# Cowans Gap State Park

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State park in Pennsylvania, United States

Not to be confused with [Cowan Lake State Park](/source/Cowan_Lake_State_Park).

Cowans Gap State Park A snow-covered bridge at Cowans Gap State Park Interactive map of Cowans Gap State Park Location Fulton and Franklin counties, Pennsylvania, United States Coordinates 39°59′41″N 77°55′30″W / 39.99478°N 77.9249°W / 39.99478; -77.9249[1] Area 1,085 acres (439 ha)[1] Elevation 1,204 feet (367 m) Established 1937 Administrator Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Named for John and Mary Cowan Website Official website Cowans Gap State Park Cowans Gap State Park Location in Pennsylvania Show map of Pennsylvania Cowans Gap State Park Cowans Gap State Park (the United States) Show map of the United States Pennsylvania State Parks

**Cowans Gap State Park** is a 1,085-acre (439 ha) [Pennsylvania state park](/source/List_of_Pennsylvania_state_parks) in [Todd Township](/source/Todd_Township%2C_Fulton_County%2C_Pennsylvania), [Fulton County](/source/Fulton_County%2C_Pennsylvania) and [Metal Township](/source/Metal_Township%2C_Pennsylvania), [Franklin County](/source/Franklin_County%2C_Pennsylvania), [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania) in the United States. The park is largely surrounded by [Buchanan State Forest](/source/Buchanan_State_Forest) in Allens Valley just off [Pennsylvania Route 75](/source/Pennsylvania_Route_75) near [Fort Loudon](/source/Fort_Loudon%2C_Pennsylvania).

## History

### French and Indian War

The history of Cowans Gap State Park stretches back to the [French and Indian War](/source/French_and_Indian_War). At the time the Cowans Gap was on the western frontier of the [Thirteen Colonies](/source/Thirteen_Colonies). The land to the west was held by the [French](/source/New_France) and their [Native American](/source/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States) allies the [Algonquians](/source/Algonquian_peoples) and [Huron](/source/Wyandot_people). The French and British fought for control of the [Ohio River Valley](/source/Ohio_River_Valley), including the area surrounding [Pittsburgh](/source/Pittsburgh%2C_Pennsylvania). British Major General [Edward Braddock](/source/Edward_Braddock) led an expedition through southwestern Pennsylvania in 1755. His men built [Braddock's Road](/source/Braddock's_Road) from [Cumberland, Maryland](/source/Cumberland%2C_Maryland) to present-day North Braddock. At the same time, Braddock's subordinate, Colonel [James Burd](/source/James_Burd) was building [Burd's Road](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Burd%27s_Road&action=edit&redlink=1) from [Shippensburg](/source/Shippensburg%2C_Pennsylvania) to connect with Braddock's Road. Burd's road, built as a supply line, passed through Cowans Gap but was never completed due to Braddock's defeat at the Monongahela. The road ended just past [Berlin](/source/Berlin%2C_Pennsylvania).[1] The British again tried to gain control of the Ohio River Valley in 1758, this time under the leadership of General [John Forbes](/source/John_Forbes_(British_Army_officer)), whose second-in-command was Lieutenant Colonel [Henry Bouquet](/source/Henry_Bouquet) (Forbes' aide was Colonel [George Washington](/source/George_Washington)). They picked up where Burd's Road left off, built the [Forbes Road](/source/Forbes_Road) and ultimately drove the French and their Indian allies out of Western Pennsylvania. Colonel Bouquet used the Forbes Road one more time in 1763 to break the [siege](/source/Siege) of [Fort Pitt](/source/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania)) during [Pontiac's Rebellion](/source/Pontiac's_Rebellion).[1]

