# Condorchelys

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Extinct genus of turtles

Condorchelys Temporal range: Middle Toarcian ~179.17–178.07 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N [1] Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Clade: Pantestudines Clade: Testudinata Clade: Rhaptochelydia Clade: Mesochelydia Genus: †Condorchelys Sterli 2008 Species: †C. antiqua Binomial name †Condorchelys antiqua Sterli 2008

***Condorchelys*** was a genus of stem [turtle](/source/Turtle) from [Early Jurassic](/source/Early_Jurassic) (Middle Toarcian) [Cañadon Asfalto Formation](/source/Ca%C3%B1adon_Asfalto_Formation) of [Argentina](/source/Argentina). *Condorchelys* represents the oldest Jurassic-aged Turtle from South America, with only one species described, *Condorchelys antiqua*.[2]

## Discovery

The holotype of Condorchelys was first discovered on the "Queso Rallado" locality, 5.5 km from the west of [Cerro Cóndor](/source/Cerro_C%C3%B3ndor) village in the [Chubut Province](/source/Chubut_Province), Argentina, from layers of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, back then considered to be Middle or Late Jurassic in age,[2] though modern re-datations confirmed a Toarcian (Early Jurassic) Age.[1] The holotype, MPEF-PV1152 is a basicranium. Other specimens where originally referred, including MPEF-PV 1783A-B (neural series, costal bones and thoracic vertebrae), MPEF-PV 1998 (basicranium), MPEF-PV 3131 (basicranium with skull roof), MPEF-PV 3132 (lmost complete carapace), MPEF-PV 3133 (pectoral girdle), MPEF-PV 3134 (entoplastron), MPEF-PV 3135 (pelvic girdle) and MPEF-PV 3136 (left hyoplastron).[2] Additional specimens where later recovered in Queso Rallado, including both cranial and postcranial remains.[3] And then in other outcrops like Cañadon Bagual, "Chucrut" and "Canela".[4] The name was coined in reference to nearby Cerro Cóndor village, while the species name *antiqua* from the Latin word for old, ancient.[2]

## Description

Condorchelys is overall similar to the genera *[Kayentachelys](/source/Kayentachelys) aprix* and *[Indochelys](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indochelys&action=edit&redlink=1) spatulata*, yet lacking pterygoid teeth and a V-shaped suprapygal 2.[5] The skull roof exhibits ornamentation formed by ridges and grooves similar to the ones seen in *[Kayentachelys](/source/Kayentachelys)*. The carapace is oval, about 21x16 cm in one of the referred specimens, being longer than wider, ornamented with small pits and grooves.[3][5] Shell microstructure, showing bones with a low degree of compactness/homogenization of cortical and cancellous shell areas, suggests an aquatic life style.[6]

## Phylogeny

The original description cladistic analysis allocated *C. antiqua* as a stem turtle, reinforcing previous placements of other stem taxa, including *Kayentachelys*, *Indochelys* & *Condorchelys* as a group, and the Middle Jurassic Laurasian genus *Heckerochelys* as a close outgrup.[2] Latter on the basis of new material several phylogenetic analyses where done, finding *C. antiqua* either a stem member of [Testudines](/source/Testudines) or in several positions in [Mesochelydia](/source/Mesochelydia), in any case still grouping with *Kayentachelys* & *Indochelys*.[3]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Toarc_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Toarc_1-1) Fantasia, A.; Föllmi, K. B.; Adatte, T.; Spangenberg, J. E.; Schoene, B.; Barker, R. T.; Scasso, R. A. (2021). ["Late Toarcian continental palaeoenvironmental conditions: An example from the Canadon Asfalto Formation in southern Argentina"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1342937X20302562). *Gondwana Research*. **89** (1): 47–65. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2021GondR..89...47F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021GondR..89...47F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.gr.2020.10.001](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.gr.2020.10.001). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/175817](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F175817). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [225120452](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225120452). Retrieved 27 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Sterli2008_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Sterli2008_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Sterli2008_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Sterli2008_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Sterli2008_2-4) Sterli, J (2008), ["A new, nearly complete stem turtle from the Jurassic of South America with implications for turtle evolution"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5520232), *[Biology Letters](/source/Biology_Letters)*, **4** (3): 286–289, [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1098/rsbl.2008.0022](https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsbl.2008.0022), [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [2610044](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2610044), [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [18331974](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18331974), retrieved 2019-03-01

