# Crawler-transporter

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NASA rocket transport vehicle

Motor vehicle

Crawler-transporter Overview Manufacturer Marion Power Shovel Company Also called Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities Model years 1965 Powertrain Engine 2 × 2,050 kW (2,750 hp) V16 ALCO 251C diesel engines, driving 4 × 1,000 kW (1,341 hp) generators for traction 2 × 794 kW (1,065 hp) engines driving 2 × 750 kW (1,006 hp) generators powering auxiliaries: jacking, steering, lighting, and ventilating. Transmission 16 × traction motors, 4 per corner Dimensions Length 40 m (131 ft) Width 35 m (114 ft) Height Adjustable, 6 to 8 m (20 to 26 ft) Curb weight 2,721 t (6,000,000 lb)[1] Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities U.S. National Register of Historic Places Location Kennedy Space Center, Florida MPS John F. Kennedy Space Center MPS NRHP reference No. 99001643[2] Added to NRHP January 21, 2000

The **crawler-transporters**, formally known as the **Missile Crawler Transporter Facilities**,[2] are a pair of [tracked](/source/Continuous_track) [vehicles](/source/Vehicle) used to transport [launch vehicles](/source/Launch_vehicle) from [NASA](/source/NASA)'s [Vehicle Assembly Building](/source/Vehicle_Assembly_Building) (VAB) along the [Crawlerway](/source/Crawlerway) to [Launch Complex 39](/source/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39). They were originally used to transport the [Saturn IB](/source/Saturn_IB) and [Saturn V](/source/Saturn_V) [rockets](/source/Rocket) during the [Apollo](/source/Apollo_program), [Skylab](/source/Skylab) and [Apollo–Soyuz](/source/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz) programs. They were then used to transport [Space Shuttles](/source/Space_Shuttle) from 1981 to 2011. The crawler-transporters carry vehicles on the [mobile launcher platforms](/source/Mobile_launcher_platform) (MLPs) used by NASA, and after each launch return to the pad to take the platform back to the VAB.[3]

The two crawler-transporters were designed and built by [Marion Power Shovel Company](/source/Marion_Power_Shovel_Company) using some components designed and built by [Rockwell International](/source/Rockwell_International) at a cost of US$14 million (equivalent to $143 million in 2025) each.[4] Upon its construction, the crawler-transporter became the largest self-powered land vehicle in the world. While other vehicles such as [bucket-wheel excavators](/source/Bucket-wheel_excavator) like [Bagger 288](/source/Bagger_288), [dragline excavators](/source/Dragline_excavator) like [Big Muskie](/source/Big_Muskie) and [power shovels](/source/Power_shovel) like [The Captain](/source/Marion_6360) are significantly larger, they are powered by external sources.

The two crawler-transporters were added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 21, 2000.[2]

## Specifications

Diagram of a crawler-transporter

The crawler-transporter has a mass of 2,721 tonnes (6 million pounds; 2,999 short tons) and has eight tracks, two on each corner.[1] Each track has 57 shoes, and each shoe weighs 998 kg (2,200 lb)[5]. The vehicle measures 40 by 35 meters (131 by 114 ft). The height from ground level to the platform is adjustable from 6.1 to 7.9 m (20 to 26 ft), and each side can be raised and lowered independently of the other. The crawler uses a laser guidance system and a leveling system to keep the [Mobile Launcher Platform](/source/Mobile_Launcher_Platform) level within 10 [minutes of arc](/source/Minutes_of_arc) (0.16 degrees; about 30 cm (1 ft) at the top of the Saturn V), while moving up the 5 percent grade to the launch site.[6] A separate laser docking system provides pinpoint accuracy when the crawler-transporter and Mobile Launch Platform are positioned in the VAB or at the launch pad.[7] A team of nearly 30 engineers, technicians and drivers operate the vehicle, centered on an internal control room, and the crawler is driven from two control cabs located at either end.[8][9] Before the launch the crawler-transporter is removed.

