# Cyrtanthus

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Automatic taxobox
|image = Cyrtanthus elatus flowers.jpg
|image_caption = ''[Cyrtanthus elatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_elatus)''  
|taxon = Cyrtanthus
|authority = [W.Aiton](/source/William_Aiton) 1789, conserved name not Schreb. 1789 (Rubiaceae)
|type_species =	''[Cyrtanthus angustifolius](/source/Cyrtanthus_angustifolius)'' 
|type_species_authority = [W.Aiton](/source/William_Aiton)
|synonyms_ref = <ref name=w/>
|synonyms =
* Cyrtanthinae
* ''Anoiganthus'' <small>Baker</small>
* ''Vallota'' <small>Salisb. ex Herb.</small>
* ''Timmia'' <small>J.F.Gmel.</small>
* ''Gastronema'' <small>Herb.</small>
* ''Monella'' <small>Herb.</small>
* ''Cyphonema'' <small>Herb.</small>
* ''Eusipho'' <small>Salisb.</small>
* × ''Vallanthus'' <small>Cif. & Giacom.</small>
}}

'''''Cyrtanthus''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [perennial](/source/perennial), [herbaceous](/source/herbaceous) and [bulbous](/source/bulbous) plants in the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Amaryllidaceae](/source/Amaryllidaceae), [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Amaryllidoideae](/source/Amaryllidoideae).<ref>{{citation |last=Stevens |first=P.F. |date=2001{{ndash}}2012 |title=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website: Asparagales: Amaryllidoideae |url=http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/asparagalesweb.htm#AllAma }}</ref><ref>[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3650175#page/447/mode/1up Aiton, William. 1789. Hortus Kewensis, or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, 1: 414] in Latin</ref><ref>[http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40020563 Tropicos, ''Cyrtanthus'' W. Aiton ]</ref><ref>Snijman, D.A. (2007). Notes on new and misunderstood taxa of ''Cyrtanthus'' (Amaryllidaceae: Cyrtantheae) from the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Bothalia 37: 1-8.</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
''Cyrtanthus'' is the sole genus in the African tribe Cyrtantheae.

=== Phylogeny ===
The placement of  Cyrtantheae within subfamily Amaryllidoideae is shown in the
following cladogram:

{{cladogram
| title= {{anchor|Clad3}}Cladogram: Tribes of subfamily Amaryllidoideae
| align=left
| cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:92%;line-height:100%;width:700px;

| label1 = Subfamily '''[Amaryllidoideae](/source/Amaryllidoideae)'''

|1= {{Clade
|     label1= Africa
|     1= Tribe [Amaryllideae](/source/Amaryllideae)
|     2= {{Clade
| 1= {{clade
| label1=Africa
| 1= Tribe '''Cyrtantheae'''
| 2= {{clade
| label1=Africa
| 1= Tribe [Haemantheae](/source/Haemantheae)
| label2= Australasia
| 2= Tribe [Calostemmateae](/source/Calostemmateae)
}}
}}
| 2= {{clade
| label1= Eurasian clade
| label2= American clade
| 1= {{clade
| label1= Asia
| 1= Tribe [Lycorideae](/source/Lycorideae)
| label2= Mediterranean
| 2= {{clade
| 1= Tribe [Galantheae](/source/Galantheae)
| 2= {{clade
| 1= Tribe [Pancratieae](/source/Pancratieae)
| 2= Tribe [Narcisseae](/source/Narcisseae)
}}
}}
}}
| 2= {{clade
| label1= Hippeastroid clade
| label2= Andean clade
| 1= {{clade
| 1= Tribe [Griffineae](/source/Griffineae)
| 2= Tribe [Hippeastreae](/source/Hippeastreae)

}}
| 2= {{clade
| 1= {{clade
| 1= Tribe [Eustephieae](/source/Eustephieae)
}}
| 2= {{clade

| 1= Tribe [Eucharideae](/source/Eucharideae)/[Stenomesseae](/source/Stenomesseae)

| 2= {{clade
| 1= {{clade
| 1= Tribe [Clinantheae](/source/Clinantheae)
| 2= Tribe [Hymenocallideae](/source/Hymenocallideae)
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
}}
{{clear}}

