# Cosmo Oil Company
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{{Short description|Japanese petrochemical company}}
{{Expand Japanese| コスモ石油|date=November 2025}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd.
| native_name = コスモ石油株式会社
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = Kosumo Sekiyu kabushiki gaisha
| logo = Cosmo Oil company logo.svg
| logo_size = 260px
| image = TODA BUILDING.jpg
| image_size = 200px
| image_caption = Headquarters in [Chūō, Tokyo](/source/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D%2C_Tokyo)
| type = [Subsidiary](/source/Subsidiary) [KK](/source/Kabushiki_gaisha)
| predecessor = {{ubl|Maruzen Petrochemical|Cosmo Oil (original)}}
| traded_as = {{TYO was|5007}}
| foundation ={{ubl|{{Start date and age|1939|09|04}} (company)|{{Start date and age|1986|04|01}} (brand)}}
| location = [Kyobashi](/source/Ky%C5%8Dbashi%2C_Tokyo)
| location_city = [Chūō, Tokyo](/source/Ch%C5%AB%C5%8D%2C_Tokyo)
| location_country = Japan
| key_people = Yaichi Kimura
([Chairman](/source/Chairman))
Keizo Morikawa
([President](/source/President_(corporate_title)) and [CEO](/source/Chief_executive_officer))
| industry = [Oil and gas](/source/Petroleum_industry)
| products = {{hlist |[Petroleum](/source/Petroleum) |[Natural gas](/source/Natural_gas)}} {{hlist|[Motor fuel](/source/Motor_fuel)s |[Aviation fuel](/source/Aviation_fuel)s}} {{hlist|[Petrochemical](/source/Petrochemical)s |[Wind power generation](/source/Wind_power)}}
| services = [Filling station](/source/Filling_station)s
| revenue = {{increase}} [JPY](/source/Japanese_yen) 3,537 billion ([FY](/source/Fiscal_year) 2013)
([US$](/source/United_States_dollar) 34.3 billion) (FY 2013)
| net_income = {{increase}} JPY 4.34 billion (FY 2013)
(US$ 42.1 million) (FY 2013)
| num_employees = 1,837 (consolidated, as of March 31, 2014)
| owner = {{ill|Cosmo Energy Holdings|ja|コスモエネルギーホールディングス}}
| homepage = {{Official website|http://www.cosmo-energy.co.jp/}}
| footnotes = [{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmo-oil.co.jp/eng/company/overview.html |title=Company Profile |publisher=Cosmo Oil |access-date=28 March 2015}}]
}}
{{nihongo|'''Cosmo Oil Company, Limited'''|コスモ石油株式会社|Kosumo Sekiyu kabushiki gaisha}} is a Japanese [petrochemical](/source/petrochemical) company. It is Japan's third-biggest refiner by sales after [Eneos](/source/Eneos) and [Idemitsu Kosan](/source/Idemitsu_Kosan).[{{cite news |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL4N0VF3ZY20150205 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402135303/http://af.reuters.com/article/energyOilNews/idAFL4N0VF3ZY20150205 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 April 2015 |title=Japan's Cosmo Oil to set up holding firm in Oct |last1=Tsukimori |first1=Osamu |editor1-last=Sheldrick |editor1-first=Aaron |editor2-last=Nair |editor2-first=Sunil |work=Reuters Africa |date=5 February 2015 |publisher=[Thomson Reuters](/source/Thomson_Reuters) |access-date=28 March 2015}}]
==History==
Cosmo in Japan traces its corporate roots to '''Maruzen Petroleum''' (丸善石油株式会社), a company established in 1931, although the oil business operated by Maruzen was originally established by Zenzo Matsumura in [Kobe](/source/Kobe) in 1907.
Cosmo Oil Company was formed on April 1, 1986, through the merger of Maruzen Petroleum and Daikyo Petroleum, a group of oil businesses based in [Niigata Prefecture](/source/Niigata_Prefecture), which merged in 1939.