The crawlers were overhauled in 2003 with upgrades to the Motor Control Center, which houses the switchgear and electrical controls of all of major systems on board; a new engine and pump ventilation system; new diesel engine radiators; and replacement of the two driver cabs on each vehicle (one on each end).[8] After the 2003 refit, each crawler had 16 traction motors, powered by four 1,000 kW (1,341 hp) generators, in turn driven by two 2,050 kW (2,750 hp) V16 [ALCO 251C](/source/ALCO_251) [diesel engines](/source/Diesel_engine). Two 750 kW (1,006 hp) generators, driven by two 794 kW (1,065 hp) engines, were used for jacking, steering, lighting, and ventilating. Two 150 kW (201 hp) generators were also available to power the Mobile Launcher Platform. The crawler's tanks held 19,000 liters (5,000 U.S. gal) of diesel fuel, and it burned 296 liters per kilometer (125.7 U.S. gal/mi).[1]

Due to their age and the need to support the heavier [Space Launch System](/source/Space_Launch_System) and its launch tower, in 2012–2014 the crawlers were undergoing an upgrade involving "new engines, new exhausts, new brakes, new hydraulics, new computers"; CT-2 was further upgraded in 2014–2016 to increase its lifting capacity from 5,400 to 8,200 tonnes (12 to 18 million pounds).[4][10][11]

The crawlers traveled along the 5.5 and 6.8 km (3.4 and 4.2 mi) Crawlerways, to [LC-39A](/source/LC-39A) and [LC-39B](/source/LC-39B), respectively, at a maximum speed of 1.6 kilometers per hour (1 mph) loaded, or 3.2 km/h (2 mph) unloaded.[9][12] The average trip time from the VAB along the Crawlerway to Launch Complex 39 is about five hours.[1] Each Crawlerway is 2 m (7 ft) deep and covered with Alabama and Tennessee river rock for its low friction properties to reduce the possibility of sparks. In 2000, NASA unearthed and restored an Apollo-era segment of the Crawlerway to provide access to High Bay 2 in the VAB in order to provide protection from a hurricane for up to three Shuttles at the same time.[13]

Kennedy Space Center has been using the same two crawlers since their initial delivery in 1965. They are now nicknamed "[Hans and Franz](/source/Hans_and_Franz)",[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] after the parodic Austrian bodybuilder characters on *[Saturday Night Live](/source/Saturday_Night_Live)*, played by [Dana Carvey](/source/Dana_Carvey) and [Kevin Nealon](/source/Kevin_Nealon).[14] In their lifetime, they have traveled more than 5,500 km (3,400 mi), about the same driving distance as from [Miami](/source/Miami) to [Seattle](/source/Seattle).[8]

## Future use

### Crawler-Transporter 2

 Crawler-Transporter 2 transporting the [Artemis II](/source/Artemis_II) stack to Launch Complex 39B in January 2026

NASA currently uses crawler-transporter 2 to transport the [Space Launch System](/source/Space_Launch_System) with the [Orion spacecraft](/source/Orion_(spacecraft)) atop it from the [Vehicle Assembly Building](/source/Vehicle_Assembly_Building) to [Launch Pad 39B](/source/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B) for the [Artemis missions](/source/Artemis_program). Early in 2016, NASA finished upgrading crawler-transporter 2 (CT-2) to a "Super Crawler" for use in the [Artemis program](/source/Artemis_program).[11] NASA performed a rollout of the [Artemis 1](/source/Artemis_1) Space Launch System and Orion on March 17, 2022, for the first Wet Dress Rehearsal, and the rollout for launch, which launched in November 2022. The rollout for the WDR, marked the first time one of the crawler transporters rolled a launch vehicle to the launch pad since [STS-135](/source/STS-135).[15]

### Crawler-Transporter 1

NASA had originally planned for crawler-transporter 1 to be used by commercial launch vehicles.[16] In April 2016, then Orbital ATK, now [Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems](/source/Northrop_Grumman_Innovation_Systems), and NASA entered negotiations for the lease of CT-1 and one of the four Vehicle Assembly Building bays.[17] Northrop Grumman planned to use CT-1 to transport their [Omega](/source/Omega_(rocket)) from the Vehicle Assembly Building to [Launch Pad 39B](/source/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B). Omega was cancelled in September 2020 after Northrop Grumman lost the [National Security Space Launch](/source/National_Security_Space_Launch) contract to [United Launch Alliance](/source/United_Launch_Alliance) and [SpaceX](/source/SpaceX).[18]

## Appearances in popular culture

The crawler-transporters have featured in television and movies. In a 2007 [season three episode](/source/List_of_Dirty_Jobs_episodes#ep59) of *[Dirty Jobs](/source/Dirty_Jobs)*, host [Mike Rowe](/source/Mike_Rowe) helps workers maintain a crawler-transporter and takes the vehicle for a short drive.[19] The crawler was also seen in the 1995 film *[Apollo 13](/source/Apollo_13_(film))*, the 2011 film *[Transformers: Dark of the Moon](/source/Transformers%3A_Dark_of_the_Moon)* and the 2019 film *[Apollo 11](/source/Apollo_11_(2019_film))*. Similar vehicles also appeared in the 2013 film *[Pacific Rim](/source/Pacific_Rim_(film))*.

