# Cossinia

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For the plebeian family, see [Cossinia (gens)](/source/Cossinia_(gens)).

***Cossinia*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of four species of [rainforest](/source/Rainforest) trees, constituting part of the plant family [Sapindaceae](/source/Sapindaceae).[2] The genus has a disjunct distribution, occurring in [Mascarene Islands](/source/Mascarene_Islands), Australia, [New Caledonia](/source/New_Caledonia) and [Fiji](/source/Fiji).[1][2][3][4][5]

They grow naturally in rainforests, including seasonally drought–prone rainforests, and associated non–fire–adapted vegetation types.

*Cossinia trifoliata* trees, endemic to New Caledonia, have become vulnerable to global extinction according to the [International Union for Conservation of Nature](/source/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature) (IUCN)'s 1998 assessment.[6]

*Cossinia australiana* trees, endemic to restricted habitat areas of central-eastern and southeastern [Queensland](/source/Queensland), Australia, have the official national and Queensland state governments' "endangered" conservation status.[7][8] Within their known endemic region the trees grow naturally in habitats which have historically had their native vegetation extensively destroyed and as of 2013 have been further threatened.[3][5][7][9]

## Naming and classification

The genus was first described in 1786 by [Jean-Baptiste Lamarck](/source/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck) in *[Encyclopédie Méthodique](/source/Encyclop%C3%A9die_M%C3%A9thodique): Botanique*. The publication includes descriptions of the species *Cossinia pinnata* and *C. triphylla*, named earlier by [Philibert Commerson](/source/Philibert_Commerson).[1][2][3]

In 1982 Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds formally described the new species name *Cossinia australiana*, recognised that *C. triphylla* is a synonym of *C. pinnata* and updated [Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer's](/source/Ludwig_Adolph_Timotheus_Radlkofer) species identification key to include all four currently accepted species.[3]

## Species

- *[Cossinia australiana](/source/Cossinia_australiana)* – central–eastern to southeastern Queensland endemic, Australia[3][9]
- *[Cossinia pacifica](/source/Cossinia_pacifica)* – Fiji endemic[10][11]
- *[Cossinia pinnata](/source/Cossinia_pinnata)* , syn.: *C. triphylla* – [Réunion](/source/R%C3%A9union) and [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius) –Mascarene Islands endemic (Indian Ocean)[1]
- *[Cossinia trifoliata](/source/Cossinia_trifoliata)* , syn.: *Melicopsidium trifoliatum* – New Caledonia endemic[4] – Vulnerable[6]

## References

1. Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste & Poiret, Jean Louis Marie (1786). ["Cossinia"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33447110). *[Encyclopédie Méthodique](/source/Encyclop%C3%A9die_M%C3%A9thodique): Botanique (1783–1808)* (in French). Vol. 2, no. 1. Paris, Liège: Panckoucke; Plomteux. p. 132. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.

1. ["*Cossinia*%"](http://www.anbg.gov.au/cgi-bin/apni?TAXON_NAME=Cossinia%25) (listing by % wildcard matching of all taxa relevant to Australia). *[Australian Plant Name Index](/source/Australian_Plant_Name_Index) (APNI), Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS) database*. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.

1. Reynolds, Sally T. (1982). "Notes on Sapindaceae in Australia, II". *Austrobaileya*. **1** (5): 488–492. [JSTOR 41738633](https://www.jstor.org/stable/41738633)

1. Morat, P.; Jaffré, T.; Tronchet, F.; Munzinger, J.; Pillon, Y.; Veillon, J.-M.; Chalopin, M. (27 May 2014 [Dec 2012–]). ["The taxonomic database "Florical" and characteristics of the indigenous Flora of New Caledonia"](http://www.botanique.nc/images/pdf/Florical%2027_V_2014.pdf). *Adansonia*. **34** (2): 177–219. sér. 3. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193901/http://www.botanique.nc/images/pdf/Florical%2027_V_2014.pdf) 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 8 Dec 2014.

1. Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). ["*Cossinia* Comm. ex Lam."](http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48877). *Flora of Australia: Volume 25—Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae*. Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-644-03724-2.

1. Jaffré, T. (1998). "*Cossinia trifoliata*". Vol. 1998. [doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31146A9609454.en](https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T31146A9609454.en). Retrieved 12 November 2021.

1. Queensland Government (27 Sep 2013). ["Nature Conservation (Wildlife) Regulation 2006"](http://www.legislation.qld.gov.au/LEGISLTN/CURRENT/N/NatureConWiR06.pdf). *Nature Conservation Act 1992*. Online, accessed from www.legislation.qld.gov.au. p. 33. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.

1. Reynolds, Sally T. (1985). ["*Cossinia australiana* S.T.Reynolds"](http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48878). *Flora of Australia: Volume 25—Melianthaceae to Simaroubaceae*. Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-644-03724-2. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094157/http://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/online-resources/flora/stddisplay.xsql?pnid=48878) 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-12-18.

1. Smith, Albert C. (15 July 1950). ["Studies of Pacific plants VII"](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8373168). *Journal of the Arnold Arboretum*. **31** (3): 288–319. [doi:10.5962/p.333928](https://doi.org/10.5962/p.333928). Retrieved 3 Jan 2014. See pp. 300–302, [Cossignia pacifica*sp. nov.*](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8373180).

1. Smith, Albert C. (1985). ["*Cossignia* Commerson ex Lam.; *Cossignia pacifica* A.C.Sm."](https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/30325394). *Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji*. Vol. 3. Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden. pp. 613–615. Retrieved 17 Dec 2013.

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