# Cluj County > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cluj_County > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Cluj_County.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj_County > Source revision: 1345112083 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|County of Romania}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Cluj County | native_name = {{native name|ro|Județul Cluj}} | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [County](/source/Counties_of_Romania) | image_skyline = {{multiple image | total_width = 290 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Cluj-Napoca (Biserica Romano-Catolică Sfântul Mihail) (cropped).jpg | caption1 = [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca) | image2 = Salina Turda (panorama), Cluj, RO (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [Salina Turda](/source/Salina_Turda) | image3 = Autostrada A3 (1) (cropped).JPG | caption3 = [A3 Motorway](/source/A3_motorway_(Romania)) | image4 = Pietrele Albe (cropped).jpg | caption4 = Pietrele Albe, [Apuseni Mountains](/source/Apuseni_Mountains) }} | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Cluj flag.webp | flag_alt = | image_seal = | seal_alt = | image_shield = 65px | shield_alt = | etymology = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = Cluj in Romania.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = Location within Romania | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|46|43|N|23|32|E|type:adm1st_region:RO|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [Romania](/source/Romania) | subdivision_type1 = [Historical region](/source/Historical_regions_of_Romania) | subdivision_name1 = [Transylvania](/source/Transylvania) | subdivision_type2 = [Development region](/source/Development_regions_of_Romania) | subdivision_name2 = [Nord-Vest](/source/Nord-Vest_(development_region)) | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | seat_type = Capital | seat = [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca) | government_footnotes = | government_type = County Council | leader_party = [PNL](/source/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)) | leader_title = President of the County Council | leader_name = {{ill|Alin Tișe|ro}} | leader_title1 = Prefect | leader_name1 = {{ill|Irina Munteanu|ro}} | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_urban_footnotes = | area_rural_footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_note = | area_water_percent = | area_rank = [12th](/source/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_area) | area_blank1_title = | area_blank2_title = | area_total_km2 = 6674 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = | area_rural_km2 = | area_metro_km2 = | area_blank1_km2 = | area_blank2_km2 = | area_total_ha = | area_land_ha = | area_water_ha = | area_urban_ha = | area_rural_ha = | area_metro_ha = | area_blank1_ha = | area_blank2_ha = | length_km = | width_km = | dimensions_footnotes = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}} | population_as_of = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}} | population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}} | population_rank = [4th](/source/List_of_Romanian_counties_by_population) | population_density_km2 = auto | population_note = | population_demonym = Clujean (male)
Clujeancă (female) | timezone1 = [EET](/source/Eastern_European_Time) | utc_offset1 = +2 | timezone1_DST = [EEST](/source/Eastern_European_Summer_Time) | utc_offset1_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = [Postal code](/source/List_of_postal_codes_in_Romania) | postal_code = 40wxyz1 | area_code_type = | area_code = [+40 x64](/source/Romania_telephone_area_codes)2 | iso_code = | blank_name = [Car plate](/source/Romanian_car_number_plates) | blank_info = CJ3 | blank1_name = GDP nominal | blank1_info = US$22.001 billion (''2025'') | blank2_name = GDP/[capita](/source/capita) | blank2_info = US$32,395 (''2025'') | website = [https://cjcluj.ro/ County Council]