In the 2009 *[Fallout 3](/source/Fallout_3)* video game add-on pack "[Broken Steel](/source/Broken_Steel)", the US government survivors, The Enclave, have a mobile base built on and into a heavily modified crawler. In *[Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri](/source/Sid_Meier's_Alpha_Centauri)*, various units are called "crawlers" and feature chassis based on the crawler-transporters. In *[Asphalt 8: Airborne](/source/Asphalt_8%3A_Airborne)*, three crawler-transporters drive over the space center French Guiana track, despite the fact the actual space center of French Guiana doesn't use similar vehicles

## Gallery

		- Crawlerway junction at the LC-39 observation gantry. The right track leads to pad LC-39A (pictured with [Space Shuttle](/source/Space_Shuttle) [*Endeavour*](/source/Space_Shuttle_Endeavour)), while the left track leads to pad LC-39B.

		- Saturn V, [service structure](/source/Service_structure) and MLP on top of a crawler

		- Detail of crawler treads

		- [Space Shuttle](/source/Space_Shuttle) [*Atlantis*](/source/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis) (STS-79) atop an [MLP](/source/Mobile_launcher_platform) (and crawler beneath)

		- A crawler-transporter carrying [*Discovery*](/source/Space_Shuttle_Discovery) (STS-114) travels the ramp to [Launch Pad 39B](/source/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39). The vehicle's back end can be raised, keeping the Shuttle and the MLP level.

		- [Space Shuttle](/source/Space_Shuttle) [*Challenger*](/source/Space_Shuttle_Challenger) atop an MLP atop a crawler, in transit to its launch pad prior to [its final flight](/source/Space_Shuttle_Challenger_disaster) ([STS-51-L](/source/STS-51-L)), January 28, 1986

		- Crawler carrying the [Ares I-X](/source/Ares_I-X) atop an MLP

		- [Artemis 1](/source/Artemis_1) and MLP on Pad 39B (and crawler beneath).

		- Breanne Stichler, the crawler-transporter driver, behind the controls in the cab

## See also

- [List of largest machines](/source/List_of_largest_machines)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NASAsci_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NASAsci_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NASAsci_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-NASAsci_1-3) ["Crawler-Transporter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200601012639/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/facilities/crawler.html). NASA. April 21, 2003. Archived from [the original](https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/facilities/crawler.html) on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-nris_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-nris_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-nris_2-2) Staff. ["NPS Focus: 99001643"](https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/99001643). *National Register of Historic Places*. [National Park Service](/source/National_Park_Service).

