# DBDMH

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/DBDMH
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/DBDMH.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBDMH
> Source revision: 1356997204
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{chembox
| Verifiedimages = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 399740402
| Name = 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = DBDMH.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 120px
| ImageAltL1 = Skeletal formula of DBDMH
| ImageFileR1 = DBDMH 3D ball.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 130
| ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the DBDMH molecule
| PIN = 1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione
| OtherNames = DBDMH, Dibromantin, Dibromodimethylhydantoin
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 6234
| InChI = 1/C5H6Br2N2O2/c1-5(2)3(10)8(6)4(11)9(5)7/h1-2H3
| InChIKey = VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYAQ
| SMILES = O=C1N(Br)C(=O)N(Br)C1(C)C
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = V9R5F9I7MZ
| PubChem = 6479
| EC_number = 201-030-9
| ChEMBL = 3184055
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H6Br2N2O2/c1-5(2)3(10)8(6)4(11)9(5)7/h1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VRLDVERQJMEPIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 77-48-5
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C =5|H=6|Br=2|N=2|O=2
| Appearance = White solid
| Density = 1.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 0.1 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| MeltingPtC = 197 to 203
| MeltingPt_notes = 
| BoilingPt = 
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS06}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|302|314|317|319|410}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|261|264|270|272|273|280|301+310|301+312|301+330+331|302+352|303+361+353|304+340|305+351+338|310|321|330|333+313|337+313|363|391|405|501}}
 }}
}}

'''DBDMH''' (an abbreviation for '''1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin''') is an organic compound derived from the [heterocycle](/source/heterocycle) called dimethyl[hydantoin](/source/hydantoin). This white crystalline compound with a slight [bromine](/source/bromine) odor is widely used as a [disinfectant](/source/disinfectant) used for drinking [water purification](/source/water_purification), recreational water treatment, as a bleaching agent in pulp and paper mills, and for treating industrial/commercial water cooling systems.<ref>David Ioffe, Arieh Kampf "Bromine, Organic Compounds" in ''Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology'', 2002, by John Wiley & Sons.  {{doi| 10.1002/0471238961.0218151325150606.a01}}</ref> Its action does not involve the formation of [hypochlorous acid](/source/hypochlorous_acid) and instead involves [hypobromous acid](/source/hypobromous_acid).

==Mechanism of action==
1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin is a source of bromine, which is equivalent to [hypobromous acid](/source/hypobromous_acid) (HOBr). 
:Br<sub>2</sub>X  +  2 H<sub>2</sub>O   →   2 HOBr  +  H<sub>2</sub>X
(Where H<sub>2</sub>X is [5,5-dimethylhydantoin](/source/5%2C5-dimethylhydantoin))

With a [p''K''<sub>a</sub>](/source/pKa) of 8.6, hypobromous acid partially dissociates in water:
:HOBr  ⇌ H<sup>+</sup>  +  BrO<sup>−</sup>

Hypobromous acid serves as a source of "Br<sup>+</sup>," which produces bromide ions in the process of disinfection:
:HOBr + live pathogens → Br<sup>−</sup> + dead pathogens

The resulting bromide ions can then undergo oxidation to hypobromous acid in the presence of an oxidizer of sufficient strength e.g. [ozone](/source/ozone), [hypochlorous acid](/source/hypochlorous_acid), potassium mono[persulfate](/source/persulfate). This reoxidation process is commonly called "activation" of the bromide ion:
:Br<sup>−</sup>  +  HOCl   →   HOBr  +  Cl<sup>−</sup>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
* [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/MSDS/MSDS/PleaseWaitMSDSPage.do?language=&country=IE&brand=ALDRICH&productNumber=157902&PageToGoToURL=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/157902?lang=en&region=IE MSDS]

Category:Disinfectants
Category:Organobromides
Category:Hydantoins

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [DBDMH](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBDMH) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBDMH?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.