# Complex volcano
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{{Short description|Landform of more than one related volcanic centre}}
{{Redirect2|Volcano complex|Volcanic complex|a group of related volcanos|Volcanic group}}
{{More citations needed|date = March 2016}}
[[File:Mount Ararat and the Yerevan skyline in spring (50mm).jpg|thumb|250px|[Mount Ararat](/source/Mount_Ararat), [Turkey](/source/Turkey)]]
[[Image:Homa mountain.jpg|thumb|250px|[Homa Mountain](/source/Homa_Mountain), [Kenya](/source/Kenya) in 1994]]
[[Image:Pacaya erupting in 1976.jpg|thumb|250px|An eruption of [Pacaya](/source/Pacaya), [Guatemala](/source/Guatemala) in 1976 ]]
[[Image:Banahaw.jpg|thumb|250px|[Mount Banahaw](/source/Mount_Banahaw), [Luzon](/source/Luzon), the [Philippines](/source/Philippines) in 1989 ]]
[[Image:Flores Moni Kelimutu.jpg|thumb|250px|[Kelimutu](/source/Kelimutu), [Flores](/source/Flores), [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia)]]
A '''complex volcano''', also called a '''compound volcano''' or a '''volcanic complex''', is a mixed [landform](/source/landform) consisting of related [volcanic centers](/source/volcano) and their associated [lava flows](/source/lava) and [pyroclastic rock](/source/pyroclastic_rock).[{{Cite web|url = http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/dieng-volcanic-complex|title = Dieng Volcanic Complex – Volcano World – Oregon State University|website = volcano.oregonstate.edu|date = 29 September 2010|publisher = [Oregon State University](/source/Oregon_State_University)|access-date = 2016-03-21}}] They may form due to changes in [eruptive habit](/source/types_of_volcanic_eruptions) or in the location of the principal vent area on a particular volcano.[{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OhKWHJqZy8cC|title = Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes|publisher = [Rosen Publishing](/source/Rosen_Publishing)|year = 2010|isbn = 9781615301065|editor-last = Rafferty|editor-first = John P.|location = New York|pages = 174}}] [Stratovolcano](/source/Stratovolcano)es can also form a large [caldera](/source/caldera) that gets filled in by a lava domes, or else multiple small [cinder cone](/source/cinder_cone)s, [lava dome](/source/lava_dome)s and [crater](/source/volcanic_crater)s may develop on the caldera's rim.[{{Cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BilBFXIW5c4C|title = Volcanoes|last1 = Decker|first1 = Robert|last2 = Decker|first2 = Barbara|publisher = [W. H. Freeman and Company](/source/W._H._Freeman_and_Company)|year = 2006|isbn = 9780716789291|edition = 4th|location = New York|pages = 170|author-link = Robert W. Decker}}]
Although a comparatively unusual type of volcano, they are widespread in the world and in geologic history. [Metamorphosed](/source/metamorphism) ash flow [tuff](/source/tuff)s are widespread in the [Precambrian](/source/Precambrian) rocks of northern [New Mexico](/source/New_Mexico), which indicates that caldera complexes have been important for much of Earth's history. [Yellowstone National Park](/source/Yellowstone_National_Park) is on three partly covered caldera complexes. The [Long Valley Caldera](/source/Long_Valley_Caldera) in eastern [California](/source/California) is also a complex volcano; the [San Juan Mountains](/source/San_Juan_Mountains) in southwestern [Colorado](/source/Colorado) are formed on a group of [Neogene](/source/Neogene)-age caldera complexes, and most of the [Mesozoic](/source/Mesozoic) and [Cenozoic](/source/Cenozoic) rocks of [Nevada](/source/Nevada), [Idaho](/source/Idaho), and eastern California are also caldera complexes and their erupted ash flow tuffs. The [Bennett Lake Caldera](/source/Bennett_Lake_Caldera) in [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia) and the [Yukon Territory](/source/Yukon_Territory) is another example of a Cenozoic ([Eocene](/source/Eocene)) caldera complex.
==Examples==
*[Akita-Yake-Yama](/source/Akita-Yake-Yama) (Honshū, Japan)
*[Asacha](/source/Asacha) ([Kamchatka Peninsula](/source/Kamchatka_Peninsula), Russia)
*[Asama](/source/Mount_Asama) (Honshū, Japan)
*[Kusatsu-Shirane](/source/Mount_Kusatsu-Shirane) (Kusatsu, Gunma, Japan)
*[Banahaw](/source/Mount_Banahaw) (Luzon, Philippines)
*[Bennett Lake Caldera](/source/Bennett_Lake_Caldera) (British Columbia/Yukon, Canada)
*[Cumbre Vieja](/source/Cumbre_Vieja) (Canary Islands, Spain)
*[Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex) (British Columbia, Canada)
*[Galeras](/source/Galeras) (Colombia, South America)
*[Grozny Group](/source/Grozny_Group) (Kuril Islands, Russia)
*[Hakone](/source/Mount_Hakone) (Japan)
*[Homa Mountain](/source/Homa_Mountain) (Kenya)
*[Irazú Volcano](/source/Iraz%C3%BA_Volcano) (Costa Rica)
*[Ischia](/source/Ischia) (Italy)
*[Kelimutu](/source/Kelimutu) (Flores, Indonesia)
*[Las Pilas](/source/Las_Pilas) (Nicaragua)
*[Long Valley Caldera](/source/Long_Valley_Caldera) (California, United States)
*[Mount Marapi](/source/Mount_Marapi) (Indonesia)
*[Mount Mazama](/source/Mount_Mazama) (Oregon, United States)
*[McDonald Islands](/source/McDonald_Islands) (Indian Ocean, Australia)
*[Mount Meager massif](/source/Mount_Meager_massif) (British Columbia, Canada)
*[Morne Trois Pitons](/source/Morne_Trois_Pitons) (Dominica)
*[Moutohora Island](/source/Moutohora_Island) (New Zealand)
*[Pacaya](/source/Pacaya) (Guatemala)
*[Puyehue-Cordón Caulle](/source/Puyehue-Cord%C3%B3n_Caulle) (Chile)
*[Rincón de la Vieja Volcano](/source/Rinc%C3%B3n_de_la_Vieja_Volcano) (Costa Rica)
*[Silverthrone Caldera](/source/Silverthrone_Caldera) (British Columbia, Canada)
*[St. Andrew Strait](/source/St._Andrew_Strait) (Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea)
*[Taal Volcano](/source/Taal_Volcano), (Batangas, Philippines)
*[Mount Talinis](/source/Mount_Talinis), (Negros Oriental, Philippines)
*[Taupō Volcano](/source/Taup%C5%8D_Volcano), (Taupō, New Zealand)
*[Teide](/source/Teide), Canary Islands[{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-25893-0 |title=Teide Volcano |series=Active Volcanoes of the World |date=2013 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-642-25893-0|isbn=978-3-642-25892-3 |editor1=Carracedo, Juan Carlos |editor2=Troll, Valentin R }}]
*[Three Sisters](/source/Three_Sisters_(Oregon)) (Oregon, United States)