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-KSC-05PD-1322_6-0)** ["KSC-05PD-1322"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080109035956/http://mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/detail.cfm?mediaid=26125). NASA. June 15, 2005. Archived from [the original](https://mediaarchive.ksc.nasa.gov/detail.cfm?mediaid=26125) on January 9, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2007.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-KSCpao_7-0)** ["Countdown! NASA Launch Vehicles and Facilities"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080109045657/http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/nasafact/count3teaf.htm). NASA. October 1991. PMS 018-B. Archived from [the original](https://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/nasafact/count3teaf.htm) on January 9, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2007.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-spotlight_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-spotlight_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-spotlight_8-2) ["Crawler Transporter"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090320065927/http://sfa.nasa.gov/MISSIONPOSTERS/spotlight/spotlightCrawler.pdf) (PDF). *Return to Flight Spotlight* (1). NASA. April 2004. Archived from [the original](https://sfa.nasa.gov/MISSIONPOSTERS/spotlight/spotlightCrawler.pdf) (PDF) on March 20, 2009.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-bbc20190626_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-bbc20190626_9-1) Hollingham, Richard (June 26, 2019). ["Apollo in 50 numbers: The rocket"](https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190626-apollo-in-50-numbers-the-rocket). BBC. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220317071533/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20190626-apollo-in-50-numbers-the-rocket) from the original on 2022-03-17. Retrieved June 27, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NSF-2012-11_10-0)** Bergin, Chris (November 24, 2012). ["All hail the Super Crawler – CT-2 put through its paces ahead of SLS"](https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/11/super-crawler-ct-2-through-paces-ahead-sls/). *NASASpaceflight.com*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220418112733/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2012/11/super-crawler-ct-2-through-paces-ahead-sls/) from the original on April 18, 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CT-2_upgrade_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CT-2_upgrade_11-1) Gebhardt, Chris; Bergin, Chris (February 23, 2016). ["CT-2 completes Super Crawler modifications for SLS program"](https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/02/ct-2-completes-super-crawler-modifications-sls/). *NASA Spaceflight*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160430040515/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/02/ct-2-completes-super-crawler-modifications-sls/) from the original on April 30, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NASA-cways_12-0)** ["Crawlerway to the Pad"](https://web.archive.org/web/20220106145248/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/facilities/crawlerway.html). NASA. October 6, 1993. Archived from [the original](https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/facilities/crawlerway.html) on January 6, 2022. Retrieved July 16, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-space20000813_13-0)** Halvorson, Todd (August 13, 2000). ["Shuttle Safe Haven Opens at Kennedy Space Center"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050920102345/http://www.space.com/news/spaceshuttles/shuttle_safehaven_000812.html). *Space.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.space.com/news/spaceshuttles/shuttle_safehaven_000812.html) on September 20, 2005.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-diesel-power_14-0)** Sands, Jason (May 17, 2007). ["NASA Diesel-Powered Shuttle Hauler - The Crawlers"](https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/0705dp-nasa-diesel-shuttle-crawler/). *MotorTrend*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220313044846/https://www.motortrend.com/reviews/0705dp-nasa-diesel-shuttle-crawler/) from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved April 1, 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-spacecom-2022025_15-0)** Wall, Mike (25 February 2022). ["NASA's Artemis 1 moon mission, 1st flight of new megarocket, won't launch until May"](https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-mission-launch-may-2022). Space.com. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220408221953/https://www.space.com/nasa-artemis-1-moon-mission-launch-may-2022) from the original on April 8, 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NASA-crawler-50_16-0)** Herridge, Linda (February 22, 2015). ["NASA's Giant Crawlers turn 50 Years Old, Pivot Toward Future Exploration"](https://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-giant-crawlers-turn-50-years-old-pivot-toward-future-exploration). NASA. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160620110128/http://www.nasa.gov/content/nasas-giant-crawlers-turn-50-years-old-pivot-toward-future-exploration/) from the original on June 20, 2016. Retrieved June 24, 2016.

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## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Crawler-transporters](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crawler-transporters).

- [28°35′17″N 80°39′19″W / 28.58808°N 80.65521°W / 28.58808; -80.65521](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Crawler-transporter&params=28.58808_N_80.65521_W_region:US-FL_type:landmark_scale:3000) - Crawler-transporter parking area at Kennedy Space Center

v t e Kennedy Space Center Facilities Payload manufacture and processing Multi-Payload Processing Facility Operations and Checkout Building Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility Space Systems Processing Facility Launch Complex 39 Crawler-transporter Crawlerway Launch Control Center Mobile launcher platform Orbiter Processing Facility Press Site Other facilities Rotation, Processing and Surge Facility Shuttle Landing Facility Vehicle Assembly Building Visitor Complex Launch sites Launch Complex 39 A B C Launch Complex 48