### The Cowan Homestead

Cowans Gap is named for John and Mary Cowan, who settled there just after the [American Revolution](/source/American_Revolution). The Cowans met in [Boston](/source/Boston%2C_Massachusetts) in 1775. John Samuel Cowan was from a [Loyalist](/source/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)) family and Mary Mueller was from a [Patriot](/source/Patriot_(American_Revolution)) family. Cowan reached the rank of [Major](/source/Major_(rank)) in the British Army during the war, and returned to Boston at the conclusion of the war to ask for Mary's hand in [marriage](/source/Marriage). The Mueller family forbade the marriage and John and Mary [eloped](/source/Elope). At first they settled in [Chambersburg](/source/Chambersburg%2C_Pennsylvania), where they lived for a few years before heading out for [Kentucky](/source/Kentucky). Their wagon was disabled while crossing [Conococheague Creek](/source/Conococheague_Creek) near [Fort Loudoun](/source/Fort_Loudoun_(Pennsylvania)), so John Cowan traded his [horses](/source/Horse) and broken wagon to a [Tuscarora](/source/Tuscarora_(tribe)) [chief](/source/Tribal_chief) for the land that is now known at Cowans Gap. Cowan received a [smoking pipe](/source/Smoking_pipe) and [tomahawk rights](/source/Cabin_rights), which entailed marking a large [chestnut](/source/Chestnut) tree on his property with three slashes, as a sign of peace with the Tuscarora. John Cowan secured a deed for the land from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 1785. The Cowans built their home along Forbes Road near the present day intersection of Aughwick Road and Stumpy Lane.[1]

### Deforestation

The [old-growth forests](/source/Old-growth_forest) in and surrounding Cowans Gap State Park were clear cut during the late 18th and early 19th centuries to meet the need for [charcoal](/source/Charcoal) at nearby Mount Pleasant [iron furnace](/source/Bloomery). [Colliers](/source/Charcoal_maker) harvested the stands of [white pine](/source/Eastern_white_pine), [hemlock](/source/Tsuga), and [hardwoods](/source/Hardwood), and made charcoal by stacking timber around large hearths. The hearths were fired by the collier, who tended them for 10 to 14 days until the charcoal was ready. The forests regrew until 1865 when another iron furnace, Richmond Furnace, was built. Once again the timber was harvested and turned into charcoal. The Richmond Furnace was in operation until 1885. The trees that were not cut down for charcoal were ultimately felled by a [lumbering](/source/Lumber) operation owned by Harrison Kalbach of [Lebanon](/source/Lebanon%2C_Pennsylvania). He bought 4,800 acres (1,900 ha) of woodland that was stripped of all its trees by 1907. The land was left largely barren, covered mostly with dried out tree tops that were burnt to ashes in massive wild fires that were set off by sparks from passing [steam locomotives](/source/Steam_locomotive). An immense reforestation effort, led by the young men of the [Civilian Conservation Corps](/source/Civilian_Conservation_Corps), began in earnest during the [Great Depression](/source/Great_Depression).[1]

### Civilian Conservation Corps

The [Civilian Conservation Corps](/source/Civilian_Conservation_Corps) created by President [Franklin D. Roosevelt](/source/Franklin_D._Roosevelt) during the Great Depression, provided work for the unemployed from throughout the United States. A CCC camp, Richmond Furnace Camp PA-SP-54, was built at the site of Cowans Gap State Park. At first the young men lived in [tents](/source/Tent), but they soon built [cabins](/source/Log_cabin) (which are still in use at the park). The young men of the CCC also planted thousands of acres of new trees, built four bridges, 30 miles (48 km) of state roads, 32 miles (51 km) of fire trails, and 11 miles (18 km) of telephone lines. In addition, the CCC also cleared the forests and streams of brush, built [pavilions](/source/Pavilion), and constructed the [dam](/source/Dam) that created [Cowans Gap Lake](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cowans_Gap_Lake&action=edit&redlink=1). The park opened to the public in 1937.[1]

## Recreation

View of the lake from the dam

Cowans Gap State Park is open for year-round [recreation](/source/Recreation). It has extensive [picnic](/source/Picnic) facilities that surround much of Cowans Gap Lake. The park is also open to hiking, cross country skiing, hunting, fishing, [ice fishing](/source/Ice_fishing), [ice skating](/source/Ice_skating), and boating.[1]