[https://cj.prefectura.mai.gov.ro/ County Prefecture] }} '''Cluj County''' ({{IPA|ro|kluʒ|-|Ro-Cluj.ogg}}) is a county ({{lang|ro|[județ](/source/jude%C8%9B)}}) of [Romania](/source/Romania), in [Transylvania](/source/Transylvania). Its seat is [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca). ==Name== In [Hungarian](/source/Hungarian_language) it is known as ''Kolozs megye''. Under the [Kingdom of Hungary](/source/Kingdom_of_Hungary), a county with an identical name ([Kolozs County](/source/Kolozs_County), {{langx|ro|Comitatul Cluj}}) existed since the 11th century. == Geography == {{Romanian counties map}} Cluj County lies in the northwestern half of the country, between parallels 47°28' in north and 46°24' in south, meridians 23°39' in west and 24°13' in east, respectively. It covers an area of {{cvt|6674|km2}} unfolded in the contact zone of three representative natural units: the [Apuseni Mountains](/source/Apuseni_Mountains), the [Someș Plateau](/source/Transylvanian_Plateau), and the [Transylvanian Plain](/source/Transylvanian_Plain). Cluj County is the 12th largest in the country and occupies 2.8% of Romania's area. It is bordered to the northeast with [Maramureș](/source/Maramure%C8%99_County) and [Bistrița-Năsăud](/source/Bistri%C8%9Ba-N%C4%83s%C4%83ud_County) counties, to the east with [Mureș County](/source/Mure%C8%99_County), to the south with [Alba County](/source/Alba_County), and to the west with [Bihor](/source/Bihor_County) and [Sălaj](/source/S%C4%83laj_County) counties. ===Neighbours=== * [Maramureș County](/source/Maramure%C8%99_County) and [Bistrița-Năsăud County](/source/Bistri%C8%9Ba-N%C4%83s%C4%83ud_County) in the Northeast. * [Mureș County](/source/Mure%C8%99_County) in the East. * [Alba County](/source/Alba_County) in the South. * [Bihor County](/source/Bihor_County) and [Sălaj County](/source/S%C4%83laj_County) in the West. === Relief === [[File:Cheile Turzii-(59).JPG|thumb|200px|[Turda Gorge](/source/Turda_Gorge)]] thumb|200px|Pietrele Albe, Vlădeasa Massif The relief is rugged, constituted mostly of hilly units belonging to Someș Plateau and, to a lesser extent, of mountain portions that represent the northeastern part of Apuseni Mountains. Fields are missing on the territory of Cluj County, being replaced, as step of relief, by well-developed terraces and floodplains in the lower sectors of the [Someșul Mic](/source/Some%C8%99ul_Mic) and [Arieș](/source/Arie%C8%99) rivers. The hilly area, extended in the central northern and southern part of the county, include several subunits of the Someș Plateau (Cluj, [Feleacu](/source/Feleacu), [Dej](/source/Dej) hills), among which are individualized numerous depressions ([Apahida](/source/Apahida), [Bonțida](/source/Bon%C8%9Bida), [Gilău](/source/Gil%C4%83u%2C_Cluj), [Dej](/source/Dej), [Turda](/source/Turda), [Câmpia Turzii](/source/C%C3%A2mpia_Turzii)), at the edge of which there are some contact depressions ([Huedin](/source/Huedin) and [Iara](/source/Iara%2C_Cluj)), at the limit of the mountain. The mountain sector, located in the southwest, belongs to the Apuseni Mountains, a mountain group of the [Western Carpathians](/source/Western_Carpathians), represented by sectors of Vlădeasa Massif (peak Vlădeasa – 1,836 m), Gilău Mountains, and Muntele Mare, as well as narrow portions of [Trascău](/source/Trasc%C4%83u_Mountains), Plopiș, [Meseș](/source/Mese%C8%99_Mountains), and [Bihor](/source/Bihor_Mountains) mountains. In the eastern part of Cluj County, east of the river alignment Valea Florilor–Maraloiu–Someșul Mic, is located a part of the [Transylvanian Plain](/source/Transylvanian_Plain), a special unit of relief, with mountainous character, partially overlapped by some gas-condensate domes. === Hydrographic network === [[File:ClujNapocaSomeșul Mic.JPG|thumb|left|200px|[Someșul Mic](/source/Some%C8%99ul_Mic) in [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca)]] The hydrographic network is represented by rivers (Someșul Mic with SW–NE direction, whose catchment area is fully developed on the territory of Cluj County, [Crișul Repede](/source/Cri%C8%99ul_Repede), and lower Arieș),{{cite web |url=http://www.rowater.ro/dasomes/sgacluj/Continut%20Site/Acasa/Despre%20Noi.aspx |title=Cadrul natural |work=Cluj