# Crambe crambe

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{{Short description|Species of sponge}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Crambeidae - Crambe crambe.JPG
| image_caption = ''Crambe crambe'' from [Elba](/source/Elba)
| genus = Crambe (sponge)
| species = crambe
| authority =([Schmidt](/source/Eduard_Oscar_Schmidt), 1862)
| synonyms = {{hidden begin|title = List}}
* ''Clathria labyrinthica'' (<small>Schmidt, 1864)</small> 
* ''Crambe ambigua'' <small>(Sarà, 1960)</small>
* ''Desmacidon harpago'' <small>Vosmaer, 1880</small>
* ''Dictyonella labyrinthica'' <small>(Schmidt, 1864)</small>
* ''Haliclona labyrinthica'' <small>(Schmidt, 1864)</small>
* ''Hemimycale ambigua'' <small>Sarà, 1960</small>
* ''Hemimycale brevicuspis'' <small>(Topsent, 1892)</small>
* ''Plicatella labyrinthica'' <small>(Schmidt, 1864)</small>
* ''Reniera labyrinthica'' <small>Schmidt, 1864</small> 
* ''Stylinos brevicuspis'' <small>Topsent, 1892</small>
* ''Suberites arcicola'' <small>Schmidt, 1862</small> 
* ''Suberites crambe'' <small>Schmidt, 1862</small>
* ''Suberites fruticosus'' <small>Schmidt, 1862</small> 
* ''Tetranthella fruticosa'' <small>(Schmidt, 1862)</small>
{{hidden end}}
}}

'''''Crambe crambe''''', commonly known as the '''oyster sponge''' or '''orange-red encrusting sponge''', is a species of [demosponge](/source/demosponge)s belonging to the family [Crambeidae](/source/Crambeidae).<ref>[http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=133445  WoRMS]</ref><ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/details/species/id/5982911 Catalogue of life]</ref>

==Description==
The colonies of ''Crambe crambe'' form thin orange to orange-red plates, rarely lobed, with a very rough surface perforated by raised [oscula](/source/Osculum) found along the exhaling channels. These colonies can cover a surface of 1 m<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=AA/><ref>Lawson Wood [https://books.google.com/books?id=Zm1YCgAAQBAJ&dq=crambe+crambe+oscula&pg=PA36 Sea Fishes Of The Mediterranean Including Marine Invertebrates]</ref>

==Biology==
''Crambe crambe'' feeds by filtering bacteria, microorganisms and single-celled algae. This species is hermaphrodite. Larvae are planktonic. These demosponges often cover the shell of live shellfish (''[Arca noae](/source/Arca_noae)'', ''[Spondylus](/source/Spondylus)'' and various sedentary bivalves). ''[Eupolymnia nebulosa](/source/Eupolymnia_nebulosa)'' sometimes hides itself on these sponges.<ref name=AA/>

==Distribution==
This species is endemic to the Mediterranean, but it is also present in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the English Channel and in the North Sea.<ref name=AA>[http://doris.ffessm.fr/Especes/Crambe-crambe-Eponge-encroutante-orange-rouge-112 Doris - Données d'Observations pour la Reconnaissance et l'Identification de la faune et la flore Subaquatiques]</ref><ref>S. Duran, M. Pascual, X. Turon [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00227-003-1178-5#/page-1 Low levels of genetic variation in mtDNA sequences over the western Mediterranean and Atlantic range of the sponge Crambe crambe (Poecilosclerida)]</ref><ref>Duran S, Giribet G, Turon X. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14653793 Phylogeographical history of the sponge Crambe crambe (Porifera, Poecilosclerida): range expansion and recent invasion of the Macaronesian islands from the Mediterranean Sea]</ref>

==Habitat==
''Crambe crambe'' commonly occurs in well-lit waters on hard substrate at depths of 5 to 30 m.<ref name=AA/>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="240" heights="180">
File:Arca noae in Banuyls.jpg|''[Arca noae](/source/Arca_noae)'' coveded by ''Crambe crambe''
File:Eupolymnia nebulosa & Crambe crambe.jpg|''[Eupolymnia nebulosa](/source/Eupolymnia_nebulosa)'' on ''Crambe crambe''
File:Esponja roja (Crambe crambe), Regga, Gozo, Malta, 2021-08-23, DD 04.jpg|''Crambe crambe''
</gallery>

==Bibliography==
* Babiç, K. 1922. Monactinellida und Tetractinellida des Adriatischen Meeres. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 46(2): 217-302, pls 8-9.
* Barnes D.K.A.; Bell, J.J. (2002) Coastal sponge communities of the West Indian Ocean: taxonomic affinities, richness and diversity., Afr. J. Ecol. 40: 337-349
* Burton, M. (1956) The sponges of West Africa., Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945-1946, Copenhagen) 4: 111-147.
* Lendenfeld, R. Von (1894) Die Tetractinelliden der Adria. (Mit einem Anhange über die Lithistiden)., Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademieder Wissenschaften.Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaften Klasse 61: 91-204, pls I-VIII.
* {{cite journal |last1=Ben Mustapha |first1=K. |last2=Zarrouk |first2=S. |last3=Souissi |first3=A. |last4=El Abed |first4=A. |title=Diversité des demosponges tunisiennes |journal=Bull. Inst. Natn. Scien. Tech. Mer de Salanmbo |date=2003 |volume=30 |hdl=1834/1077 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1077 |language=fr |issn=0330-0080}}
* Pansini, M. (1987) Littoral demosponges from the banks of the Strait of Sicily and the Alboran Sea.,
* Sarà, M. (1960) Poriferi del litorale dell’isola d’lschia e loro ripartizioneper ambienti., Pubblicazioni della Stazione zoologica di Napoli 31(3):421-472, pls XII-XIII.
* Sarà, M.; Siribelli, L. (1960) La fauna di Poriferi delle ‘secche’ del Golfo di Napoli. 1. La ‘secca’ della Gaiola., Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell’Università di Napoli 12(3): 1-93.
* Schmidt, O. (1862) Die Spongien des adriatischen Meeres., (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-viii, 1-88, pls 1-7.
* Schmidt, O. (1864) Supplement der Spongien des adriatischen Meeres. Enthaltend die Histologie und systematische Ergänzungen., (Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig): i-vi, 1-48, pls 1-4.
* Topsent, E. (1892) Diagnoses d’éponges nouvelles de la Méditerranée et plus particulièrement de Banyuls., Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale (2) 10 (Notes et Revue 6) xvii-xxviii.
* Van Soest, R.W.M. (1990) Monanchora stocki n. sp. (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) from the Mid-Atlantic Islands., Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 60 (3-4): 249-255
* Van Soest, R.W.M. (2001) Porifera, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001)., European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50:
* Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002) Family Crambeidae Lévi, 1963.
* Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1880) The Sponges of the Leyden Museum. 1. The family of the Desmacidinae., Notes from the Leyden Museum 2: 99-164.

==References==
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1883674}}

Category:Poecilosclerida
Category:Taxa named by Eduard Oscar Schmidt
Category:Sponges described in 1862

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Crambe crambe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crambe_crambe) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crambe_crambe?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.