# DNAnexus

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{{Short description|American DNA sequence data analysis company}}
{{Infobox company
| name = DNAnexus
| logo = File:DNAnexus_logo.png
| type = 
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| founded = 2009
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| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
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| products = cloud-based data analysis
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| website = {{URL|https://www.dnanexus.com/}} 
}}

'''DNAnexus''' is an American company that provides a [cloud-based data](/source/Cloud_computing) analysis and management platform for [DNA sequence data](/source/DNA_sequencing). It is based in [Mountain View, California](/source/Mountain_View%2C_California), and was founded in 2009 by [Stanford University](/source/Stanford_University) professors [Serafim Batzoglou](/source/Serafim_Batzoglou) and Arend Sidow and Stanford computer scientist Andreas Sundquist.<ref name="genomeweb">Karow, Julia. "DNAnexus Aims to Alleviate Next-Gen Sequence Analysis Headache with Cloud-based Service." In Sequence, April 20, 2010. http://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/dnanexus-aims-alleviate-next-gen-sequence-analysis-headache-cloud-based-service</ref>

== History ==

DNAnexus was founded in early 2009 as a [spin-off](/source/University_spin-off) from [Stanford University](/source/Stanford_University) to address the need for computing infrastructure in DNA sequence analysis.<ref name="genomeweb" />
The company raised $1.55 million in [venture capital](/source/venture_capital) funding from [First Round Capital](/source/First_Round_Capital), K9 Ventures, and SoftTech VC.<ref>Ricketts, Camille. "DNAnexus raises $1.55M for DNA sequencing." VentureBeat, August 3, 2009. https://venturebeat.com/2009/08/03/dnanexus-raises-155m-for-dna-sequencing/</ref>

In April 2010, DNAnexus launched its cloud-based sequence data service.<ref name="genomeweb" />

In August 2011, the company expanded its recruiting process by offering an incentive of $20,000 plus a full genome sequence to employees who referred a [software engineer](/source/software_engineer).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111122084740/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/jul/17/business/la-fi-tech-boom-20110717/2 In Silicon Valley, it's boom time again - Page 2 - Los Angeles Times]</ref><ref>[http://www.ere.net/2011/08/15/the-complete-list-of-employee-referral-program-best-practices-part-1-of-2/ The Complete List of Employee Referral Program Best Practices (Part 1 of 2) - ERE.net]</ref><ref>[http://www.genomeweb.com/blog/interesting-referral-incentive An Interesting Referral Incentive | Careers | GenomeWeb]</ref>

In October 2011, DNAnexus announced that it had raised $15 million from [Google Ventures](/source/Google_Ventures), [TPG Biotech](/source/TPG_Capital), [First Round Capital](/source/First_Round_Capital), [SoftTech VC](/source/SoftTech_VC), K9 Ventures, and Felicis Ventures.<ref>Kincaid, Jason. "DNAnexus Raises $15 Million, Teams With Google To Host Massive DNA Database." TechCrunch, October 12, 2011. https://techcrunch.com/2011/10/12/dnanexus-raises-15-million-teams-with-google-to-host-massive-dna-database/</ref><ref>Carroll, John. "Google steps in to back a flag bearer in the genomics revolution." FierceBiotech, October 12, 2011. http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/google-steps-back-flag-bearer-genomics-revolution/2011-10-12</ref>

In 2012, DNAnexus CEO and co-founder Andreas Sundquist was named one of FierceBiotech’s Top 10 Biotech Techies.<ref>"Andreas Sundquist - Fierce's Top 10 Biotech Techies." FierceBiotech, March 2012. http://www.fiercebiotechit.com/special-reports/fierce-s-top-10-biotech-techies/andreas-sundquist-fierces-top-10-biotech-techies</ref>

In October 2013, the company announced a collaboration with the Human Genome Sequencing Center at [Baylor College of Medicine](/source/Baylor_College_of_Medicine).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/baylor-39-s-hgsc-dnanexus-amazon-team-up-in-cloud-based-analysis/81249025/?kwrd=dnanexus |title=GEN {{!}} News Highlights:Baylor's HGSC, DNAnexus, Amazon Team Up in Cloud-Based Analysis of DNA Data |website=genengnews.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216182839/http://genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/baylor-39-s-hgsc-dnanexus-amazon-team-up-in-cloud-based-analysis/81249025/?kwrd=dnanexus |archive-date=2013-12-16}} </ref> Through the partnership, DNAnexus and scientists at Baylor performed the largest cloud-based genomics analysis to date, processing 3,751 whole human genomes and 10,771 exomes.<ref>Grens, Kerry. "Cloud-Based Genomics." The Scientist, October 28, 2013. http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/38044/title/Cloud-Based-Genomics/</ref> Analysis was run using [Amazon Web Services](/source/Amazon_Web_Services) infrastructure and conducted for the [Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology](/source/Cohorts_for_Heart_and_Aging_Research_in_Genomic_Epidemiology) (CHARGE) consortium. The effort used 2.4 million core-hours of computational time<ref>Thomas, Uduak Grace. "DNANexus, Baylor Project Shows Cloud's Efficacy for Large-Scale Clinical, Research Analysis Studies." BioInform, October 25, 2013. http://www.genomeweb.com/informatics/dnanexus-baylor-project-shows-clouds-efficacy-large-scale-clinical-research-anal</ref> and generated 430 terabytes of data.<ref>Wheatley, Mike. "Inside the DNA of Big Data: The future of medicine & storage." Silicon Angle, November 25, 2013. http://siliconangle.com/blog/2013/11/25/inside-the-dna-of-big-data-the-future-of-medicine-storage/</ref>

