# Cyberocracy

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Form of government that rules by the use of information

Not to be confused with [E-government](/source/E-government) or [Netocracy](/source/Netocracy).

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In [futurology](/source/Futures_studies), **cyberocracy** describes a hypothetical [form of government](/source/Government#Forms) that rules by the effective use of [information](/source/Information). The exact nature of a cyberocracy is largely speculative as, apart from [Project Cybersyn](/source/Project_Cybersyn), there have been no cybercratic governments; however, a growing number of cybercratic elements can be found in many [developed nations](/source/Developed_nations). Cyberocracy theory is largely the work of David Ronfeldt, who published several papers on the theory.[1][2][3] Some sources equate cyberocracy with [algorithmic governance](/source/Government_by_algorithm), although algorithms are not the only means of processing information.[4][5]

## Overview

Cyberocracy, from the roots 'cyber-' and '-cracy' signifies rule by way of information, especially when using interconnected computer networks.[6] The concept involves information and its control as the source of power and is viewed as the next stage of the political evolution.[6]

The fundamental feature of a cyberocracy would be the rapid transmission of relevant information from the source of a problem to the people in a position able to fix said problem, most likely via a system of interconnected computer networks and automated information sorting software, with human decision makers only being called into use in the case of unusual problems, problem trends, or through an appeal process pursued by an individual. Cyberocracy is the functional [antithesis](/source/Antithesis) of traditional [bureaucracies](/source/Bureaucracies) which sometimes notoriously suffer from [fiefdom](/source/Fiefdom), slowness, and a list of other unfortunate qualities. A bureaucracy forces and limits the flow of information through defined channels that connect discrete points while cyberocracy transmits volumes of information accessible to many different parties.[7] In addition, bureaucracy deploys brittle practices such as programs and budgets whereas cyberocracy is more adaptive with its focus on management and cultural contexts.[8] Ultimately a cyberocracy may use administrative [AIs](/source/AI) if not an AI as [head of state](/source/Head_of_state) forming a [machine rule](/source/Machine_rule) government.

According to Ronfeldt and Valda, it is still too early to determine the exact form of cyberocracy but that it could lead to new forms of the traditional systems of governance such as [democracy](/source/Democracy), [totalitarianism](/source/Totalitarianism), and hybrid governments.[3] Some noted that cyberocracy is still speculative since there is currently no existing cybercratic government, although it is acknowledged that some of its components are already adopted by governments in a number of developed countries.[9]

While the outcome or the results of cyberocracy is still challenging to identify, there are those who cite that it will lead to new forms of governmental and political systems, particularly amid the emergence of new sensory apparatuses, networked society, and modes of networked governance.[10]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** David Ronfeldt (1991). ["Cyberocracy, Cyberspace, and Cyberology:Political Effects of the Information Revolution"](http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P7745.pdf) (PDF). RAND Corporation. Retrieved 12 Dec 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** David Ronfeldt (1992). ["Cyberocracy is Coming"](http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2007/RAND_RP222.pdf) (PDF). RAND Corporation. Retrieved 12 Dec 2014.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_3-1) Ronfeldt, David; Varda, Danielle (1 December 2008). ["The Prospects for Cyberocracy (Revisited)"](https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/pn_wp/29). *[Social Science Research Network](/source/Social_Science_Research_Network)*. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2139/ssrn.1325809](https://doi.org/10.2139%2Fssrn.1325809). [SSRN](/source/SSRN_(identifier)) [1325809](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1325809).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Opinion | Transparency in governance, through cyberocracy"](https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2019/07/04/transparency-in-governance-through-cyberocracy). *kathmandupost.com*. Retrieved 25 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Hudson, Alex (28 August 2019). ["'Far more than surveillance' is happening and could change how government is run"](https://metro.co.uk/2019/08/28/far-more-than-surveillance-is-already-in-place-and-cyberocracy-could-change-how-government-is-run-10637802/). *Metro*. Retrieved 25 April 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_6-1) Walch, James; Walch, Jim (1999). *In the Net: A Guide for Activists*. London: Zed Books Ltd. p. 48. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1856497585](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1856497585).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Neilson, Robert E. (1997). *Sun Tzu and Information Warfare: A Collection of Winning Papers from the Sun Tzu Art of War in Information Warfare Competition*. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press. p. 18. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1579060374](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1579060374).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Bachman, Leonard R. (2012-06-14). [*Two Spheres: Physical and Strategic Design in Architecture*](https://books.google.com/books?id=mUSro88XGOAC&dq=cyberocracy&pg=PT252). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781136319044](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136319044).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Kariye, Dr Badal W. (2010). *The Political Sociology of Security, Politics, Economics & Diplomacy: Quicker Academic Path for Good Governance*. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 98. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781452085463](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452085463).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Horowitz, Irving (2018-02-06). [*Culture and Civilization: Volume 2, Beyond Positivism and Historicism*](https://books.google.com/books?id=vvdKDwAAQBAJ&dq=Cyberocracy&pg=PT152). Routledge. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781351524407](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351524407).

## Further reading

- [Anderson, Walter Truett](/source/Walter_Truett_Anderson) (2003). [*All Connected Now*](https://archive.org/details/allconnectednow00walt). Avalon. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780813341545](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813341545).

- Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Malkia, eds. (2007). [*Encyclopedia of Digital Government*](https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC). Idea Group Inc (IGI). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781591407904](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781591407904).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cyberocracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberocracy) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberocracy?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.