# Colditz

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Colditz
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Colditz.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colditz
> Source revision: 1351150643
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

For other uses, see [Colditz (disambiguation)](/source/Colditz_(disambiguation)).

Town in Saxony, Germany

Colditz Town Town and castle Coat of arms Location of Colditz within Leipzig district Location of Colditz Colditz Show map of Germany Colditz Show map of Saxony Coordinates: 51°07′45″N 12°48′25″E / 51.12917°N 12.80694°E / 51.12917; 12.80694 Country Germany State Saxony District Leipzig Subdivisions 4 Government • Mayor (2018–25) Robert Zillmann[1] (Ind.) Area • Total 84.09 km2 (32.47 sq mi) Elevation 156 m (512 ft) Population (2024-12-31)[2] • Total 8,249 • Density 98.10/km2 (254.1/sq mi) Time zone UTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST) UTC+02:00 (CEST) Postal codes 04680 Dialling codes 034381 Vehicle registration L, BNA, GHA, GRM, MTL, WUR Website www.colditz.de

**Colditz** (German pronunciation: [\[ˈkɔldɪts\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German) [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:De-Colditz.ogg)) is a small town in the district of [Leipzig](/source/Leipzig_(district)), in [Saxony](/source/Saxony), [Germany](/source/Germany). It is best known for [Colditz Castle](/source/Colditz_Castle), the site of the [Oflag IV-C](/source/Oflag_IV-C) [POW camp](/source/Prisoner-of-war_camp) for officers in [World War II](/source/World_War_II).

## Geography

Colditz is situated in the [Leipzig Bay](/source/Leipzig_Bay), southeast of the city of [Leipzig](/source/Leipzig). The town centre is located on the banks of [Zwickau Mulde](/source/Zwickau_Mulde) river, south of its confluence with the [Freiberg Mulde](/source/Freiberger_Mulde). The municipality had a population of 8,374 in 2020.

The town Colditz consists of Colditz proper and the *Ortsteile* (divisions) Bockwitz, Collmen, Commichau, Erlbach, Erlln, Hausdorf, Hohnbach, Kaltenborn, Koltzschen, [Lastau](/source/Lastau), Leisenau, Maaschwitz, Meuselwitz, Möseln, Podelwitz, Raschütz, Schönbach, Sermuth, Skoplau, Tanndorf, Terpitzsch, Zollwitz, [Zschadraß](/source/Zschadra%C3%9F), Zschetzsch and Zschirla.[3]

## History

Colditz Castle on the Mulde river

The first record of a [burgward](/source/Burgward) on the Mulde river, called *Cholidistcha*, dates to the year 1046,[4] when Emperor [Henry III](/source/Henry_III%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) dedicated it to his consort [Agnes of Poitou](/source/Agnes_of_Poitou). The name is possibly of [Slavic](/source/Polabian_Slavs) origin.

In 1083, Henry's son and successor [Henry IV](/source/Henry_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) recommended that his follower Count [Wiprecht of Groitzsch](/source/Wiprecht_of_Groitzsch) build a castle on the cliff above the river. From 1158, under the rule of Emperor [Frederick Barbarossa](/source/Frederick_I%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor), the fortress became the residence of the noble [House of Colditz](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colditz_(Adelsgeschlecht)), a dynasty of *[ministeriales](/source/Ministerialis)* in the Imperial [Pleissnerland](/source/Pleissnerland) territory. In the 12th century, merchant houses were built around a marketplace below the castle and St. Nicholas' Church was built. In 1265, the Colditz citizens were granted [town privileges](/source/German_town_law) by the ruler.

In 1243, the former Imperial estates were pledged to the [Wettin](/source/House_of_Wettin) margrave [Henry III of Meissen](/source/Henry_III%2C_Margrave_of_Meissen). His grandson, Margrave [Frederick I of Meissen](/source/Frederick_I%2C_Margrave_of_Meissen) occupied Colditz Castle in 1309. The whole lordship was finally incorporated into the [Margravate of Meissen](/source/Margravate_of_Meissen) by 1404. Merged into the [Electorate of Saxony](/source/Electorate_of_Saxony) from 1423, Colditz was held by Elector [Ernest](/source/Ernest%2C_Elector_of_Saxony) upon the 1485 [Treaty of Leipzig](/source/Treaty_of_Leipzig).

In 1504, the local baker accidentally set Colditz on fire, and the city hall, church, castle and a large part of the town went up in flames. In 1506, reconstruction began and new buildings were raised around the rear castle courtyard. After the defeat of Elector [John Frederick I of Saxony](/source/John_Frederick_I%2C_Elector_of_Saxony) in the [Schmalkaldic War](/source/Schmalkaldic_War) of 1546–47, the town passed to his cousin [Maurice](/source/Maurice%2C_Elector_of_Saxony). His descendants continued to rebuild Colditz Castle as a hunting lodge. From 1602 to 1622, it served as the residence of Dowager Electress [Sophie](/source/Sophie_of_Brandenburg), widow of Elector [Christian I](/source/Christian_I%2C_Elector_of_Saxony).

