# Coelastrella
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{{Short description|Genus of algae}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Coelastrella striolata.jpg
| image_caption = ''Coelastrella striolata''
| taxon = Coelastrella
| authority = Chodat
| type_species = ''Coelastrella striolata''
| type_species_authority = Chodat[{{AlgaeBase genus | id=45299 | name=Coelastrella |access-date=2024-11-29 }}]
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision =
* ''[Coelastrella aeroterrestrica](/source/Coelastrella_aeroterrestrica)''
* ''[Coelastrella multistriata](/source/Coelastrella_multistriata)''
* ''[Coelastrella saipanensis](/source/Coelastrella_saipanensis)''
* ''[Coelastrella striolata](/source/Coelastrella_striolata)''
* ''[Coelastrella terrestris](/source/Coelastrella_terrestris)''
| synonyms =
* ''Scotiellopsis'' Vinatzer
}}
'''''Coelastrella''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [green algae](/source/green_algae) in the family [Scenedesmaceae](/source/Scenedesmaceae).[See the [NCBI](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=75800 webpage on Coelastrella]. Data extracted from the {{cite web | url=https://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/taxonomy/ | title=NCBI taxonomy resources | publisher=[National Center for Biotechnology Information](/source/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information) | access-date=2007-03-19}}] It is currently classified in the subfamily [Coelastroideae](/source/Coelastroideae).[
''Coelastrella'' consists of solitary cells or clusters of a few cells. Cells are spherical to ellipsoidal or lemon-shaped, and are surrounded by a hyaline or brownish [cell wall](/source/cell_wall) with 4 to 40 longitudinal striations.][ Cells contain numerous conspicuous [vacuole](/source/vacuole)s. Each cell contains one [nucleus](/source/cell_nucleus)][{{cite journal|doi= 10.1007/s11274-020-02897-0|title= Revision of ''Coelastrella'' (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) and first register of this green coccoid microalga for continental Norway|date= 2020|last1= Goecke|first1= F.|last2= Noda|first2= J.|last3= Paliocha|first3= M.|last4= Gislerød|first4= H. R.|journal= World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology|volume= 36|issue= 10|page= 149|pmid= 32914262|pmc= 7496060|s2cid= 221620519}}] and a single parietal [chloroplast](/source/chloroplast), each with one [pyrenoid](/source/pyrenoid). When mature, cultures may form a deep red color due to the presence of pigments in the cells.[{{cite book | title= Gêneros de Algas de Águas Continentais do Brasil: chave para identificação e descrições | edition=2 | year=2006 | first1=Carlos E. M. |last1=Bicudo | first2=Mariângela | last2= Menezes | publisher= RiMa Editora | pages=508 | isbn= 857656064X }}]
A distinctive identifying feature of ''Coelastrella'' are the longitudinal striations on the cell walls. These are often only visible under [scanning electron microscopy](/source/scanning_electron_microscopy) (SEM).[ Due to the scarcity of morphological characteristics visible under light microscopy, species of this genus have generally been overlooked.][
''Coelastrella'' reproduces [asexually](/source/asexual_reproduction) by the formation of [autospore](/source/autospore)s, which are released by a tear in the mother cell wall. ''Coelastrella'' has not been observed to undergo sexual reproduction, or exhibit life stages with [flagella](/source/flagella).][
==Habitat==
''Coelastrella'' species are distributed all around the world, from the tropics to the poles. They mostly occupy aerophytic habitats, such as soils, tree trunks, and on rocks. They also inhabit freshwater habitats. One strain of ''Coelastrella'' is [thermotolerant](/source/Thermotolerance) and can withstand temperatures of 50 °C for over eight hours.][{{cite journal|doi= 10.1007/s13399-022-02519-9|title= Biorefinery potential of ''Coelastrella'' biomass for fuel and bioproducts—a review|date= 2022|last1= Nayana|first1= K.|last2= Sudhakar|first2= M. P.|last3= Arunkumar|first3= K.|journal= Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|s2cid= 247606381}}]
==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Coelastrella'' includes species formerly included in the genus ''Scotiellopsis''.[{{cite journal | doi=10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0116 | title=The demise of the genus ''Scotiellopsis'' Vinatzer (Chlorophyta) | date=2013 | last1=Kaufnerová | first1=Veronika | last2=Eliáš | first2=Marek | journal=Nova Hedwigia | volume=97 | issue=3–4 | pages=415–428 | url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=9fc0566ec46af4661632a338000d2a9fce76a44b | url-access=subscription }}] Species classified ''Scotiella'' were distinguished by their lemon-shaped cells and fewer longitudinal ribs. However, molecular data demonstrated that the two genera were conspecific.[ The taxonomic status of one species, ''Scotiellopsis levicostata'', is unclear because there is no known [strain](/source/strain_(biology)) for this species.][
==Biotechnology==
''Coelastrella'' strains are the subject of recent research, because they produce high amounts of useful compounds. ''Coelastrella'' is typically grown on Bold's basal medium (BBM). Examples of useful products of ''Coelastrella'' species include [carotenoid](/source/carotenoid)s suchas [astaxanthin](/source/astaxanthin), or lipids such as [linoleic acid](/source/linoleic_acid). The lipids may also be used for [bioenergy](/source/bioenergy) purposes.][
In addition to chemical production, ''Coelastrella'' has capacity for [bioremediation](/source/bioremediation) or wastewater treatment.][
==References==
{{Reflist|1}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5140587}}
Category:Sphaeropleales genera
Category:Sphaeropleales
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Coelastrella](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelastrella) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelastrella?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
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