DART (LICIACube) Progress M-UM (Prichal) Yaogan 32-2 (2 satellites) Yaogan 35 (3 satellites) December Starlink 24 (48 satellites) Soyuz MS-20 IXPE Ekspress-AMU3 Ekspress-AMU7 Starlink 25 (52 satellites) Türksat 5B SpaceX CRS-24 Inmarsat-6 F1 James Webb Space Telescope Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [DRUMS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRUMS) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DRUMS?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.