# Crossotheca

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Crossotheca
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Crossotheca.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossotheca
> Source revision: 1281411153
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Short description|Extinct genus of seed ferns}}
{{automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [Carboniferous](/source/Carboniferous)-[Triassic](/source/Triassic), <br>{{fossilrange|318.1|235.0|earliest=388.1}}
| image = Crossotheca.jpg
| image_caption = Specimen P 30369 (left) and the pollen bearing organs of ''C. hughesiana'' from [Dudley](/source/Dudley), [England](/source/England)
| image2 = EB1911 Palaeobotany - Crossotheca Höninghausi.jpg
| image2_caption = Reconstruction of ''C. höninghausi''
| taxon = Crossotheca
| authority = Zeiller (1883)<ref name=Zeiller83>Zeiller, R. (1883). Fruitifications de Fougèred du Terrain Houiller. ''Ann. Sci. Nat. 6e sèr. Bot.'' XVI, pp. 177-209</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
*{{extinct}}''C. boulayi'' <small>Zeiller (1883)<ref name=Zeiller83 /></small>
*{{extinct}}''C. communis'' <small>Lesquererfx</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. crepini'' <small>Zeiller (1883)</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. fimbriata'' <small>[Kidston](/source/Robert_Kidston) (1906)<ref name=Kid06 /></small>
*{{extinct}}''C. grievii'' <small>Potonie (1954)<ref>Potonie, R. (1954). Position of the Paleozoic spore genera in the natural system.</ref></small>
*{{extinct}}''C. höninghausi'' <small>Johnson & [Kidston](/source/Robert_Kidston) (1911)<ref name=Kidston1911>F. L. S., Johnson, T. D. (1911). A seed-bearing Irish Pteridosperm, ''Crossotheca Höninghausi'', Kidston (''[Lyginodendron oldhamium](/source/Lyginodendron)'', Williamson). ''[Royal Dublin Society](/source/Royal_Dublin_Society)''</ref><ref name=Scott1911 /> [originally ''[Sphenopteris](/source/Sphenopteris)'']</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. hughesiana'' <small>[Kidston](/source/Robert_Kidston) (1906)<ref name=Kid06 >{{cite journal|last1=Kidston|first1=Robert |year=1906|title=On the microsporangia of the pteridosperms |journal=  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character|volume=77 |issue=515 |pages=161–162 |doi=10.1098/rspb.1906.0005|bibcode=1906RSPSB..77..161K |doi-access= }}</ref></small>
*{{extinct}}''C. kentuekiensis'' <small>Stubbefield, Taylor & Daghlian (1982)<ref>Stubblefield, S.P., Taylor, T.N. and Daghlian, C.P., (1982). Compressed plants from the Lower Pennsylvanian of Kentucky (U.S.A.). I. ''Crossotheca kentuekiensis'' n. sp. ''Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol.'', 36: 197--204.</ref></small>
*{{extinct}}''C. kidstom''? <small>(''[nomen dubium](/source/nomen_dubium)'')</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. kidstoni'' <small>Crookall</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. pinnatifida'' <small>Gutbier</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. sagittata'' <small>Lesquererfx</small>
*{{extinct}}''C. schatzlarensis''
*{{extinct}}''C. reniformis''
*{{extinct}}''C. trichomanoides''
*{{extinct}}''C. trisecta'' <small>Sellards</small>
| synonyms = 
*''[Sphenopteris](/source/Sphenopteris) höninghausi'' <small>[Brongniart](/source/Adolphe-Th%C3%A9odore_Brongniart) (1849)<ref>[Brongniart, A.T.](/source/Adolphe-Th%C3%A9odore_Brongniart) (1849). Tableau des genres de végétaux fossiles considérés sous le point de vue de leur classification botanique et de leur distribution géologique. ''Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle.'' 13. 1-127.</ref></small>
}}
'''''Crossotheca''''' is an [extinct](/source/extinct) [genus](/source/genus) of seed ferns ([Pteridospermatophyta](/source/Pteridospermatophyta)) widespread in coal measures of [Carboniferous](/source/Carboniferous), [Permian](/source/Permian) and [Triassic](/source/Triassic) age,<ref name=Andrews70>Andrews, N. H. (1970). Index of Generic Names of Fossil Plants, 1820-1965. ''Geological Survey Bulletin'' 1-354</ref> with possible [Devonian](/source/Devonian) remains known from [Belgium](/source/Belgium).<ref name=Andrews70 /><ref name=Jud11 /> The type species is '''''C. crepini''''', named and described in 1883 by R. Zeiller,<ref name=Zeiller83 /> and the genus is known from fossils found in [Belgium (?)](/source/Belgium), [Canada](/source/Canada), [China](/source/China), [England](/source/England), [France](/source/France), [Hungary](/source/Hungary), [Ireland](/source/Ireland), [Poland](/source/Poland) and the [United States](/source/United_States).<ref name=Andrews70 />

One species, ''C. höninghausi'', is the male fructification of ''[Lyginodendron oldhami](/source/Lyginodendron)''<ref name=Scott1911>"Palaeobotany," ''[Encyclopædia Britannica](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica)'' ([11th ed.](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition)), v. 21, 1911, p. 536, fig. 28.</ref><ref name=Jud11>Jud, N. A. (2011). Unpublished taxonomic opinions.</ref> and the same species is the [microsporangia](/source/microsporangia)-bearing member of ''[Lyginopteris](/source/Lyginopteris)''.<ref name=Scott1911 />

==Description==
A fertile ''Crossotheca'' branch shows the following features:<ref name=Kid06 /><ref name=Andrews70 />

*The branch tips are slightly expanded into a circular or paddle-shaped limb.
*At the tip of each branch there are a few bilocular sporangia attached together.
*Each sporangium contains a number of microspores (pollens).

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q108387589}}

Category:Pteridospermatophyta
Category:Carboniferous plants
Category:Permian plants
Category:Triassic plants
Category:Prehistoric plants
Category:Prehistoric plant genera
Category:Fossil taxa described in 1883

{{Carboniferous-plant-stub}}
{{Permian-plant-stub}}
{{Triassic-plant-stub}}

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Crossotheca](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossotheca) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossotheca?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.