A major fire occurred at the Cosmo refinery in Ichihara, as a result of the [2011 Tōhoku earthquake](/source/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami).[{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8375497/Japan-earthquake-causes-oil-refinery-inferno.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110313123422/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8375497/Japan-earthquake-causes-oil-refinery-inferno.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 13, 2011 |title=Japan earthquake causes oil refinery inferno |work=[The Daily Telegraph](/source/The_Daily_Telegraph) |location=London |date=11 March 2011 |access-date=12 March 2011}}][{{cite web |url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/multimedia/pictures/detail.dot?mediaInode=50cde84c-27ff-443c-8ffc-1183be4ce4c2 |title=Natural gas storage tanks burn at Cosmo oil refinery in Ichihara city |work=Reuters AlertNet |publisher=[Thomson Reuters](/source/Thomson_Reuters) |date=11 March 2011 |access-date=12 March 2011 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110314063504/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/multimedia/pictures/detail.dot?mediaInode=50cde84c-27ff-443c-8ffc-1183be4ce4c2 |archivedate=14 March 2011 }}][{{cite news |url=http://www.ogj.com/index/article-display/0223973745/articles/oil-gas-journal/general-interest-2/20100/march-2011/after-8_9_quake__explosion.html |title=After 8.9 quake, explosion hits pchem complex in Japan |first=Eric |last=Watkins |work=[Oil & Gas Journal](/source/Oil_%26_Gas_Journal) |publisher=[PennWell Corporation](/source/PennWell) |location=Los Angeles |date=11 March 2011 |access-date=28 March 2015}}] It was extinguished after ten days, injuring six people and destroying storage tanks[{{cite web |url=http://www.cosmo-oil.co.jp/eng/information/110321/index.html |title=LPG Tanks Fire Extinguished at Chiba Refinery (5th Update) |date=21 March 2011 |publisher=Cosmo Oil |access-date=28 March 2015}}] The ultimate cause was traced to the collapse of supports for [LPG](/source/Liquefied_petroleum_gas) Tank 364, which had been filled with water and undergoing hydrostatic testing at the time the earthquake struck. The collapse fractured LPG pipes, releasing gas that then ignited, in turn igniting LPG in several adjacent tanks.[{{Cite web | url=https://ceh.cosmo-oil.co.jp/eng/press/110802/ | title=Overview of the Fire and Explosion at Chiba Refinery, the Cause of the Accident and the Action Plan to Prevent Recurrence | author=Cosmo Oil Co., Ltd. | date=2011-08-02 | access-date=2017-10-25}}]
In February 2015, the company said it will reorganize itself under a holding company to boost profitability.[{{cite web |url=http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/154473/japanese-companies-pool-lpg-sectors/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319212942/http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/154473/japanese-companies-pool-lpg-sectors/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=March 19, 2015 |title=Japanese Companies Pool LPG Sectors |date=12 March 2015 |publisher=World Maritime News |access-date=28 March 2015}}] Along Cosmo, the other three shareholding companies are [Showa Shell Sekiyu](/source/Showa_Shell_Sekiyu), TonenGeneral Sekiyu, and [Sumitomo Corporation](/source/Sumitomo_Corporation), all with 25% of the ownership.[{{cite news |url=http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/17053/four-japanese-companies-form-an-lpg-importer |title=Four Japanese companies form an LPG importer |author=Crystal Chan |date=12 March 2015 |work=IHS Maritime 360 |publisher=[IHS Inc.](/source/IHS_Inc.) |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402210854/http://www.ihsmaritime360.com/article/17053/four-japanese-companies-form-an-lpg-importer |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=dead }}]
==Refineries==
Cosmo operates three refineries, all of which are located in Japan:[{{cite news |url=http://www.icis.com/resources/news/2012/08/28/9590235/japan-s-cosmo-oil-to-permanently-shut-sakaide-refinery-in-july-13/ |title=Japan's Cosmo Oil to permanently shut Sakaide refinery in July '13 |date=28 August 2012 |work=[ICIS](/source/Reed_Business_Information) |publisher=[Reed Business Information](/source/Reed_Business_Information) |access-date=28 March 2015}}]
*[Ichihara, Chiba](/source/Ichihara%2C_Chiba) (former Maruzen refinery): {{convert|220000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}
*[Yokkaichi, Mie](/source/Yokkaichi%2C_Mie) (former Daikyo refinery): {{convert|175000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}
*[Sakai, Osaka](/source/Sakai) (former Maruzen refinery): {{convert|100000|oilbbl/d|m3/d}}
In August 2012, the company announced that it will close its [Sakaide plant](/source/Sakaide%2C_Kagawa) in southwest Japan.[{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/cosmo-sakaide-idUST9E8IB02G20120828 |title=Japan's Cosmo to close Sakaide refinery in July 2013 |last1=Tsukimori |first1=Osamu |editor1-last=Watson |editor1-first=Michael |date=28 August 2012 |work=[Reuters](/source/Reuters) |publisher=[Thomson Reuters](/source/Thomson_Reuters) |access-date=28 March 2015}}] The refinery, which was closed and turned into an oil terminal in July 2013,