Water Management System |language=ro}} natural lakes and ponds (Cătina Popii I and II, [Geaca](/source/Geaca), [Țaga](/source/%C8%9Aaga), etc.) and lakes of hydropower interest (Beliș-Fântânele, [Tarnița](/source/Lake_Tarni%C8%9Ba) and Gilău). In the northeastern part of Cluj County, Someșul Mic joins [Someșul Mare](/source/Some%C8%99ul_Mare), upstream of Dej, forming the [Someș](/source/Some%C8%99), which flows into the [Tisza](/source/Tisza) to the west. The deep waters are less represented and are characterized by high mineralization. Relatively rich mineral springs, with sulphates, calcium and sodium chloride, can be found in [Dezmir](/source/Dezmir), [Cojocna](/source/Cojocna), [Gădălin](/source/Jucu), [Sic](/source/Sic%2C_Cluj), [Gherla](/source/Gherla), [Leghia](/source/Leghia), [Someșeni](/source/Some%C8%99eni), [Turda](/source/Turda), etc.{{cite web |url=http://www.prefecturacluj.ro/judetul-cluj/monografia-judetului-cluj/date-generale |title=Date generale |publisher=Cluj Prefecture |language=ro}} === Climate === {{climate chart | [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca) |-6.5|0.3|24 |-4.7|3.2|20 |-0.6|9.9|22 |3.9|15.0|48 |8.6|20.3|69 |11.3|22.6|95 |12.7|24.5|81 |12.2|24.3|60 |8.9|20.7|36 |3.8|14.6|31 |-0.7|6.3|30 |-4.2|1.8|32 |float=left |clear=right }} Through its location, Cluj County benefits from a moderate [continental climate](/source/continental_climate). In the mountain sector (Vlădeasa Massif and Muntele Mare), the mean annual air temperature is 2 °C, and in the rest of the territory is 6 °C. Annual thermal amplitudes have values between 17 and 19 °C in the mountains and grow at 23–25 °C in hilly areas, plateaus and plains. Rainfall is distributed unevenly, with minimal amounts in Turda–Câmpia Turzii (about 550 mm) and maximum in the Vlădeasa Massif (about 1,400 mm). On average, annual values of rainfall reach 600–650 mm in the Transylvania Plain, 650–700 mm in the Someș Plateau and over 900–1000 mm in mountainous areas. === Natural resources === [[File:Salina Turda - tunel de acces 12.jpg|thumb|200px|Access tunnel in [Turda salt mine](/source/Salina_Turda). The geological reserve is estimated at 38,750 million tonnes of [salt](/source/salt).{{cite web |url=http://salinaturda.eu/salina-turda/ |title=Salina Turda – Un adevărat muzeu al mineritului în sare din Transilvania |work=[Salina Turda](/source/Salina_Turda) |language=ro}}]] Cluj County has rich and varied natural resources. Iron ores came into use in 1962, by exploitations in [Căpușu Mic](/source/C%C4%83pu%C8%99u_Mic) and [Băișoara](/source/B%C4%83i%C8%99oara), being conducted over the years a series of geological explorations in [Vlaha](/source/Vlaha), [Săvădisla](/source/S%C4%83v%C4%83disla) and [Cacova Ierii](/source/Cacova_Ierii). Fossil fuels are represented by [brown coal](/source/brown_coal) exploited in Ticu–Dâncu–Băgara area and [peat](/source/peat), exploited in [Călățele](/source/C%C4%83l%C4%83%C8%9Bele)–Căpățâna sector. Likewise, there is a gas-condensed dome in [Puini](/source/Puini) in the Transylvanian Plain. Besides iron ore and mineral fuels, there is a variety of useful minerals and rocks,{{cite web |url=http://www.zf.ro/suplimente/ce-bogatii-se-ascund-in-subsolurile-romaniei-vedeti-harta-resurselor-naturale-pe-judete-8969607 |title=Ce bogății se ascund în subsolurile României. Vedeți harta resurselor naturale pe județe |newspaper=[Ziarul Financiar](/source/Ziarul_Financiar) |last=Petrescu |first=Roxana |date=14 November 2011 |language=ro}} including: [quartz](/source/quartz) in Muntele Mare and around [Someșul Rece](/source/Some%C8%99ul_Rece) (where can also be found [feldspar](/source/feldspar)), dacites and andesites in Vlădeasa Massif and around [Morlaca](/source/Morlaca), [Bologa](/source/Poieni%2C_Cluj), [Poieni](/source/Turda), [Săcuieu](/source/S%C4%83cuieu), [Stolna](/source/Stolna), and [Iara](/source/Iara%2C_Cluj), granites in Muntele Mare, limestones and dolomites used to fabricate binders ([lime](/source/lime_(material)), [cement](/source/cement)), exploited in [Săndulești](/source/S%C4%83ndule%C8%99ti), [Tureni](/source/Tureni), [Surduc](/source/Surduc), [Buru](/source/Buru%2C_Cluj), [Poieni](/source/Turda), etc., calcareous