# Colloid mill

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{{Short description|Type of grinding machine}}
A '''colloid mill''' is a machine that is used to reduce the particle size of a [solid](/source/solid) in [suspension](/source/Suspension_(chemistry)) in a [liquid](/source/liquid), or to reduce the droplet size in emulsions.  Colloid mills work on the rotor-stator principle: a rotor turns at high speeds (2000–18000 [RPM](/source/Revolutions_per_minute)<ref name=remington />).  A high level of {{clarify span|text=[hydraulic](/source/hydraulic) [shear](/source/stress_(physics))|date=April 2020}} stress is applied on the fluid which results in disrupting and breaking down the  structure. Colloid mills are frequently used to increase the stability of suspensions and [emulsion](/source/emulsion)s, but can also be used to reduce the particle size of solids in suspensions.<ref name=remington /> Higher shear rates lead to smaller droplets, down to approximately 1 [μm](/source/micrometre)<ref name=FoodEmul /> which are more resistant to emulsion separation.
thumb|Schematic colloid mill

== Application suitability ==
Colloid mills are used in the following industries:
* Pharmaceutical<ref name=remington />
* Cosmetic<ref name=cosmetic /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Hibbott, H. W.|title=Handbook of Cosmetic Science: An Introduction to Principles and Applications.|date=6 June 2016 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-4831-8647-4|oclc=952336962}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbook of cosmetic science and technology|date=2001|publisher=Marcel Dekker|editor-last1=Barel|editor1-first=André O|editor2-last=Paye|editor2-first=Marc|editor3-last=Maibach|editor3-first=Howard I.|isbn=0-585-40384-8|location=New York|oclc=50321224}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Surfactants in cosmetics|others=Rhein, Linda D., Rieger, Martin M.|date=29 September 2017 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-41248-3|edition=2nd, revised and expanded|oclc=1017979590}}</ref>
* Paint<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tadros, Tharwat F.|title=Colloids in paints|date=4 August 2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-64160-4|oclc=1180123305}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Modern technology of paints, varnishes & lacquers|date=2007|publisher=Asia Pacific Business Press|others=National Institute of Industrial Research (India)|isbn=978-81-7833-088-4|edition=2nd|location=Delhi|oclc=500577258}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Malshe, V. C.|title=Basics of paint technology. Part 2: for undergraduate students and industrial practitioners|others=Sikchi, Meenal A.|year=2008 |isbn=978-81-903298-4-2|edition=First|location=Mumbai, India|oclc=905247395}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Tadros, Tharwat F.|title=Formulation Science and Technology. Volume 4, Agrochemicals, paints and coatings and food colloids|date=22 May 2018 |isbn=978-3-11-058800-2|location=Berlin|oclc=1037980115}}</ref>
* Soap
* Textile
* Paper
* Food<ref name=FoodEmul /><ref>{{Cite book|title=Practical handbook of soybean processing and utilization|others=Erickson, David R.|date=25 August 2015 |isbn=978-0-12-804551-0|location=Champaign, Illinois|oclc=919719609}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Berk, Zeki|title=Citrus fruit processing|date=5 July 2016 |isbn=978-0-12-803148-3|location=London, United Kingdom|oclc=953455849}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Saravacos, George D.|title=Handbook of food processing equipment|others=Kostaropoulos, A. E.|date=29 December 2015 |isbn=978-3-319-25020-5|edition=Second|location=Cham|oclc=933900288}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Berk, Zeki|title=Food process engineering and technology|date=13 February 2018 |isbn=978-0-12-812054-5|edition=Third|location=London|oclc=1023575296}}</ref>
*Grease<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pirro, Don M., 1955-|title=Lubrication fundamentals|date=2001|publisher=Marcel Dekker|others=Wessol, A. A., Wills, J. George|isbn=0-585-40441-0|edition=2nd, revised and expanded|location=New York|oclc=62794319}}</ref>

== Rotor - stator construction ==
A colloidal mill consist of a high speed rotor and stator with a conical milling surfaces

* 1 stage toothed
* 3 stage toothed

== Execution ==

* fix gap 
* adjustable gap

==References==
<references>

<ref name=remington>{{cite book|title=Remington: The science and practice of pharmacy|year=2005|publisher=Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=9780781746731|page=764|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFGSSSbaWjwC&q=%22colloid+mill%22&pg=PA764|edition=21st|editor=David B. Troy|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>
<ref name=FoodEmul>{{cite book|last=McClements|first=David Julian|title=Food emulsions: principles, practice, and techniques|year=1999|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, Fla.|isbn=9780849380082|page=172|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=huCSbPwyvBoC&q=%22colloid+mill%22&pg=PA172|edition=2nd}}</ref>
<ref name=cosmetic>{{cite book|title=Handbook of Cosmetic Science and Technology|year=2001|publisher=Informa Healthcare|location=Hoboken|isbn=9780824741396|page=663|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3dzCrVrGuigC&q=%22colloid+mill%22+cosmetic&pg=PA663|editor1=André O. Barel |editor2=Marc Paye |editor3=Howard I. Maibach |access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref>

</references>

==See also==
*[Homogenization (chemistry)](/source/Homogenization_(chemistry))

{{DEFAULTSORT:Colloid Mill}}
Category:Chemical equipment

{{Tech-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Colloid mill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid_mill) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid_mill?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.