In the 17th century, the cloth and linen manufacture developed. In the 18th century, clay from the Colditz area started to be used in the [Meissen porcelain](/source/Meissen_porcelain) factory that was established in 1710 by Elector [Augustus the Strong](/source/Augustus_the_Strong). In 1804 a ceramics factory was established in Colditz by Thomsberger & Hermann.

Allied officers at Colditz Castle (1941)

In the [Nazi](/source/Nazi_Germany) era, Colditz Castle was temporarily used as a [concentration camp](/source/Nazi_concentration_camps) by the [SA](/source/Sturmabteilung) and as a *[Reichsarbeitsdienst](/source/Reichsarbeitsdienst)* camp. During the Second World War, the town did not suffer any damage. In 1940, the town became the headquarters of the German military district [Wehrkreis IV](/source/Wehrkreis_IV) for personnel guarding an *[Oflag](/source/Oflag)* POW camp for officers, when Oflag IV-C was established in the castle. It became widely known after the war, for both its notable inmates (*Prominente*), such as [Giles Romilly](/source/Giles_Romilly) or [George Lascelles](/source/George_Lascelles%2C_7th_Earl_of_Harewood), and several escape attempts.

On 14 April 1945, the U.S. Army entered the town and freed the prisoners. However, under agreements signed at the [Yalta Conference](/source/Yalta_Conference), the Americans withdrew and were replaced by [Soviet](/source/Red_Army) occupation forces late in June 1945. As a result, Colditz and the entire state of Saxony became part of [East Germany](/source/East_Germany). In 1958, the [publicly owned](/source/Volkseigener_Betrieb) porcelain factory was established. It produced a major part of the dishes used by [Mitropa](/source/Mitropa), as evident by the manufacturer's logo "cp". Both the porcelain and chamotte industries went into decline after 1990.[5]

Since [German reunification](/source/German_reunification) in 1990, efforts have been made to increase visits by tourists. The castle was restored and has become a much visited museum.[6] The great [flood of August 2002](/source/2002_European_floods) as well as the [flood of 2013](/source/2013_European_floods) caused some damage to the old town, but it has since been restored.

## Sights

- [Colditz Castle](/source/Colditz_Castle)

- St. Nicholas Church – Originally built in the middle of the 12th century.

- Old Marketplace – *Markt*, the houses at #13 and #21 were built around 1600.[7]

- Lower Market #3 – *Untermarkt 3* – a Gothic house with steep gabled roof with date 1564.

- [Johann David Köhler](/source/Johann_David_K%C3%B6hler) house – the grandfather of information science and a grandfather of library science was born here 16 January 1684.

## Transport

The nearest airports are [Leipzig-Altenburg Airport](/source/Leipzig-Altenburg_Airport) (26 km) and [Leipzig/Halle Airport](/source/Leipzig%2FHalle_Airport) (52 km). Traffic on the section of the [Glauchau-Großbothen railway line](/source/Glauchau%E2%80%93Wurzen_railway), which ran through Colditz, ceased in 2000. Public transport is provided by buses, with services to [Grimma](/source/Grimma), [Leisnig](/source/Leisnig), [Hartha](/source/Hartha), [Rochlitz](/source/Rochlitz), and [Bad Lausick](/source/Bad_Lausick), as well as to several villages in the vicinity.[8]

## Wartime dramatisations

The story of the wartime prisoners at [Oflag IV-C](/source/Oflag_IV-C) was documented by [Patrick Robert ("Pat") Reid](/source/Pat_Reid) in his books *The Colditz Story* and *The Latter Days At Colditz*, and the former was used as the basis for a 1955 film directed by [Guy Hamilton](/source/Guy_Hamilton). In the early 1970s the BBC broadcast a series, *[Colditz](/source/Colditz_(1972_TV_series))*, created by [Brian Degas](/source/Brian_Degas) and [Gerard Glaister](/source/Gerard_Glaister), with Reid as technical advisor. In 1973 the TV comedy series [The Two Ronnies](/source/The_Two_Ronnies) shot a sketch "Colditz" featuring [Ronnie Corbett](/source/Ronnie_Corbett) in the role of the new detainee and [Ronnie Barker](/source/Ronnie_Barker) as camp commandant. Beginning in 1973 a board game [Escape from Colditz](/source/Escape_from_Colditz) was marketed by [Parker Brothers](/source/Parker_Brothers), followed by a computer game in 1991.

## Notable people

### From the city

Johann David Koehler 1720

- [Johann David Köhler](/source/Johann_David_K%C3%B6hler) (1684–1755), historian and numismatic

- [Paul Nitsche](/source/Paul_Nitsche) (1876–1948), psychiatrist and one of the men responsible for the medical murders during the Nazi era, executed for crimes against humanity

- [Ernst Bergmann](/source/Ernst_Bergmann_(philosopher)) (1881–1945), professor of philosophy and pedagogy and proponent of a new German national religion.

