# Colias erate > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Colias_erate > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Colias_erate.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colias_erate > Source revision: 1331292530 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Species of butterfly}} {{Speciesbox | name = Eastern pale clouded yellow | image = Colias erate poliographus　sep01 edited.png | image_caption = ''C. e. poliographus'' | taxon = Colias erate | authority = ([Esper](/source/Eugenius_Johann_Christoph_Esper), 1805) | synonyms = *''Papilio erate'' Esper, 1803 *''Colias electo'' ab. ''kostlani'' Strand, 1911 *''Colias erate marnoana'' f. ''solilucis'' Berger, 1953 *''Colias erate marnoana'' f. ''androides'' Storace, 1956 *''Colias neriene'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1823 *''Colias afghana'' O. Bang-Haas, 1927 *''Colias albida'' Rühl, 1893 *''Colias androconiata'' Jachontov, 1910 *''Colias beckeri'' Gerhard, 1882 *''Colias erate edusoides'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias erate benesignata'' Sheljuzhko, 1913 *''Colias chryseis'' Röber, 1907 *''Colias chrysodona'' Boisduval, 1840 *''Colias chrysohyaleoides'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias chrysopallida'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias chrysothemoides'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias citronea'' Mezger, 1932 *''Colias conjuncta'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias costaenigrata'' Mezger, 1932 *''Colias diffusa'' Verity, 1908 *''Colias flavomaculata'' Mezger, 1932 *''Colias garica'' Verity, 1911 *''Colias helichta'' Lederer, 1853 *''Colias helichta'' Talbot, 1935 *''Colias erate erate'' f. ''androconiata'' Jachontov, 1910 *''Colias hyaleoides'' Grum-Grshimailo, 1890 *''Colias erate'' ab. ''maculigena'' Avinoff, 1910 *''Colias pallida'' Staudinger, 1861 *''Colias parva'' Rühl, 1893 *''Colias semifaillaei'' Pionneau, 1928 *''Colias unimaculata'' Pionneau, 1928 *''Colias chrysocoma'' Grum-Grshimailo, 1893 *''Colias hera'' Grum-Grshimailo, 1893 *''Colias erate gigantea'' Verity, 1911 *''Colias erate tania'' Hemming, 1933 *''Colias glicia'' Fruhstorfer, 1910 *''Colias kachgarica'' Verity, 1911 *''Colias poliographus'' Motschulsky, 1860 *''Colias simoda'' de l'Orza, 1869 *''Colias immamis'' Verity, 1911 *''Colias murina'' Fruhstorfer, 1910 *''Colias napata'' Fruhstorfer, 1910 *''Colias pyxagathus'' Fruhstorfer, 1910 *''Colias hyale zuzuki'' Matsumura, 1908 *''Colias tokotana'' Bryk, 1942 }} '''''Colias erate''''', commonly known as the '''eastern pale clouded yellow''', is a species of [butterfly](/source/butterfly) in the family [Pieridae](/source/Pieridae). It is found from south-eastern Europe, through Turkey over Central Asia up to Japan and Taiwan. To the south, its range stretches to Somalia and Ethiopia. The species was first described by [Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper](/source/Eugenius_Johann_Christoph_Esper) in 1805.{{cite web |last=Savela |first=Markku |url=http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/pieridae/coliadinae/colias/#erate |title=''Colias erate'' (Esper, 1805) |website=Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms |access-date=July 1, 2018}} {{Cite book|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287980260|title=A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India |last1=Varshney |first1=R.K. |last2=Smetacek|first2=Peter|publisher=Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi|year=2015|isbn=978-81-929826-4-9|location=New Delhi|pages=23|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164}} The butterfly flies in May to September in two generations. The larvae feed on various ''[Fabaceae](/source/Fabaceae)'' species, such as ''[Medicago sativa](/source/Medicago_sativa)'' and ''[Medicago](/source/Medicago)'', ''[Trifolium](/source/Trifolium)'', ''[Onobrychis](/source/Onobrychis)'' and ''[Melilotus](/source/Melilotus)'' species. ==Subspecies== *''C. e. erate'' (Ukraine, Turkey, Lebanon, Bulgaria, Romania, Macedonia, Greece, Hungary, Austria, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kirhizia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan) *''C. e. amdensis'' Verity, 1911 (China: Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan) *''C. e. marnoana'' Rogenhofer, 1884 (Sudan, Ethiopia, south-western Arabia) *''C. e. sinensis'' Verity, 1911 (Mandschuria, North Korea) *''C. e. formosana'' Shirôzu, 1955 (Taiwan) *''C. e. lativitta'' Moore, 1882 (Nepal, northern India) *''C. e. poliographus'' Motschulsky, 1860 (Mongolia, Japan, Amur, Ussuri, Sakhalin, Tian Shan) *''C. e. tomarias'' Bryk, 1942 (Kuriles) *''C. e. naukratis'' Fruhstorfer, 1909 (Altai, southern Siberia, Transbaikalia) *''[C. e. nilagiriensis](/source/Nilgiri_clouded_yellow)'' C. & R. Felder, 