tuffs of high quality with quarries at Tioc–[Cornești](/source/Corne%C8%99ti%2C_Cluj), [kaolin](/source/kaolin) sands at [Popești](/source/Baciu), Topa, [Băgara](/source/B%C4%83gara), [Gârbău](/source/G%C3%A2rb%C4%83u%2C_Cluj), etc., [salt](/source/salt), with significant reserves at [Ocna Dejului](/source/Ocna_Dejului), [Turda](/source/Turda), [Cojocna](/source/Cojocna), [Sic](/source/Sic%2C_Cluj), [Nireș](/source/Mica%2C_Cluj),{{cite web |url=http://www.monitorulcj.ro/economie/25590-ce-se-ascunde-in-pamantul-clujului |title=Ce se ascunde în pământul Clujului? |work=Monitorul de Cluj |date=1 July 2013 |language=ro}} gravel pits on [Someșul Mic](/source/Some%C8%99ul_Mic) at [Gilău](/source/Gil%C4%83u%2C_Cluj), [Florești](/source/Flore%C8%99ti%2C_Cluj) and on the lower [Arieș](/source/Arie%C8%99). === Vegetation === [[File:Stufărișurile de la Sic, judeţul Cluj.jpg|thumb|200px|Thickets of [Sic](/source/Sic%2C_Cluj)]] The vegetation is heterogeneous and storeyed due to the prevalence of hilly and mountainous relief. A wide range of plant formations can be met in Cluj County. Sub-alpine floor, present in Vlădeasa Massif and Muntele Mare, is characterized by lawns with midget grasses and [juniper](/source/juniper) bushes. The [spruce](/source/spruce) forests floor, expanded on mountain slopes between {{cvt|1000|m}} and {{cvt|1600|m}}, consists predominantly of spruce mixed with [fir](/source/fir), and the [deciduous forest](/source/deciduous_forest)s floor develops on all forms of relief, ranging from 400 to 1,000 m, and consists of [sessile](/source/sessility_(botany)) forests mixed with [beech](/source/beech), [hornbeam](/source/hornbeam), or [elm](/source/elm). On slopes with northern exposure of the [Lonea](/source/Lonea) and [Lujerdiu](/source/Lujerdiu) valleys there develop compact clusters of sessile, hornbeam, [ash](/source/Fraxinus) and elm forests. In the hilly [Transylvanian Plain](/source/Transylvanian_Plain) there appear islands of [steppe](/source/steppe), alternating with patches of forests. === Fauna === The fauna is adapted to vegetation flooring, but less constant to its limits, due to great mobility; it is rich in species. In forests are present numerous animals of cynegetic interest, including [deer](/source/deer), [stag](/source/stag), [bear](/source/bear), [fox](/source/fox), [lynx](/source/lynx), [wild boar](/source/wild_boar), [squirrel](/source/squirrel), and on Someș Valley naturally entered the [muskrat](/source/muskrat). Around artificial lakes live a series of birds ([duck](/source/duck), [coot](/source/coot), [stork](/source/stork)), in the Someș Plateau and Transylvanian Plain was colonized the [pheasant](/source/pheasant), and in [Turda Gorge](/source/Turda_Gorge) area lives the [rock eagle](/source/golden_eagle). Mountain rivers are populated with [trout](/source/trout)s, [graylings](/source/Thymallus_thymallus) and [nase](/source/common_nase)s, and in the lower ones with [barbel](/source/barbel_(fish)) and [chub](/source/chub). == Economy == Cluj has, after Bucharest, the largest number of companies in the country (over 32,000 firms in 2014) and ranks third in net average earnings, with 1,890 lei in December 2013 (Bucharest has 2,474 lei, and Ilfov 2,138 lei);{{cite news |url=http://www.zf.ro/zf-24/cum-arata-economia-judetului-cluj-noua-fabrica-de-antreprenori-a-romaniei-judetul-unde-industria-nu-a-murit-dar-s-a-mutat-din-oras-in-parcurile-industriale-12660155 |title=Cum arată economia județului Cluj, noua "fabrică de antreprenori" a României, judeţul unde industria nu a murit, dar s-a mutat din oraș în parcurile industriale |newspaper=[Ziarul Financiar](/source/Ziarul_Financiar) |last1=Ciriperu |first1=Dana |last2=Mihai |first2=Adelina |date=29 May 2014 |language=ro}} it is almost 5% higher than the national average. Great investors in the automotive industry, but also in IT have increased the average salary of employees, but these wage increases have led to an increase in the cost of living, reflected, for example, through higher rents than in surrounding counties. Over 150,000 people work