# Computational informatics

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'''Computational informatics''' is a subfield of [informatics](/source/informatics) that emphasizes issues in the design of computing solutions rather than its underlying infrastructure. Computational informatics can also be interpreted as the use of computational methods in the information sciences.

== Development ==
From a historical viewpoint, medical informatics scientists (also known as medical informaticians) started to use artificial intelligence and [Bayesian](/source/Bayesian_inference) statistical methods in [diagnosis](/source/diagnosis) and medical decision making, as early as in the 1970s.  An example is the [MYCIN](/source/MYCIN) system developed at [Stanford University](/source/Stanford_University).  The field has since evolved to use a wide range of computational methods and to interact with all possible scientific and other disciplinary domains.  Later, the field integrated the following:

* Computational techniques: [artificial intelligence](/source/artificial_intelligence), [algorithm](/source/algorithm)s (for architectures ranging from single [CPU](/source/CPU) to [massively parallel](/source/massively_parallel) machines), programming, [object-oriented](/source/Object-oriented_programming) system design, [database](/source/database)s, information retrieval, computer graphics and visualization, [data mining](/source/data_mining), information extraction.
* [Probability](/source/Probability), [statistics](/source/statistics) and decision science: Theory of probability, statistical inference, cost/risk-benefit analysis, probabilistic analysis, stochastic modeling, decision theory, statistical data analysis, probabilistic networks, pattern classification, statistical learning and modeling, statistical data mining.
* Applied [mathematics](/source/mathematics): [graph theory](/source/graph_theory), [differential equation](/source/differential_equation)s, [optimization theory](/source/optimization_theory), [wavelet](/source/wavelet)s, [group theory](/source/group_theory).
* [Electrical engineering](/source/Electrical_engineering) methods: signal and image processing.
* [Domain knowledge](/source/Domain_knowledge): [art](/source/art) and cultural heritage, [biology](/source/biology), [chemistry](/source/chemistry), [engineering](/source/engineering), [medicine](/source/medicine), the [World Wide Web](/source/World_Wide_Web).
* User sciences: design, human-computer interaction, evaluation.
* Cyberinfrastructure for informatics: [search engine](/source/search_engine)s, digital repositories, storage.
* [Scientometrics](/source/Scientometrics), [bibliometrics](/source/bibliometrics) and [economics](/source/economics): science and policy evaluation, data mining and information extraction, knowledge discovery.
* Social sciences: [social network](/source/social_network) analysis and metrics.

== Education ==
Several universities offer graduate programs in this area.  One example is the [Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology](/source/Penn_State_College_of_Information_Sciences_and_Technology).  Another example is the [Hamburg University of Technology](/source/Hamburg_University_of_Technology) which offers a consecutive Bachelor and Master program with emphasis on computational techniques. Some programs are targeted at specific domains.  For instance, the Biomedical Informatics Program at [Stanford University](/source/Stanford_University) focuses on technologies and methods for understanding biomedical data and to improve health care.

In Tunisia, University of Manouba offers a Master program called Intelligent and Decisional Informatics<ref>{{Cite web|title=MR IDIAG (Informatique décisionnelle et intelligence appliquée à la gestion)|url=http://www.esct.rnu.tn/site/index.php/formations/masteres/mridiag|access-date=2016-06-15}}</ref> which tries to cover all aspect of computational informatics.

==See also==
* [Bioinformatics](/source/Bioinformatics)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Informatics}}

Category:Information science by discipline

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Computational informatics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_informatics) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_informatics?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.