### Trails

Cowans Gap State Park has 13 miles (21 km) of trails open year-round to [hiking](/source/Hiking) and in some places [cross-country skiing](/source/Cross-country_skiing).[2]

- **Cameron Trail** (0.5 miles (800 m)) is a "difficult" trail on the southern boundary of the park that ends atop [Cove Mountain](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cove_Mountain_(Fulton_County,_Pennsylvania)&action=edit&redlink=1).[2]

- **Geyer Trail** (0.5 miles (800 m)) is a "difficult" trail. It begins at Aughwick Road near the [dam](/source/Dam) on Cowans Gap Lake and ascends [Tuscarora Mountain](/source/Tuscarora_Mountain), passing through patches of [mountain laurel](/source/Kalmia_latifolia) before it connects with [Tuscarora Trail](/source/Tuscarora_Trail).[2]

- **Logging Road Trail** (1.7 miles (2.7 km)) is an "easy" trail. This trail passes around the base of Cove Mountain and connects with many of the other trails in the park. Logging Road Trail is especially popular with cross country skiers and can be reached from Parking Lot #7 by using Ski Trail.[2]

- **Horseshoe Trail** (0.6 miles (970 m)) is a "very difficult" trail. This trail is very steep and is for experienced hikers only. Horseshoe Trail passes over loose stone on steep slopes as it ascends Cove Mountain and ends at Knobsville Road Trail.[2]

- **Knobsville Road Trail** (1.3 miles (2.1 km)) is a "moderate" trail. It follows an old road constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps and also ascends Cove Mountain. It passes by a [landslide](/source/Landslide) exhibit, an old [incinerator](/source/Incinerator) that was built and used by the CCC, and provides access to the park overlook. The trail intersects with Horseshoe Trail before it ends in Buchanan State Forest.[2]

- **One Mile Trail** is not one mile (1.6 km), but rather only a 0.4-mile (640 m) "easy" trail. One Mile Trail gets its name because it is one mile (1.6 km) from Parking Lot #3 on Aughwick Road.[2]

- **Plessinger Trail** (1.1 miles (1.8 km)) is a "moderate" difficulty trail. Is a rocky trail that follows the banks of [Little Aughwick Creek](/source/Little_Aughwick_Creek), providing excellent access to the creek for fishermen.[2]

- **Ski Trail** (0.2 miles (320 m)) is an "easy" spur trail that connects Parking Lot #7 with Logging Road Trail.[2]

- **Three Mile Trail** is 1.1 miles (1.8 km) long, not three miles (5 km); it is a "moderate" trail. It is three miles (5 km) down Aughwick Road from Parking Lot #3. Three Mile Trail passes through patches of mountain laurel along the side of Tuscarora Mountain.[2]

- **[Tuscarora Trail](/source/Tuscarora_Trail)** is a spur trail to the [Appalachian Trail](/source/Appalachian_Trail). It passes through Cowans Gap State Park for 2 miles (3.2 km).[2]

- **[Forbes Trail](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forbes_Trail&action=edit&redlink=1)** is a [backpacking](/source/Backpacking_(wilderness)) trail that passes through much of southern Pennsylvania. The trailheads are near Carlisle in the east and Pittsburgh in the west. Forbes Trail passes through Cowans Gap State Park, but is not primarily used by park visitors, but rather by backpackers who are passing through.[2]

### Cowans Gap Lake

Cowans Gap Lake in the winter

Cowans Gap Lake (42 acres (17 ha)) was created by the Civilian Conservation Corps during the Great Depression by damming [Little Aughwick Creek](/source/Little_Aughwick_Creek). The lake is open for recreational [fishing](/source/Fishing), [swimming](/source/Human_swimming) and [boating](/source/Boating), as well as ice skating and ice fishing at Cowans Gap State Park. Visitors are asked to use caution in winter as the thickness of the ice is not monitored by the park staff (except in the ice skating area located near the beach).[1]