in Cluj companies, and after their turnover, the county ranks fifth in the Romanian business hierarchy, with €8 billion in 2012, after Bucharest (€81.9 billion), [Ilfov](/source/Ilfov_County) (€13.6 billion), [Argeș](/source/Arge%C8%99_County) (€9.1 billion) and [Timiș](/source/Timi%C8%99_County) (€8.7 billion). The number of registered unemployed at the end of June 2014 was 9,744 people, and the [unemployment rate](/source/unemployment_rate), calculated on the working population, is 2.8%, being 0.6% lower than the unemployment rate in June 2013. In 2015, GDP per capita is +30% more than the national average. Cluj County is the county with the most industrial parks in Romania. Five such functional areas and another in preparation already attracted investment of over half a billion euros and led to the creation of over 5,000 jobs.{{cite web |url=http://www.digi24.ro/Stiri/Digi24/Special/Raport+de+tara/Cluj/RAPORT+DE+TARA+Clujul+judetul+cu+cele+mai+multe+parcuri+industri |title=RAPORT DE ȚARĂ. Clujul, județul cu cele mai multe parcuri industriale din țară |work=[Digi24](/source/Digi24) |date=24 July 2013 |language=ro}} thumb|left|200px|Office building in central Cluj-Napoca [[File:CJROBanci.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[Banca Transilvania](/source/Banca_Transilvania) (right) and [Romanian Commercial Bank](/source/Banca_Comercial%C4%83_Rom%C3%A2n%C4%83)'s regional headquarters (left)]] In June 2014 industrial production increased by 19.6% over the same month in 2013, according to data released by the County Directorate of Statistics.{{cite web |url=http://www.cluj.insse.ro/cmscluj/rw/pages/index.ro.do |title=Indicatori economico-sociali din județul Cluj - luna decembrie 2014 și anul 2014 |work=Cluj County Directorate of Statistics |date=23 February 2015 |language=ro |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122014232/http://www.cluj.insse.ro/cmscluj/rw/pages/index.ro.do |archive-date=22 November 2015 |url-status=dead}} Compared with the first half of 2013, between 1 January and 30 June 2014 the industrial production index was 122.3%. The turnover value index in industry in June 2014 was 11.7% higher than in June 2013. Cumulated six months, the turnover value index is 112.5% compared to the same period in 2013. The largest new investment in the domain was carried out in public industrial parks (Tetarom II and III, with [Emerson](/source/Emerson_Electric) in Muncii Blvd. and [Bosch](/source/Robert_Bosch_GmbH) and [De'Longhi](/source/De'Longhi) in [Jucu](/source/Jucu)) or private ones in Dej and Câmpia Turzii. Therewith, the industry in Cluj County is characterized by a strong potential for processing both local resources and those attracted. Within processing industry are represented most existing branches nationwide. Over 24% of the employed population is working in different industrial sub-branches.{{cite web |url=http://actualdecluj.ro/economia-judetului-in-cifre-clujul-isi-creste-productia-industriala-dar-cei-mai-multi-someri-din-judet-sunt-muncitori/ |title=Economia județului în cifre: Clujul își crește producția industrială, dar cei mai mulți șomeri din județ sunt muncitori |work=Actual de Cluj |last=Reștea |first=Kristina |date=21 August 2014 |language=ro}} Likewise, an important sector of Cluj County economy is the [IT](/source/Information_technology) sector and that related to [customer service](/source/customer_service) – services of [sales](/source/sales), [marketing](/source/marketing), services of [IT helpdesk](/source/help_desk), [technical support](/source/technical_support), that record an annual increase of over 30% in the number of employees. The industrial production in the county is intended to cover the domestic demand and supply to foreign partners. Among processing industries, those with the highest share in industrial production are [non-ferrous metal industry](/source/non-ferrous_metal) (17.9%), [food](/source/food_industry) and [beverage industry](/source/beverage_industry) (17.5%), [metallurgic industry](/source/metallurgy) (12.9%), [chemicals](/source/chemical_industry) and [man-made fibers industry](/source/synthetic_fiber) (8.1%), [cellulose, paper and cardboard industry](/source/cellulose) (8%).