1859 (southern India) ==Description== {{Entomology glossary hatnote}} The [wingspan](/source/wingspan) is 23–26 mm. the Central Asian butterflies are generally larger than European ones. ''C. erate'' has slightly more pointed wingtips than related species. Like most ''Colias'' species, ''Colias erate'' has yellow ground colouration. Females with whitish tinged wings are sometimes found in Europe and predominate in Central Asia. The butterflies are extremely variable in their colouring and therefore very difficult to distinguish from similar species of the same genus. The wing tops are lemon yellow in color and have a broad black colored outer edge. Around the wing tip, the black also runs towards the leading edge. In the males the black is strong and only with little or no yellow submarginal spots interspersed, in the females it is pale and moreover includes several such spots. Approximately in the middle of the forewing, slightly offset from the front edge, there is a small black spot. The upper sides of the hind wings are also colored lemon yellow, but lightly dusted with dark. A large part of the outer edge is also darkly edged,but not as broadly. In the females, the black is again significantly paler and in places interrupted by yellow. There is an orange spot in the middle of the wing. The undersides of both pairs of wings are more strongly coloured yellow and slightly dusted with dark olive green. The entire edge is finely reddish edged. The black spot on the forewings is also found on the underside along with a few other submarginal spots along the outer edge. Instead of the orange spot, there is a lighter, reddish-edged spot on the hind wings, bordered by another very small spot. The dark row of submarginal spots on the forewings continues on the outer edge of the hindwings, but is only faintly discernible. Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Rilley: ''The Butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa'' (A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe). Paul Parey Publishers, 1971, ISBN 3-490-02418-4 . [Frederic Moore](/source/Frederic_Moore) (1882) gives a detailed description for C. e. lativitta: {{blockquote|'''Male'''. Yellow: fore wing with a broad unspotted blackish band,the inner border of which is angulated inward at the upper median vein; the band very sparsely yellow-speckled on the anterior veins; discocellular spot large, black: hind wing with a broad blackish crenulated band and a large orange-yellow discocellular spot. Underside olivaceous yellow: fore wing with a black discocellular spot and a distinct discal row of spots: hind wing with a moderate-sized dull pearly-white red-bordered discocellular spot. '''Female'''. Yellow, or white; the band on fore wing broader than in male, and with not very prominent upper and lower yellow spots; the discocellular spot distinct: hind wing darker, with broad marginal band traversed inwardly by large ill-defined yellow spots; discocellular spot brighter red. Expanse 1 5/8 to 2 2/8 inches.|[Frederic Moore](/source/Frederic_Moore){{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofgen82zool#page/255/mode/1up|title=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London|last=Moore|first=Frederic|author-link=Frederic Moore|year=1882|pages=255}}}}}} ==Gallery== File:Colias erate erate male 05 ventral side MNHU.jpg|''C. e. erate'' ventral view (male) File:Colias erate erate male 02 dorsal side MNHU.jpg|''C. e. erate'' dorsal view (male) File:Colias erate erate female 02 ventral side MNHU.jpg|''C. e. erate'' ventral view (female) File:Colias erate and Taraxacum.JPG|From Japan File:Colias erate and Rhododendron albrechtii in Mount Nogo 2011-06-12.jpg|Feeding on nectar of ''[Rhododendron albrechtii](/source/Rhododendron_albrechtii)'' ==Cited references== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons}} * [http://rusinsects.com/c-polio.htm Russian Insects ''poliographus'' Motschulsky, 1860] * [http://www.lepiforum.de/cgi-bin/lepiwiki.pl?Colias_Erate www.lepiforum.de - taxonomy and photos] * [http://www.schmetterling-raupe.de/art/erate.htm www.schmetterling-raupe.de] * [http://www.leps.it/indexjs.htm?SpeciesPages/ColiaErate.htm Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930152511/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=84703 Fauna Europaea] {{Taxonbar|from=Q135023}} erate Category:Butterflies of Japan Category:Butterflies described in 1805 Category:Butterflies of Europe Category:Butterflies of Taiwan Category:Taxa named by Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Colias erate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colias_erate) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colias_erate?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.