=== Subdivision ===
There are over 50 recognized species, all native to central and southern [Africa](/source/Africa).<ref name=w>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cyrtanthus.htm |title=''Cyrtanthus'', by G. Duncan, Kirstenbosch Botanical Garden, South Africa. |access-date=2013-09-20 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303181545/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/cyrtanthus.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://redlist.sanbi.org/search.php?sppsearch=Cyrtanthus+ Sanbi Red List of South African Plants, search for ''Cyrtanthus'']</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*''[Cyrtanthus angustifolius](/source/Cyrtanthus_angustifolius)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus attenuatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_attenuatus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus aureolinus](/source/Cyrtanthus_aureolinus)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus bicolor](/source/Cyrtanthus_bicolor)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus brachyscyphus](/source/Cyrtanthus_brachyscyphus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus brachysiphon](/source/Cyrtanthus_brachysiphon)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus breviflorus](/source/Cyrtanthus_breviflorus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus carneus](/source/Cyrtanthus_carneus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus clavatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_clavatus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus collinus](/source/Cyrtanthus_collinus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus contractus](/source/Cyrtanthus_contractus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus debilis](/source/Cyrtanthus_debilis)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus elatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_elatus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus epiphyticus](/source/Cyrtanthus_epiphyticus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus erubescens](/source/Cyrtanthus_erubescens)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus eucallus](/source/Cyrtanthus_eucallus)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus falcatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_falcatus)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus fergusoniae](/source/Cyrtanthus_fergusoniae)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus flammosus](/source/Cyrtanthus_flammosus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus flanaganii](/source/Cyrtanthus_flanaganii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus flavus](/source/Cyrtanthus_flavus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus galpinii](/source/Cyrtanthus_galpinii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus guthrieae](/source/Cyrtanthus_guthrieae)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus helictus](/source/Cyrtanthus_helictus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus herrei](/source/Cyrtanthus_herrei)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus huttonii](/source/Cyrtanthus_huttonii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus inaequalis](/source/Cyrtanthus_inaequalis)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus junodii](/source/Cyrtanthus_junodii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus labiatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_labiatus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus leptosiphon](/source/Cyrtanthus_leptosiphon)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus leucanthus](/source/Cyrtanthus_leucanthus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus loddigesianus](/source/Cyrtanthus_loddigesianus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus mackenii](/source/Cyrtanthus_mackenii)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus macmasteri](/source/Cyrtanthus_macmasteri)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus macowanii](/source/Cyrtanthus_macowanii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus montanus](/source/Cyrtanthus_montanus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus nutans](/source/Cyrtanthus_nutans)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus obliquus](/source/Cyrtanthus_obliquus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus obrienii](/source/Cyrtanthus_obrienii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus ochroleucus](/source/Cyrtanthus_ochroleucus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus odorus](/source/Cyrtanthus_odorus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus rhodesianus](/source/Cyrtanthus_rhodesianus)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus rhododactylus](/source/Cyrtanthus_rhododactylus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus rotundilobus](/source/Cyrtanthus_rotundilobus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus sanguineus](/source/Cyrtanthus_sanguineus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus smithiae](/source/Cyrtanthus_smithiae)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus spiralis](/source/Cyrtanthus_spiralis)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus staadensis](/source/Cyrtanthus_staadensis)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus stenanthus](/source/Cyrtanthus_stenanthus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus striatus](/source/Cyrtanthus_striatus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus suaveolens](/source/Cyrtanthus_suaveolens)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus thorncroftii](/source/Cyrtanthus_thorncroftii)'' 
*''[Cyrtanthus tuckii](/source/Cyrtanthus_tuckii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus ventricosus](/source/Cyrtanthus_ventricosus)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus wellandii](/source/Cyrtanthus_wellandii)''  
*''[Cyrtanthus welwitschii](/source/Cyrtanthus_welwitschii)'' 
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist| 2}}

== Bibliography ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite web|title=Amaryllidaceae: A taxonomic tool for the Amaryllidaceae of the world|url=http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/|publisher=[eMonocot](/source/eMonocot)|ref={{harvid|eMonocot|2016}}|access-date=2016-02-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304161517/http://amaryllidaceae.e-monocot.org/|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}
{{Refend}}

== External links==
{{Commons}}
*[http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Cyrtanthus Images of several species of ''Cyrtanthus'' from Pacific Bulb Society]

{{Amaryllidaceae}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q310372|from2=Q10464992}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Amaryllidaceae genera
Category:Amaryllidoideae

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cyrtanthus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrtanthus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrtanthus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.