{{cite web |url=http://www.cjcluj.ro/economie/ |title=Economia județului Cluj |work=Cluj County Council |language=ro}} Regarding foreign trade, compared to the same period in 2013, exports increased by 8.3%, but imports grew more strongly: plus 14.4%. More precisely, foreign trade in Cluj County, between 1 January and 30 April, is focused on achieving an export volume worth €315.7 million and imports totaling €598 million. Among the products supplied for export can be mentioned: [paper](/source/paper) and [cardboard](/source/cardboard); articles of [paper pulp](/source/paper_pulp), paper or cardboard; [clothing](/source/clothing) items and accessories; [footwear](/source/footwear) and similar articles; products of [cast iron](/source/cast_iron), [iron](/source/iron) and [steel](/source/steel); [boiler](/source/boiler)s, machinery and mechanical appliances; machinery and electrical equipment and parts thereof; optical, photographic and cinematographic instruments; [pharmaceuticals](/source/pharmaceuticals); [glass](/source/glass) and glassware; [furniture](/source/furniture). Were imported in large quantities: [coffee](/source/coffee) and [tea](/source/tea); [fuel](/source/fuel), [mineral oil](/source/mineral_oil)s and products of distillation; [organic chemicals](/source/organic_chemicals); [fertilizer](/source/fertilizer)s; hides; paper and cardboard; products of cast iron, iron and steel; boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; machinery and electrical equipment and parts thereof; vehicles, other than railway rolling stock; [silk](/source/silk); [cotton](/source/cotton); man-made fibers; furniture. === Agriculture === Concerning [agriculture](/source/agriculture) and [silviculture](/source/silviculture), varying climatic conditions of the area have created a favorable environment for the development of agriculture, this being the second branch, as share and importance, in the economy of the county. An important role in this economic sector holds [zootechnics](/source/zootechnics), but crop production has also a significant share. Both the vegetal and animal sectors undergo a period of transition characterized by reduced production from year to year, a situation that requires the adoption of measures to stimulate the recovery of agriculture. The importance of agriculture lies in the existence of the [University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine](/source/University_of_Agricultural_Sciences_and_Veterinary_Medicine_of_Cluj-Napoca) that annually licenses more than 2,000 graduates, specialists in all fields of agriculture. === Tourism === [[File:Romania-2382_-_View_from_Hotel_(7794313314).jpg|thumb|right|[Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca), the county seat of Cluj County, is a popular tourist destination locally and nationally.]] There are several tourist destinations in Cluj County, such as, most notably, its county seat, [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca), the [Apuseni Mountains](/source/Apuseni_Mountains), castles, fortresses, and churches.{{cite web|language=ro|url=https://cluj.com/locatii/cat/obiective-turistice-judetul-cluj/|title=Obiective turistice Judetul Cluj}} == Transport == === Rail network === [[File:Cluj-Napoca-Piața Gării-Gara-IMG 4623.jpg|thumb|200px|[Cluj-Napoca train station](/source/Cluj-Napoca_train_station) is one of the largest and throughput in northwestern Romania.]] At the county level, double railway lines have a share of 70%, being the highest in the Nord-Vest development region, and the degree of electrification is over 50% of existing railway lines.