# Common reference string model

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In cryptography, the '''common reference string''' (CRS) model captures the assumption that a trusted setup in which all involved parties get access to the same string ''crs'' taken from some distribution ''D'' exists. Schemes [proven secure](/source/Provable_security) in the CRS model are secure given that the setup was performed correctly. The common reference string model is a generalization of the '''common random string''' model, in which ''D'' is the uniform distribution of bit strings. As stated in,<ref>Ran Canetti and Marc Fischlin; Universally Composable Commitments; Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2001/055 [http://eprint.iacr.org/2001/055 (link)]</ref> the CRS model is equivalent to the ''reference string model'' <ref>Marc Fischlin, Roger Fischlin: Efficient Non-malleable Commitment Schemes. CRYPTO 2000: 413–431 [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00145-009-9045-2 (link)]</ref> and the ''public parameters model''.<ref>Ivan Damgård: Efficient Concurrent Zero-Knowledge in the Auxiliary String Model. EUROCRYPT 2000: 418–430 [https://www.iacr.org/cryptodb/data/paper.php?pubkey=2246 (link)]</ref> 

The CRS model has applications in the study of [non-interactive zero-knowledge proof](/source/non-interactive_zero-knowledge_proof)s and [universal composability](/source/universal_composability).

==References==
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{{Cryptographic models}}

Category:Theory of cryptography

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