# Cos.Mo.S
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{{Infobox company
| name = Cos.Mo.S
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| industry = Defense
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| founded = 1954
| founder = Ing. Sergio Pucciarini
| defunct = 2003
| hq_location_city = [Livorno](/source/Livorno)
| hq_location_country = [Italy](/source/Italy)
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'''Cos.Mo.S''', officially Costruzione Motoscafi Sottomarini s.a.s, was an Italian submarine and submersible manufacturer.
==History==
[[Image:ArgentineMannedTorpedo.jpg|thumb|250px|[Argentine Navy](/source/Argentine_Navy)'s [CE2F/X100-T](/source/CE2F%2FX100-T), designed for operations in cold waters]]
[[image:Cardoen Saddam.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Carlos Cardoen meeting with former [Iraqi President](/source/President_of_Iraq) Saddam Hussein]]
Cos.Mo.S was started in 1954 by Sergio Pucciarini, a former Italian [combat diver](/source/combat_diver). Development of their initial offering, Ippocampo (Sea Horse),[{{cite web |title=Italian Chariots |url=http://covertshores.blogspot.com/2010/07/italian-chariots.html |website=covertshores.blogspot.com |publisher=Covert Shores Naval Warfare Blog |accessdate=16 May 2020}}] predates the establishment of the company and was built/tested in 1950/51. The American [Underwater Demolition Teams](/source/Underwater_Demolition_Teams) purchased their first Sea Horses in the late 1950s and the US Navy made a formal order for Sea Horse IIs in the mid-1960s. In US service the Sea Horse and Sea Horse II are not known to have ever been used for any purpose besides training.[{{cite web |last1=Sutton |first1=H I |title=The famous CosMoS CE2F chariot |url=http://www.hisutton.com/The%20famous%20CosMoS%20CE2F%20chariot.html |website=www.hisutton.com |publisher=Covert Shores |accessdate=27 February 2020}}]
The [Cosmos CE2F series](/source/Cosmos_CE2F_series) of [Swimmer Delivery Vehicle](/source/Swimmer_Delivery_Vehicle)s enjoyed significant export success.[{{cite book |last1=Alessandro Massignani |first1=Jack Greene and |title=The Black Prince And The Sea Devils |date=2009 |publisher=Hachette Books |isbn=0786751282}}] The follow on CE4F series was first exported to [Turkey](/source/Turkey) and they remain the only known customer.[{{cite web |last1=Sutton |first1=HI |title=CosMoS CE4F SDV |url=http://www.hisutton.com/CosMoS%20CE4F%20SDV.html |website=www.hisutton.com |publisher=HI Sutton |accessdate=16 June 2020}}]
In the 1950s and 1960s there was a shift to longer range special operations missions enabled by running swimmer delivery vehicles on the surface for most of the journey. In secret Cos.Mo.S began developing a submersible boat called Nessie (after the [Loch Ness Monster](/source/Loch_Ness_Monster)), probably based on requirement issued by the Italian Navy. The Nessie was forty feet long and had a crew of eight. The hull was designed by Renato ‘Sonny’ Levi who based the design on an unbuilt offshore racing powerboat. His design was prototyped as the Dart-38 in the early 1970s and this prototype achieved 80 knots in tests. The design was never acquired by the Italian Navy who chose a competing design.[{{cite web |last1=Sutton |first1=H I |title=Nessie |url=http://www.hisutton.com/Nessie.html |website=www.hisutton.com |publisher=Covert Shores |accessdate=1 March 2020}}]
From 1966 to 1972, Cos.Mo.S was an important defense contractor for the [Government of Pakistan](/source/Government_of_Pakistan) and it manufactured the [SX-404-class](/source/SX-404-class_submarine) midget submarine, primarily for the [Pakistan Navy](/source/Pakistan_Navy).[{{cite book |last1=Hiranandani |first1=G. M. |title=Transition to Triumph: History of the Indian Navy, 1965-1975 |date=2000 |publisher=Lancer Publishers |isbn=1897829728}}]
From 1983 to 1985, the company was again awarded federal contract by Pakistani administration and designed the [Cosmos-class submarine](/source/Cosmos-class_submarine), later built by [KS&EW](/source/Karachi_Shipyard_%26_Engineering_Works) shipyard in [Karachi](/source/Karachi).
In 1989 Ing. Pucciarini sold the firm to Chilean arms dealer [Carlos Cardoen](/source/Carlos_Cardoen). In the late 1990s Cardoen began negotiating the sale of submarines to [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein)’s regime in [Iraq](/source/Iraq). The deal eventually grew into a full sale of the company to the Iraqis and the Italian government put a stop to the deal when it was revealed in the press. The cancellation of the Iraqi deal combined with the failure of a number of other deals drove the company to insolvency. An international arrest warrant was issued for Carlos Cardoen for his part in the Iraqi scandal but he was never brought to justice. After their demise their physical and intellectual property was transferred to a number of competitors and startups[{{cite web |last1=Sutton |first1=H I |title=DRASS |url=http://www.hisutton.com/DRASS.html |website=www.hisutton.com |publisher=Covert Shores |accessdate=1 March 2020}}]
None of their products are known to have ever entered into service with the Italian armed forces.