{{cite journal |url=http://bnro.ro/files/d/Pubs_ro/Monografii/Monografie_Cluj_2012.pdf |title=Monografia județului Cluj |pages=24–25 |language=ro}} Regarding the transportation of goods, receiving stations at the county level occupy leading positions at a regional level: [Dej](/source/Dej), [Câmpia Turzii](/source/C%C3%A2mpia_Turzii), [Turda](/source/Turda), [Aghireșu](/source/Aghire%C8%99u), [Gherla](/source/Gherla) and [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca). The length of railways that cross the county is 240 km, of which 129 km electrified line. Through Câmpia Turzii, Cluj-Napoca and [Huedin](/source/Huedin) passes [CFR Line 300](/source/C%C4%83ile_Ferate_Rom%C3%A2ne_Line_300) [Bucharest](/source/Bucharest)–[Oradea](/source/Oradea) that links with the countries of [Central](/source/Central_Europe) and [Western Europe](/source/Western_Europe). One of the major railway junctions of the country is [Dej](/source/Dej), being connected with important centers in the northern part of the country on routes: Dej–[Baia Mare](/source/Baia_Mare)–[Satu Mare](/source/Satu_Mare), Dej–[Beclean](/source/Beclean)–[Ilva Mică](/source/Ilva_Mic%C4%83), Dej–[Salva](/source/Salva%2C_Bistri%C8%9Ba-N%C4%83s%C4%83ud)–[Sighetu Marmației](/source/Sighetu_Marma%C8%9Biei), Dej–Beclean–[Deda](/source/Deda%2C_Romania). === Road network === [[File:Autostrada A3 (1).JPG|thumb|200px|[A3 motorway](/source/A3_motorway_(Romania)), also known as Transylvania Motorway, near Turda]] In 2010, Cluj County recorded a road network density of 0.4 km of road/km2. This level places Cluj above the national average (0.33 km of road/km2). Cluj County has a dense network of public roads, with a total length of 2,699 km, of which 502 km are national roads. Out of the total, 698 km are modernized roads, in majority portions of roads of national and international interest. Inland, connections are provided by 2,197 km of county and communal roads, of which 255 km are modernized, and 720 km are covered with light road surfaces. In December 2009 were opened the first 42 km of [A3 motorway](/source/A3_motorway_(Romania)), between Turda and Cluj West, and in November 2010, another 12 km between Turda and Câmpia Turzii. Were put into use bypasses for Cluj-Napoca, [Apahida](/source/Apahida) and [Gherla](/source/Gherla). Likewise, were also modernized several mountain and forest roads. Cluj-Napoca has a well-developed market for taxi services. There are also several [car rental](/source/car_rental) companies, including local operators such as inchirieri auto Cluj{{Cite web |title=Pont Rent a Car |url=https://www.pontrentcar.com/}} and inchirieri auto Cluj.{{Cite web |title=Autoconnect |url=https://autoconnect.ro}} Alternatively, short- and long-distance [carpooling](/source/carpooling) platforms operate in Cluj, such as [Uber](/source/Uber), [Bolt](/source/Bolt_(company)) or [BlaBlaCar](/source/BlaBlaCar). === Airports === [[File:Aéroport de cluj.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[Avram Iancu International Airport](/source/Cluj_International_Airport) is the second largest in Romania.]] [Avram Iancu International Airport](/source/Cluj_International_Airport), is the second-largest airport in Romania, handling 1,182,047 passengers in 2014.{{cite web |url=http://www.anna.aero/wp-content/uploads/european-airports.xls |title=European Airport Traffic Trends 2015: Passenger numbers |work=anna.aero}} The airport is located in [Someșeni](/source/Some%C8%99eni) and serves Cluj-Napoca. It operates passenger flights and international cargo flights. The airport has been continuously expanded and modernized. The new terminal built in 2009, with a capacity of 1.5 million passengers per year, is intended for both domestic flights and foreign ones. The terminal has international standard facilities. == Education == [[File:Sediul central al Universitatii Babes Bolyai.jpg|thumb|200px|With more than 41,000 students in 2014, [Babeș-Bolyai University](/source/Babe%C8%99-Bolyai_University) is the largest university in the country.