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v t e Apollo program List of missions canceled missions List of Apollo astronauts Launch complexes Launch Complex 34 Launch Complex 37 Launch Complex 39 A B Ground facilities Mission Control Center Cape Kennedy Air Force Station Crawler-transporter Kennedy Space Center Manned Space Flight Network Launch vehicles Little Joe II Saturn Saturn I Saturn IB Saturn V Spacecraft and rover Apollo spacecraft Command and Service Module Lunar Module Lunar Roving Vehicle Flights Uncrewed AS-101 AS-102 AS-201 AS-202 Apollo 4 Apollo 5 Apollo 6† Crewed Apollo 1† Apollo 7 Apollo 8 Apollo 9 Apollo 10 Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 13† Apollo 14 Apollo 15 Apollo 16 Apollo 17 Saturn development Saturn-Apollo 1 SA-2 SA-3 SA-4 SA-5 AS-203 Apollo 4 Apollo 6† Abort tests QTV Pad Abort Test-1 A-001 A-002 A-003 Pad Abort Test-2 A-004 Pegasus flights AS-103 AS-104 AS-105 Apollo 8 specific Earthrise Genesis reading Apollo 11 specific Command Module Columbia Lunar Module Eagle Tranquility Base "One small step" Double crater Little West crater Goodwill messages Lunar sample displays Missing tapes Anniversaries 50th Anniversary commemorative coins In popular culture Apollo 12 specific Statio Cognitum Surveyor 3 Surveyor crater Bench Crater meteorite J002E3 Moon Museum Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon Apollo 13 specific "Houston, we've had a problem" Apollo 14 specific Modular Equipment Transporter Fra Mauro formation Big Bertha Moon tree Apollo 15 specific Journey Lunar operations Solo operations Return to Earth Hadley–Apennine Fallen Astronaut Genesis Rock Great Scott Hadley Rille meteorite Seatbelt basalt Postal covers incident Apollo 16 specific Big Muley Apollo 17 specific The Blue Marble Taurus–Littrow Tracy's Rock Nansen-Apollo crater Shorty crater Lunar sample display Lunar basalt 70017 Troctolite 76535 Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment Fee, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey Post-Apollo capsule use Skylab 2 3 4 Apollo–Soyuz Training Lunar Landing Research Facility Lunar Landing Research Vehicle Lunar Landing Training Vehicle Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator Lunar Orbit and Landing Approach Rendezvous Docking Simulator Astrogeology Research Program Related "We choose to go to the Moon" Lunar orbit rendezvous Stolen and missing Moon rocks Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings Apollo insurance covers Symbol † indicates failure or partial failure

v t e Apollo program hardware Launch vehicles Little Joe II Saturn I Saturn IB Saturn V Launch vehicle components F-1 engine J-2 engine Instrument unit Launch Vehicle Digital Computer Spacecraft Apollo Apollo command module Columbia Apollo service module Apollo Lunar Module Eagle Spacecraft components Apollo Abort Guidance System Apollo Docking Mechanism Apollo Guidance Computer Lunar Sounder Experiment Primary guidance, navigation, and control system Apollo Telescope Mount Apollo TV camera Descent propulsion system Ascent propulsion system Scimitar antenna Space suits Apollo/Skylab A7L Beta cloth Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment Lunar surface equipment Portable Life Support System Lunar Roving Vehicle Lunar Laser Ranging experiment list of retroreflectors Solar Wind Composition Experiment Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package Active Seismic Experiment Apollo 12 Passive Seismic Experiment Apollo 14 Passive Seismic Experiment Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites Experiment Solar Wind Spectrometer Experiment Modular Equipment Transporter Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment Lunar Surface Gravimeter Lunar Surface Magnetometer Lunar Traverse Gravimeter Cold Cathode Gauge Experiment Heat Flow Experiment Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment Ground support Mobile Launcher Launch Umbilical Tower Crawler-transporter Lunar Landing Research Vehicle Mobile quarantine facility Ceremonial Lunar plaque Lunar Flag Assembly Fallen Astronaut Apollo 11 goodwill messages Related Biological Cosmic Ray Experiment Lunar escape systems Rendezvous Docking Simulator Moon Museum Category:Apollo program hardware

v t e Skylab Flights Skylab 1 (uncrewed) Skylab 2 Skylab 3 Skylab 4 Astronauts Skylab 2 Pete Conrad (Commander) Joseph Kerwin (Science Pilot) Paul Weitz (Pilot) Skylab 3 Alan Bean (Commander) Owen Garriott (Science Pilot) Jack Lousma (Pilot) Skylab 4 Gerald Carr (Commander) Edward Gibson (Science Pilot) William Pogue (Pilot) Contingencies Skylab B Teleoperator Retrieval System Skylab Rescue (not flown) Skylab 5 Skylab Rescue Vance D. Brand (Commander) Don L. Lind (Pilot) People William C. Schneider (Program director) Jack Kinzler (Parasol fix designer) Raymond Loewy (Habitability consultant) Related Apollo Applications Program Apollo command and service module Apollo/Skylab spacesuit Beta cloth Thermal Micrometeoroid Garment Apollo Telescope Mount Crawler-transporter Manned Space Flight Network Mission Control Center Skylab 4 human factors Skylab Medical Experiment Altitude Test (SMEAT) Wet workshop Searching for Skylab (2019 documentary)

