# Ctenopterella > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ctenopterella > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Ctenopterella.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenopterella > Source revision: 1323709820 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Genus of ferns}} {{automatic taxobox | image = | taxon = Ctenopterella | authority = Parris | type_species = ''[Ctenopterella blechnoides](/source/Ctenopterella_blechnoides)'' | type_species_authority = ([Grev.](/source/Robert_Kaye_Greville)) Parris }} '''''Ctenopterella''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [fern](/source/fern)s in the family [Polypodiaceae](/source/Polypodiaceae), subfamily [Grammitidoideae](/source/Grammitidoideae), according to the [Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group](/source/Pteridophyte_Phylogeny_Group) classification of 2016 (PPG I). It is known from Africa through southeast Asia and Oceania to Polynesia. ==Description== The rhizomes are dorsiventral (having upper and lower surfaces clearly distinct in appearance), and bear two rows of [stipe](/source/stipe_(botany))s, which sometimes have distinct joints where they attach. Distinct phyllopodia are present in some below the joint. The rhizome scales are brown, glabrous, and dull to glossy.{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=Five new genera and three new species of Grammitidaceae (Filicales) and the re-establishment of ''Oreogrammitis'' |journal=Gardens' Bulletin Singapore |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=233–274 |year=2007 |url=https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_58_2_pdf_Vol_58_Part%202_2007/4.4.58.2.05_y2007_V58_P2_GBS_pg.233.pdf |access-date=2016-07-30 |archive-date=2016-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807035954/https://www.sbg.org.sg/images/4_4_Research_Gardens_Bulletin/4_4_58_2_pdf_Vol_58_Part%202_2007/4.4.58.2.05_y2007_V58_P2_GBS_pg.233.pdf |url-status=dead }} Hairs, where present, are unbranched and branched, from whitish to brown in color. The leaf blades range from [pinnatifid](/source/pinnatifid) to pinnate-pinnatifid in cutting, bearing free veins which usually end in [hydathode](/source/hydathode)s on the upper surface of the leaf. Sori are borne beneath pinnae or lobes, sometimes slightly sunken into the leaf tissue, usually in two rows but rarely in one. The [sori](/source/sorus) are circular to elliptic in shape; the [sporangia](/source/sporangia) lack hairs. ==Taxonomy== The genus was first described by Barbara Parris in 2007 to receive some of the species of the polyphyletic genus ''[Ctenopteris](/source/Ctenopteris)''; ''Ctenopterella'' is a diminutive form of that name. She initially placed twelve species in the genus. In 2013, she described a new species, ''[Ctenopterella gabonensis](/source/Ctenopterella_gabonensis)'', from the Monts Doudou in [Gabon](/source/Gabon),{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=''Ctenopterella gabonensis'', a new species of grammitid fern (Polypodiaceae) from Gabon, Africa |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=89–93 |year=2013 |url=http://ebps.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/FGV19P3M1-hLz2ra.pdf}} and transferred a Vietnamese species, ''[Ctenopterella nhatrangensis](/source/Ctenopterella_nhatrangensis)'', into the genus.{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=New combinations and lectotypifications for some Southeast Asian, Malesian and Pacific grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=19 |issue=6 |pages=207–211 |year=2013}} In 2015, she transferred three more species from ''Ctenopteris'', including one she had formerly placed in synonymy, in preparation for a monograph on the genus.{{cite journal |first=Barbara S. |last=Parris |title=Three new combinations in ''Ctenopterella'' (Polypodiaceae) |journal=Fern Gazette |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=207–211 |year=2015 |url=http://ebps.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/FGV20P2S3.pdf}} {{As of|2014|August}}, the only phylogenetic study so far to include any ''Ctenopterella'' species sampled ''Ctenopterella denticulata'' only. It found that this species, ''[Acrosorus friderici-et-pauli](/source/Acrosorus_friderici-et-pauli)'' (the type of its genus), and ''[Grammitis stenophylla](/source/Grammitis_stenophylla)'' form a clade sister to the combined clade of ''[Oreogrammitis](/source/Oreogrammitis)'', ''[Prosaptia](/source/Prosaptia)'', ''[Radiogrammitis](/source/Radiogrammitis)'', and ''[Themelium](/source/Themelium)''. None of the three taxa in the first clade are particularly close morphologically.{{cite journal |first1=Michael A. |last1=Sundue |first2=Barbara S. |last2=Parris |first3=Tom A. |last3=Ranker |first4=Alan R. |last4=Smith |first5=Erin L. |last5=Fujimoto |first6=Delia |last6=Zamora-Crosby |first7=Clifford W. |last7=Morden |first8=Wen-Liang |last8=Chiou |first9=Cheng-Wei |last9=Chen |first10=Germinal |last10=Rouhan |first11=Regina Y. |last11=Hirai |first12=Jefferson |last12=Prado |title=Global phylogeny and biogeography of grammitid ferns (Polypodiaceae) |journal=[Molecular Genetics and Evolution](/source/Molecular_Genetics_and_Evolution) |volume=81 |pages=195–206 |year=2014 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.017 |pmid=25173566 |bibcode=2014MolPE..81..195S |s2cid=21098484 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265176631}} ''Ctenopterella denticulata'' has since been transferred to the genus ''[Oxygrammitis](/source/Oxygrammitis)'' as ''[Oxygrammitis denticulata](/source/Oxygrammitis_denticulata)''. In addition to ''Oxygrammitis'', other species have been transferred to ''[Boonkerdia](/source/Boonkerdia)'' and ''[Rouhania](/source/Rouhania)''. ==Species== {{As of|2025|November}}, the ''Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World'' accepted the following ten species: {{Div col|colwidth=24em}} *''[Ctenopterella blechnoides](/source/Ctenopterella_blechnoides)'' (Grev.) Parris *''[Ctenopterella gordonii](/source/Ctenopterella_gordonii)'' (S.B.Andrews) Parris *''[Ctenopterella khaoluangensis](/source/Ctenopterella_khaoluangensis)'' (Tagawa & K.Iwats.) Parris *''[Ctenopterella lasiostipes](/source/Ctenopterella_lasiostipes)'' (Mett.) Parris *''[Ctenopterella lepida](/source/Ctenopterella_lepida)'' (Brause) Parris *''[Ctenopterella nhatrangensis](/source/Ctenopterella_nhatrangensis)'' (C.Chr. & Tardieu) Parris *''[Ctenopterella pacifica](/source/Ctenopterella_pacifica)'' Parris *''[Ctenopterella pediculata](/source/Ctenopterella_pediculata)'' (Baker) Parris *''[Ctenopterella rivularis](/source/Ctenopterella_rivularis)'' Parris *''[Ctenopterella seemannii](/source/Ctenopterella_seemannii)'' (J.Sm.) Parris *''[Ctenopterella vodonaivalui](/source/Ctenopterella_vodonaivalui)'' (Brownlie) Parris {{Div col end}} ==References== {{Reflist|refs= {{cite WF |taxon=Ctenopterella |access-date=2025-11-12}} {{cite WF |taxon=Oxygrammitis |access-date=2025-04-20}} {{citation |mode=cs1|author=PPG I |year=2016 |title=A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns |journal=[Journal of Systematics and Evolution](/source/Journal_of_Systematics_and_Evolution) |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=563–603 |doi=10.1111/jse.12229|bibcode=2016JSyEv..54..563. |s2cid=39980610 |doi-access=free}} }} {{Taxonbar|from=Q17187669}} Category:Polypodiaceae Category:Fern genera --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Ctenopterella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenopterella) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenopterella?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.