Fishermen visit the lake in pursuit of [trout](/source/Trout), [bass](/source/Bass_(fish)), [panfish](/source/Panfish) and [perch](/source/Perch). Little Aughwick Creek is a trout fishery. All anglers are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the [Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission](/source/Pennsylvania_Fish_and_Boat_Commission).[1]

Beginning in 2008 lifeguards will not be posted at the beach.[3] The beach is open from 11:00 am until 7:00 pm. A food concession at the beach sells [pizza](/source/Pizza), [funnel cake](/source/Funnel_cake), [french fries](/source/French_fries), soft serve [ice cream](/source/Ice_cream), [soft drinks](/source/Soft_drinks) and many other snacks.[1]

Gas powered boats are prohibited on Cowans Gap Lake. Electric powered and non-powered boats must have a current registration with any state. A concession at the lake is open during the summer months for the renting of [row](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Row_boats&action=edit&redlink=1) and paddle boats.[1]

### Hunting

There are about 630 acres (250 ha) of woods open to hunting at Cowans Gap State Park. Hunters are expected to follow the rules and regulations of the [Pennsylvania Game Commission](/source/Pennsylvania_Game_Commission). The common game species are [squirrels](/source/Eastern_Grey_Squirrel), [white-tailed deer](/source/White-tailed_deer), and [turkeys](/source/Wild_turkey). The hunting of [groundhogs](/source/Groundhog) is prohibited. Hunters may access the adjoining [Buchanan State Forest](/source/Buchanan_State_Forest) by using the parking lots at Cowans Gap State Park and hiking in on the trails.

## Staying overnight

### Camping

The [campground](/source/Campground) at Cowans Gap State Park opens in mid April at the beginning of trout season and closes in mid December at the conclusion of deer season. The campground has 224 sites, in two areas, that have enough room for any camping equipment from a tent to a large [RV](/source/RV). The area has modern restrooms with flush [toilets](/source/Toilet) and hot showers. A large area within the campground is reserved for large group camping such as the [Boy Scouts](/source/Scouting_in_Pennsylvania).

### Cabins

There are 10 rustic [cabins](/source/Cottage#Cottages_in_Canada_and_the_U.S.) built during the Great Depression by the CCC. These cabins have three rooms with a four-person overnight capacity. They are equipped with a refrigerator, stove, fireplace and two [bunk beds](/source/Bunk_bed), but no indoor plumbing. A centrally located modern restroom with hot showers is nearby.[4]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-cgsp_1-11) ["Cowans Gap State Park"](https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-parks/find-a-park/cowans-gap-state-park). Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved December 28, 2025.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-cgsptrails_2-11) ["Cowans Gap State Park: Hiking"](https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-parks/find-a-park/cowans-gap-state-park/hiking). Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Retrieved December 28, 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Pa. state parks going without life guards at beaches in 2008"](https://web.archive.org/web/20081007235840/http://www.timesleader.com/news/ap?articleID=384046). [Times Leader](/source/Times_Leader). Archived from [the original](http://www.timesleader.com/news/ap?articleID=384046) on October 7, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-nrhpdoc_4-0)** John Milner Assocs. (October 1986). [National Register of Historic Places Registration: Pennsylvania MPS Cowans Gap State Park Family Cabin District](https://catalog.archives.gov/id/71992971). National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved December 21, 2025. (Downloading may be slow.)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Cowans Gap State Park](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cowans_Gap_State_Park).

- [Pennsylvania portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Pennsylvania)

- [Cowans Gap State Park](https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dcnr/recreation/where-to-go/state-parks/find-a-park/cowans-gap-state-park) Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources

- ["Cowans Gap State Park official map"](https://elibrary.dcnr.pa.gov/GetDocument?docId=1737695&DocName=COWA_ParkMap.pdf) (PDF). (635 KB)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cowans Gap State Park](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowans_Gap_State_Park) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowans_Gap_State_Park?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.