v t e Space Shuttle program Space Shuttle List of missions List of crews Components Orbiter Solid Rocket Booster External tank Main engine Orbital Maneuvering System Reaction control system Thermal protection system Booster separation motor Orbiters Enterprise Columbia Challenger Discovery Atlantis Endeavour Add-ons Spacelab (ESA) Canadarm (CSA) Extended Duration Orbiter Remote Controlled Orbiter Spacehab Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Sites Launch Complex 39 A B Space Launch Complex 6 Landing sites Shuttle Landing Facility Abort landing sites Operations and training Missions (canceled) Crews Mission timeline Mission Control Center Rollbacks Abort modes Rendezvous pitch maneuver Shuttle Mission Simulator Shuttle Training Aircraft Testing Inspiration (design) Pathfinder (simulator) MPTA (engine test article) Approach and Landing Tests Disasters Challenger disaster (report) Columbia disaster (report) Support Crawler-transporter Mate-Demate Device Mobile Launcher Platform NASA recovery ship Orbiter Processing Facility Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) Shuttle Carrier Aircraft flights Shuttle Training Aircraft STS-3xx Special Deutschland-1 Getaway Special Journalist in Space Project Teacher in Space Project Shuttle-Mir Hitchhiker Space suits Extravehicular Mobility Unit Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit Launch Entry Suit Advanced Crew Escape Suit Experiments Freestar experiments Inflatable Antenna Experiment Spartan Packet Radio Experiment Shuttle pallet satellite Wake Shield Facility Derivatives Saturn-Shuttle Magnum Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Jupiter Shuttle-C Shuttle-Centaur Ares I IV V Liberty Space Launch System OmegA Replicas Independence Related Space Shuttle design process studied designs Inertial Upper Stage Payload Assist Module International Space Station Criticism Retirement Conroy Virtus Hail Columbia (1982 documentary) The Dream Is Alive (1985 documentary) Challenger (1990 film) Destiny in Space (1994 documentary) Columbia: The Tragic Loss (2004 documentary) Hubble (2010 documentary) The Challenger Disaster (2013 film) Challenger: The Final Flight (2020 documentary miniseries) Space Shuttle America Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation Space Shuttle Project Shuttle Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space Space Shuttle Mission 2007 Orbiter Space Flight Simulator When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions

v t e Constellation program List of missions Test flights MLAS (Jul 2009) Ares I-X (Oct 2009) Launch vehicles Ares I Ares IV Ares V Lite Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Jupiter Spacecraft Crew Exploration Vehicle Orion Altair Launch sites Launch Complex 39 A B Ground facilities Kennedy Space Center Mission Control Center Abort systems Orion abort modes Launch Abort System (LAS) Max Launch Abort System (MLAS) Related topics Vision for Space Exploration Exploration Systems Architecture Study DIRECT Constellation Space Suit NASA Authorization Act of 2005 Augustine Commission Artemis program Category Commons

v t e Artemis program List of missions List of astronauts Artemis missions Uncrewed Artemis I (Nov 2022) Crewed Artemis II (April 2026) Planned crewed Artemis III (2027) Artemis IV (2028) Artemis V (2028) CLPS missions Past Peregrine† (Jan 2024) IM-1† (Feb 2024) Blue Ghost M1 (Jan 2025) IM-2† (Feb 2025) Planned Griffin M1 (Jul 2026) IM-3 (late 2026) Blue Ghost M2 (late 2026) Blue Moon Pathfinder M1 (late 2026) Blue Moon Pathfinder M2 (late 2027) Support programs Commercial Lunar Payload Services Exploration Ground Systems Agencies NASA Australian Space Agency Canadian Space Agency European Space Agency German Aerospace Center Italian Space Agency Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Korea Aerospace Research Institute National Space Activities Commission of Argentina Saudi Space Agency Facilities Cape Canaveral SLC-37B SLC-40 SLC-41 Kennedy LC-39A LC-39B Mission Control SpaceX Starbase Vandenberg SLC-3E SLC-4E Rockets Electron Falcon 9 New Glenn Space Launch System Starship Vulcan Centaur Photographs Hello, World Earthset Crewed spacecraft Human Landing System Starship HLS Blue Moon Lunar Cruiser Lunar Terrain Vehicle CLV-1 Pegasus Orion European Service Module Robotic spacecraft Argonaut Blue Ghost CAPSTONE Nova-C Cancelled projects Asteroid Redirect Mission Lunar Gateway Gateway Logistics Services Related Handheld Universal Lunar Camera † - mission failed Category Commons

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Crawler-transporter](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawler-transporter) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawler-transporter?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.