# Compositrema

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Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Compositrema Scientific classification Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Lecanoromycetes Order: Graphidales Family: Graphidaceae Genus: Compositrema Rivas Plata, Lücking & Lumbsch (2012) Type species Compositrema cerebriforme J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012) Species C. borinquense C. cerebriforme C. isidiofarinosum C. thailandicum

***Compositrema*** is a [genus](/source/Genus) of [lichen](/source/Lichen)-forming [fungi](/source/Fungi) in the family [Graphidaceae](/source/Graphidaceae).[1] It has four species.[2] The genus was [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, [Robert Lücking](/source/Robert_L%C3%BCcking), and [Helge Thorsten Lumbsch](/source/Helge_Thorsten_Lumbsch), with *[C. cerebriforme](/source/Compositrema_cerebriforme)* assigned as the [type species](/source/Type_species). The genus is distinguished by its unique, composite [pseudostromatic](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#pseudostromatic) ascomata (i.e., [fruiting bodies](/source/Sporocarp_(fungi)) with a [stroma](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#stroma) made of both [thallus](/source/Thallus) tissue and bits of [host](/source/Host_(biology)) tissue), which sets it apart from the otherwise similar genus *[Stegobolus](/source/Stegobolus)*.

## Taxonomy

The genus *Compositrema* was [circumscribed](/source/Circumscription_(taxonomy)) in 2012 by lichenologists Eimy Rivas Plata, [Robert Lücking](/source/Robert_L%C3%BCcking), and [H. Thorsten Lumbsch](/source/Helge_Thorsten_Lumbsch). The [type species](/source/Type_species), *[Compositrema cerebriforme](/source/Compositrema_cerebriforme)*, was jointly [described](/source/Species_description) by Jesús Ernesto Hernández Maldonado and Lücking. The name of the genus makes reference to its "composite" [pseudostromatic](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#pseudostroma) ascomata, a feature that starkly distinguishes it from the genus *[Stegobolus](/source/Stegobolus)*. The ending *-trema* is derived from the [Latinised Greek](/source/Romanization_of_Greek) neuter noun meaning "perforation; aperture; opening; orifice".[3] [Phylogenetically](/source/Phylogenetic), *Compositrema* is closely akin to *Stegobolus* but is genetically quite [distant](/source/Genetic_distance), forming a strongly supported [clade](/source/Clade) that is a distant relative of the *[Myriotrema album](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myriotrema_album&action=edit&redlink=1)* group.[4] *Compositrema* is in the [tribe](/source/Tribe_(biology)) Ocellularieae of the subfamily Graphidoideae in the [Graphidaceae](/source/Graphidaceae).[5] Two species were initially included in this genus,[4] and two others added in 2014.[6]

## Description

*Compositrema* lichens have a pale green-grey to olive-green [thallus](/source/Thallus) that is smooth to uneven, with a dense [cortex](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#cortex) that has a [prosoplectenchymatous](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#prosoplectenchymatous) tissue structure. Sometimes, [isidia](/source/Isidia) are present on these lichens. The [photobiont layer](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#photobiont_layer) contains scattered clusters of [calcium oxalate](/source/Calcium_oxalate) crystals among its cells. The [apothecia](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#apothecia), or the reproductive parts of the lichen, are grouped into distinct pseudostromata, which are rounded to angular and can be either [erumpent](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#erumpent) or [sessile](/source/Sessility_(botany)). The [disc](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#disc)-like part of these pseudostromata is pale brown and dusted with a thin white [pruina](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#pruina). On a more microscopic level, *Compositrema* lichens have unbranched [paraphyses](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#paraphyses), and each [ascus](/source/Ascus) contains eight [ascospores](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#ascospores) that are [ellipsoid](/source/Ellipsoid) in shape with thick [septa](/source/Septum) and lens-shaped [lumina](/source/Glossary_of_lichen_terms#lumina). These ascospores range from colourless to pale brown and [react](/source/Amyloid_(mycology)) with [iodine](/source/Iodine) to give a violet-blue colour. [Psoromic acid](/source/Psoromic_acid) is a [secondary metabolite](/source/Secondary_metabolite) ([lichen product](/source/Lichen_product)) that occurs in *Compositrema*.[4]

## Species

- *[Compositrema borinquense](/source/Compositrema_borinquense)* Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) – Puerto Rico[6]

- *[Compositrema cerebriforme](/source/Compositrema_cerebriforme)* J.E.Hern. & Lücking (2012) – Venezuela[4]

- *[Compositrema isidiofarinosum](/source/Compositrema_isidiofarinosum)* Merc.-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen (2014) – Puerto Rico[6]

- *[Compositrema thailandicum](/source/Compositrema_thailandicum)* Rivas Plata, Papong & Lumbsch (2012) – Thailand[4]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-CoL_1-0)** ["*Compositrema*"](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/62N7X). *[Catalogue of Life](/source/Catalogue_of_Life)*. [Species 2000](/source/Species_2000): Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 11 June 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Wijayawardene_et_al._2022_2-0)** Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). ["Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021"](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358798332). *Mycosphere*. **13** (1): 53–453. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2](https://doi.org/10.5943%2Fmycosphere%2F13%2F1%2F2). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10481/76378](https://hdl.handle.net/10481%2F76378). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [249054641](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:249054641).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Pennycook_2022_3-0)** Pennycook, Shaun R. (2022). ["Gender of fungal generic names ending in –trema"](https://doi.org/10.5248%2F137.545). *Mycotaxon*. **137** (3): 545–554. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.5248/137.545](https://doi.org/10.5248%2F137.545).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Rivas_Plata_et_al._2012_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Rivas_Plata_et_al._2012_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Rivas_Plata_et_al._2012_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Rivas_Plata_et_al._2012_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Rivas_Plata_et_al._2012_4-4) Rivas Plata, Eimy; Lücking, Robert; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2012). "Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the *Ocellularia* clade (Ascomycota: Ostropales: Graphidaceae)". *Taxon*. **61** (6): 1161–1179. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/tax.616001](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Ftax.616001).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lumbsch_et_al._2014_5-0)** Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Parnmen, Sittiporn; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Papong, Khwanruan Butsatorn; Lücking, Robert (2014). ["High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales)"](https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/High_frequency_of_character_transformations_is_phylogenetically_structured_within_the_lichenized_fungal_family_Graphidaceae_Ascomycota_Ostropales_/1004987). *Systematics and Biodiversity*. **12** (3): 271–291. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1080/14772000.2014.905506](https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14772000.2014.905506). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [85347570](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:85347570).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Mercado-Díaz_et_al._2014_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Mercado-Díaz_et_al._2014_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Mercado-Díaz_et_al._2014_6-2) Mercado-Díaz, Joel A.; Lücking, Robert; Parnmen, Sittiporn (2014). "Two new genera and twelve new species of Graphidaceae from Puerto Rico: a case for higher endemism of lichenized fungi in islands of the Caribbean?". *Phytotaxa*. **189** (1): 186–203. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.11646/phytotaxa.189.1.14](https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fphytotaxa.189.1.14).

Taxon identifiers Compositrema Wikidata: Q101751501 Wikispecies: Compositrema GBIF: 10709542 IndexFungorum: 801246 IRMNG: 11914701 MycoBank: 801246 NCBI: 1234910 SpeciesFungorum: 801246

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