The company announced a series C venture funding round of $15 million in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fiercebiotech.com/story/google-ventures-backs-dnanexuss-15m-round-rd-cloud-platform/2014-01-03|title=Google Ventures backs DNAnexus' $15M round for R&D cloud platform}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/01/03/dnanexus-builds-online-hub-for-scientists-to-store-and-share-genetic-data/|title = DNAnexus builds online hub for scientists to store and share genetic data|date = 3 January 2014}}</ref> Investors included Claremont Creek Ventures, First Round Capital, Google Ventures, and TPG Biotech.

== Technology ==
<!-- Deleted image removed: thumb|200px|Schematic of DNAnexus workflow. -->

DNAnexus uses cloud computing from Amazon Web Services. Customers of DNAnexus use those computational resources to run analysis programs on DNA sequence data and to store that data.<ref>Harris, Derrick. "Major investments show promise of big data in biotech." GigaOm, Oct. 12, 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111013011854/http://gigaom.com/cloud/dnanexus-cloudant-biotech-deals/]</ref> The product includes applications for read mapping, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and genomic variant analysis.<ref>Thomas, Uduak. "DNAnexus Adds Variant Analysis Tool, Joins PacBio Partner Program amid Mounting Interest in Cloud." BioInform, February 04, 2011. http://www.genomeweb.com/informatics/dnanexus-adds-variant-analysis-tool-joins-pacbio-partner-program-amid-mounting-i</ref>

In October 2011, following news that the [National Center for Biotechnology Information](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) would phase out funding for its [Sequence Read Archive](/source/Sequence_Read_Archive) (SRA), DNAnexus said it was working with Google Cloud Storage to host a mirror of the SRA database. The SRA was started by NCBI in 2007 to collect sequence data produced by next-generation sequencing instruments.<ref name="bare_url_a">[http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.elis.tmu.edu.tw/Traces/sra/ Announcements : Main : Sequence Read Archive : NCBI/NLM/NIH] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208055746/http://0-www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.elis.tmu.edu.tw/Traces/sra/ |date=February 8, 2013 }}</ref> DNAnexus developed a new web interface for the SRA and worked with Google to host more than 350 terabytes of DNA sequence data.<ref name="bare_url">"Company Helps Researchers Unravel DNA Mysteries Faster with Google Cloud Storage." http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/www.google.com/en/us/enterprise/cloud/cases/pdf/dnanexus.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120525022614/http://static.googleusercontent.com/external_content/untrusted_dlcp/www.google.com/en/us/enterprise/cloud/cases/pdf/dnanexus.pdf |date=2012-05-25 }}</ref> In June 2012, DNAnexus ceased hosting the SRA data after NCBI announced that it would continue funding for the database.<ref name="bare_url_a" /> The company continues to provide a search and browsing interface for the NCBI-hosted SRA database.

In February 2012, the company announced a partnership with [Geisinger Health System](/source/Geisinger_Health_System) and the [University of California, San Francisco](/source/University_of_California%2C_San_Francisco), to develop the DNAnexus technology for application in clinical medicine.<ref>McBride, Ryan. "Google Ventures-backed DNAnexus forms alliance to provide genomics software to docs." FierceBiotechIT, February 14, 2012. http://www.fiercebiotechit.com/story/google-ventures-backed-dnanexus-forms-alliance-provide-genomics-software-do/2012-02-14</ref> In September 2013, the company began offering its cloud-based platform-as-a-service to clinical testing laboratories for DNA sequence data analysis.<ref>Thomas, Uduak Grace. "Sensing New Market Opportunities, DNANexus Launches PaaS for Clinical Testing Market." BioInform, September 27, 2013. http://www.genomeweb.com/informatics/sensing-new-market-opportunities-dnanexus-launches-paas-clinical-testing-market</ref>

In June 2013, DNAnexus started a program to help software developers build applications that can be used on its platform.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.genomeweb.com/informatics/downloads-and-upgrades-dnanexus-developer-program-active-infrastructure-hpc-life|title=Downloads and Upgrades: DNANexus' Developer Program, Active Infrastructure for HPC Life Sciences, and more|date=7 June 2013}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

Category:Companies based in Mountain View, California
Category:Population genetics organizations

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [DNAnexus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAnexus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNAnexus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.