# Crisdesalazine

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**Crisdesalazine** (INN; developmental code name **AAD-2004**) is a [microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1](/source/MPGES-1) (mPGES-1) [inhibitor](/source/Enzyme_inhibitor) and [free radical scavenger](/source/Scavenger_(chemistry)) which is under development for the treatment of [Alzheimer's disease](/source/Alzheimer's_disease), [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis](/source/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis) (ALS), [depressive disorders](/source/Depressive_disorder), [Parkinson's disease](/source/Parkinson's_disease), and [spinal muscular atrophy](/source/Spinal_muscular_atrophy).[1][2][3] It was also under development for the treatment of [arthritis](/source/Arthritis), [diabetes](/source/Diabetes_mellitus), [pain](/source/Pain), and [pancreatitis](/source/Pancreatitis), but development for these indications was discontinued.[1] Crisdesalazine is also approved under the brand name **GedaCure** for treatment of dogs with [canine cognitive dysfunction](/source/Canine_cognitive_dysfunction).[4]

## Background

The drug was [derived](/source/Chemical_derivative) from [salicylic acids](/source/Salicylic_acid) like [mesalazine](/source/Mesalazine) (5-aminosalicylate), [aspirin](/source/Aspirin) (acetylsalicylate), and [sulfasalazine](/source/Sulfasalazine).[2] By inhibiting mPGES-1 (also known as [prostaglandin E synthase](/source/Prostaglandin_E_synthase) (PTGES)), it blocks [prostaglandin E2](/source/Prostaglandin_E2) [production](/source/Biosynthesis).[2][5] Crisdesalazine is described as having a dual action, additionally acting as a direct free radical scavenger.[2] Crisdesalazine is described as having [anti-inflammatory](/source/Anti-inflammatory), [antioxidant](/source/Antioxidant), and [neuroprotective](/source/Neuroprotective) effects.[3] It seems to have potentially superior therapeutic effects compared to [nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs](/source/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug) (NSAIDs; or [cyclooxygenase inhibitors](/source/Cyclooxygenase_inhibitor)) like [ibuprofen](/source/Ibuprofen), for instance having better [selectivity](/source/Tissue_selectivity) and [safety](/source/Drug_safety).[2][5]

As of February 2023, crisdesalazine is in [phase 1](/source/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_I) [clinical trials](/source/Clinical_trial) for [Alzheimer's disease](/source/Alzheimer's_disease), [amyotrophic lateral sclerosis](/source/Amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis) (ALS), [depressive disorders](/source/Depressive_disorder), and [Parkinson's disease](/source/Parkinson's_disease) and is in the [preclinical stage of development](/source/Preclinical_research) for [spinal muscular atrophy](/source/Spinal_muscular_atrophy).[1] It was first described in the [scientific literature](/source/Scientific_literature) in 2012.[6][3]

## See also

- [List of investigational antidepressants](/source/List_of_investigational_antidepressants)
- [List of investigational Parkinson's disease drugs](/source/List_of_investigational_Parkinson's_disease_drugs)
- [Selegiline § Veterinary use](/source/Selegiline#Veterinary_use)

## References

1. ["Crisdesalazine"](https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800032805). *AdisInsight*. 21 February 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2024.

1. Nango H, Tsuruta K, Miyagishi H, Aono Y, Saigusa T, Kosuge Y (June 2023). "Update on the pathological roles of prostaglandin E2 in neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". *Translational Neurodegeneration*. **12** (1). [doi:10.1186/s40035-023-00366-w](https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00366-w). [PMC 10278279](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10278279). [PMID 37337289](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37337289)

1. Dunkel P, Chai CL, Sperlágh B, Huleatt PB, Mátyus P (September 2012). ["Clinical utility of neuroprotective agents in neurodegenerative diseases: current status of drug development for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"](http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/106630). *Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs*. **21** (9): 1267–1308. [doi:10.1517/13543784.2012.703178](https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.2012.703178). [PMID 22741814](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22741814)

1. ["GNT Pharma's GedaCure® Approved for the Treatment of Dogs With Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome"](https://www.biospace.com/gnt-pharma-s-gedacure-approved-for-the-treatment-of-dogs-with-cognitive-dysfunction-syndrome). *BioSpace*. 10 February 2021. Retrieved 19 October 2024.

1. Pereira-Leite C, Nunes C, Jamal SK, Cuccovia IM, Reis S (July 2017). "Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Therapy: A Journey Toward Safety". *Medicinal Research Reviews*. **37** (4): 802–859. [doi:10.1002/med.21424](https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21424). [PMID 28005273](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28005273)

1. Lima IV, Bastos LF, Limborço-Filho M, Fiebich BL, de Oliveira AC (2012). "Role of prostaglandins in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases". *Mediators of Inflammation*. **2012**. [doi:10.1155/2012/946813](https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/946813). [PMC 3385693](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3385693). [PMID 22778499](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22778499)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Crisdesalazine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisdesalazine) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisdesalazine?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.