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NEW_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NEW_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-NEW_3-2) Sterli, J.; De La Fuente, M. S.; Rougier, G. W. (2018). ["New remains of Condorchelys antiqua (Testudinata) from the Early-Middle Jurassic of Patagonia: anatomy, phylogeny, and paedomorphosis in the early evolution of turtles"](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112). *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **38** (4): (1)-(17). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018JVPal..38....1S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JVPal..38....1S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724634.2018.1480112](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724634.2018.1480112). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/99525](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F99525). Retrieved 17 December 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Condorc_4-0)** Sterli, J.; Vlachos, E.; Puerta, P.; Oriozabala, C.; Krause, M. (2021). ["Contribution to the diversity of the fossil record of turtles (Testudinidata) from Chubut province (Argentina) and its significance in understanding the evolution of turtles in southern South America"](https://www.peapaleontologica.org.ar/index.php/peapa/article/view/338). *Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina*. **21** (1): 118–160. Retrieved 31 March 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Anato_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Anato_5-1) Sterli, J.; De La Fuente, M. S. (2010). ["Anatomy of C ondorchelys antiqua Sterli, 2008, and the origin of the modern jaw closure mechanism in turtles"](https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724631003617597). *Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology*. **30** (2): 351–366. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010JVPal..30..351S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JVPal..30..351S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/02724631003617597](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F02724631003617597). Retrieved 17 December 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Cerda, I. A; Sterli, J.; Scheyer, T. M. (2016). ["Bone shell microstructure of Condorchelys antiqua Sterli, 2008, a stem turtle from the Jurassic of Patagonia"](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631068315000329). *Comptes Rendus Palevol*. **15** (1–2): 128–141. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2016CRPal..15..128C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016CRPal..15..128C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/j.crpv.2015.01.004](https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.crpv.2015.01.004). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[11336/46091](https://hdl.handle.net/11336%2F46091). Retrieved 17 December 2023.

- [Paleontology portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Paleontology)

v t e Pantestudines Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Diapsida Clade: Sauria Clade: Archelosauria Sauropsida see Sauropsida Pantestudines see below↓ Pantestudines Pantestudines Pantestudines †Eorhynchochelys †Eunotosaurus? †Odontochelys †Pappochelys Testudinata †Priscochelys? †Proganochelyidae Proganochelys Ypomonetikochelys †Proterochersidae Chinlechelys Cryptochersis Keuperotesta Proterochersis Thaichelys †Australochelyidae Australochelys Palaeochersis Waluchelys Mesochelydia †Condorchelys †Eileanchelys †Heckerochelys †Indochelys †Kayentachelys Perichelydia see below↓ Perichelydia Perichelydia †Kallokibotion †Spoochelys †Meiolaniformes Chubutemys Otwayemys Patagoniaemys Peligrochelys Trapalcochelys Meiolaniidae Gaffneylania Meiolania Ninjemys Niolamia Warkalania †Sichuanchelyidae Laurasichersis Mongolochelys Sichuanchelys †Helochelydridae Aragochersis Helochelydra Helochelys Naomichelys Solemys †Compsemydidae Berruchelus Calissounemys Compsemys Kallokibotion? Peltochelys Riodevemys? Selenemys? Tongemys †Paracryptodira Compsemydidae? Helochelydridae? Pleurosternidae Dinochelys Dorsetochelys Glyptops Pleurosternon Riodevemys? Selenemys? Toremys Uluops Baenidae Arundelemys Arvinachelys Baena Boremys Cedrobaena Chisternon Denazinemys Edowa Eubaena Gamerabaena Gehennachelys Goleremys Hayemys Lakotemys Neurankylus Palatobaena Peckemys Plesiobaena Protobaena Saxochelys Scabremys Stygiochelys Thescelus Trinitichelys †Xinjiangchelyidae Annemys Brodiechelys Camerochelys Chengyuchelys Jastmelchyi Kalasinemys Larachelus Phunoichelys Protoxinjiangchelys Shartegemys Siamochelys Tienfuchelys Undjulemys Xinjiangchelys Yanduchelys †"Sinemydidae" Dracochelys Jeholochelys Liaochelys Manchurochelys Ordosemys Sinemys Wuguia Xiaochelys Yumenemys †"Macrobaenidae" Anatolemys Appalachemys Asiachelys Aurorachelys Changmachelys Gallica Judithemys Kirgizemys Macrobaena Osteopygis Oxemys Yakemys †Other "eucryptodires" Bashuchelys Galvechelone Hongkongochelys Hoyasemys Tienfucheloides †Thalassochelydia Aplax Cyrtura Euryaspis Hispaniachelys Neusticemys Owadowia Pelobatochelys Thalassemys Protostegidae? "Eurysternidae" Achelonia Chelonides Eurysternum Hydropelta Idiochelys Palaeomedusa Parachelys "Plesiochelyidae" Craspedochelys Globochelus Hylaeochelys? Jurassichelon? Plesiochelys Portlandemys Tropidemys Sandownidae Angolachelys Brachyopsemys Leyvachelys Sandownia Solnhofia? Crown-Testudines see Testudines See also: Angolachelonia Ankylopoda Category

Taxon identifiers Condorchelys antiqua Wikidata: Q5159351 GBIF: 8481601 Open Tree of Life: 6148773 Paleobiology Database: 175826

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Condorchelys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorchelys) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condorchelys?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.