- [Werner Gruner](/source/Werner_Gruner) (1904–1995), mechanical engineer and university lecturer

- [Jürgen Schumann](/source/J%C3%BCrgen_Schumann) (1940–1977), pilot of the [Lufthansa](/source/Lufthansa), victim of the [Red Army Faction](/source/Red_Army_Faction)

- [Clemens Pickel](/source/Clemens_Pickel) (born 1961), bishop of the diocese of Saratov in Russia

### Others related to the city

- [Christian Führer](/source/Christian_F%C3%BChrer) (1943–2014), priest in Colditz from 1968 to 1980, an initiator of the peaceful revolution in the GDR as pastor of the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig

- [Ernest, Elector of Saxony](/source/Ernest%2C_Elector_of_Saxony) (1441–1486), died on 26 August 1486 near Colditz, when he fell from his horse on a ride

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Bürgermeisterwahlen 2018](https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlen/bm/BM2001-2018/B%fcrgermeisterwahlen%202001-2018/wahlen.statistik.sachsen.de/wahlarchiv/pkg_w04_nav5c95.html), Freistaat Sachsen, accessed 10 July 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Bevölkerung der Gemeinden Sachsens am 31. Dezember 2024 – Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 15. Mai 2022 (Gebietsstand 01.01.2024)"](https://www.statistik.sachsen.de/html/bevoelkerungsstand-einwohner.html) (in German). [Statistisches Landesamt des Freistaates Sachsen](/source/Statistisches_Landesamt_des_Freistaates_Sachsen).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Ortsteile](https://www.colditz.de/seite/300556/ortsteile.html), Stadt Colditz, accessed 12 October 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-colditz.de_4-0)** ["Geschichte"](http://www.colditz.de/seite/288899/geschichte.html). Stadt Colditz. Retrieved 9 March 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Das weisse Gold"](http://www.zweimuldenland.de/weissesgold/Das-weisse-Gold.html). Tourist-Information Colditz. 15 May 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Visiting Colditz Castle](http://www.schloss-colditz.com/index.php?langswitch=eng)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Geschichte"](http://www.colditz.de/seite/288899/geschichte.html). Stadt Colditz. Retrieved 8 March 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Liniennetz Landkreis Leipzig, Region Muldental"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170305200137/https://www.mdv.de/site/uploads/LNP_muldental.pdf) (PDF). Mitteldeutscher Verkehrsverbund. 11 December 2016. Archived from [the original](https://www.mdv.de/site/uploads/LNP_muldental.pdf) (PDF) on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 8 March 2017. 2016 map of bus services in the area

- Michael Booker, *Collecting Colditz and Its Secrets*, page 32.

- Eric J. Narveson, *Prison Citadel*, pp. 36–37.

- [Pat Reid](/source/Pat_Reid), *Colditz: The Full Story*, pp. 124, 259–263.

- [Georg Martin Schädlich](/source/Georg_Martin_Sch%C3%A4dlich), *Tales from Colditz Castle*, pp. 4–6, 27, 61, 63, 91–101.

- [Colditz](http://hov.isgv.de/Colditz) in the Digital Historic Index of Places in Saxony (*Digitales Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen*)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Colditz](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colditz).

- [Official website](http://www.colditz.de) (in German)

- ["Exposé on Colditz Castle: Description of the Building"](https://web.archive.org/web/20050921164757/http://www.colditz.de/data/include_tourismus/schloss_colditz/objekt_eng.php). Stadt Colditz. Archived from [the original](http://www.colditz.de/data/include_tourismus/schloss_colditz/objekt_eng.php) on 21 September 2005.

- [Visiting information for Colditz Castle](http://www.schloss-colditz.com/index.php?langswitch=eng)

- [German army records](http://www.lexikon-der-wehrmacht.de/Gliederungen/Kriegsgefangenenlager/Offizierslager-R.htm) indicate the camp was in existence from September 1939 until April 1945.

- [VirtualColditz.com](http://www.virtualcolditz.com) — Videos and photos of Colditz Castle as it is today.

Places adjacent to Colditz Grimma Leisnig Bad Lausick Colditz Hartha Königsfeld Zettlitz Geringswalde

v t e Colditz Colditz Castle Oflag IV-C Attempts to escape Oflag IV-C List of attempts to escape Oflag IV-C Bibliography of Colditz Castle

v t e Towns and municipalities in Leipzig (district) Bad Lausick Belgershain Bennewitz Böhlen Borna Borsdorf Brandis Colditz Elstertrebnitz Frohburg Geithain Grimma Groitzsch Großpösna Kitzscher Lossatal Machern Markkleeberg Markranstädt Naunhof Neukieritzsch Otterwisch Parthenstein Pegau Regis-Breitingen Rötha Thallwitz Trebsen Wurzen Zwenkau

Authority control databases International VIAF GND WorldCat National United States France BnF data Czech Republic Israel Geographic MusicBrainz area Other Yale LUX

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Colditz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colditz) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colditz?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.