{{cite web |url=http://www.ubbcluj.ro/ro/despre/publice/files/raport-rector/Raport_Rector_2014.pdf |title=Raportul Rectorului privind starea Universității Babeș-Bolyai din Cluj-Napoca în anul 2014 |work=UBB |date=31 March 2015 |language=ro }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}]] Education takes place in 359 [kindergarten](/source/kindergarten)s, 435 general [school](/source/school)s, 55 [high school](/source/high_school)s, 9 higher education institutions with 49 faculties, in Romanian or Hungarian. There are also 26 scientific research institutes and a subsidiary of the [Romanian Academy](/source/Romanian_Academy). Out of cultural institutions network can be mentioned 4 [drama](/source/drama) [theater](/source/theater)s, 2 [opera](/source/opera)s, a national theater, "Transylvania" State Philharmonic, 453 [libraries](/source/library), 10 [cinemas](/source/Movie_theater), 18 houses of culture, 223 community centers, 12 [museum](/source/museum)s, etc. == Health == There are 16 [hospital](/source/hospital)s, 234 [dispensaries](/source/dispensary), a [TB](/source/tuberculosis) [sanatorium](/source/sanatorium), 15 [polyclinic](/source/polyclinic)s, 122 [pharmacies](/source/pharmacy) in which work 2,637 [physician](/source/physician)s, and 5,709 medical staff. == Demography == According to the [2021 census](/source/2021_Romanian_census), the county had a population of 679,141 and the [population density](/source/population_density) was {{Pop density|679141|6674|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}} On 1 January 2015, an analysis of the National Institute of Statistics revealed that 13.7% of the county population was between 0 and 14 years, 69.8% between 15 and 64 years, and 16.4% 65 years and over.{{cite web |url=http://economie.hotnews.ro/stiri-finante_banci-20048458-populatia-romaniei-1-ianuarie-2015-14-detalii-care-probabil-nu-stiai.htm |title=Populația României la 1 ianuarie 2015. 14 detalii pe care probabil că nu le știai (via Institutul Național de Statistică) |work=HotNews.ro |last=Popa |first=Dan |date=30 April 2015 |language=ro}} 66.3% of the population lives in urban areas, having the fourth-highest rate of [urbanization](/source/urbanization) in the country, after [Hunedoara](/source/Hunedoara_County) (75%), [Brașov](/source/Bra%C8%99ov_County) (72,3%), and [Constanța](/source/Constan%C8%9Ba_County) (68,8%).{{cite web |url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf |title=Rezultate definitive ale Recensământului Populației și al Locuințelor – 2011 (caracteristici demografice ale populației) |work=National Institute of Statistics |language=ro |access-date=21 September 2015 |archive-date=17 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717125951/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf |url-status=dead }}
{{Pie chart |thumb=left |caption=Ethnic composition of Cluj County (2021) |label1=[Romanians](/source/Romanians)|value1=83.11|color1=#8080ff |label2=[Hungarians](/source/Hungarians_in_Romania)|value2=13.36|color2=#80ff80 |label3=[Romani](/source/Romani_people_in_Romania)|value3=3.03|color3=#80ffff |label4=[Germans](/source/Germans_of_Romania) ([Transylvanian Saxons](/source/Transylvanian_Saxons))|value4=0.10|color4=#ff80ff |label5=[Others](/source/Minorities_of_Romania)|value5=0.41|color5=#9f9f9f}} {{Pie chart |thumb=right |caption=Religious composition of Cluj County (2021) |label1=[Romanian Orthodox](/source/Romanian_Orthodox_Church)|value1=72.88|color1=#8080ff |label2=[Reformed](/source/Reformed_Church_in_Romania)|value2=9.92|color2=#80ff80 |label3=[Pentecostals](/source/Pentecostal_Union_of_Romania)|value3=3.72|color3=#3fc03f |label4=[Roman Catholics](/source/Catholic_Church_in_Romania)|value4=3.20|color4=#ffff80 |label5=[Greek Catholics](/source/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church)|value5=3.10|color5=#ff80ff |label6=[Baptists](/source/Union_of_Christian_Baptist_Churches_in_Romania)|value6=1.33|color6=#80ffff |label7=[Unitarians](/source/Unitarian_Church_of_Transylvania)|value7=0.98|color7=#3fc0c0 |label8=[Jehovah's Witnesses](/source/Jehovah's_Witnesses_Association_of_Romania)|value8=0.84|color8=#3f3fc0 |label9=Others|value9=1.27|color9=#9f9f9f |label10=[Irreligious](/source/Irreligion), [atheist](/source/Atheism), and [agnostic](/source/Agnosticism)|value10=2.75|color10=#555555}}
{| class="wikitable" ! Year ! County populationNational Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=September 22, 2006 }}'' |- ! 1948 | 520,073 {{steady}} |- ! 1956 | 580,344 {{increase}} |- ! 1966 | 629,746 {{increase}} |- ! 1977 | 715,507 {{increase}} |- ! 1992 | 736,301 {{increase}} |- ! 2002 | 702,755 {{decrease}} |- ! 2011 | 691,106 {{decrease}} |- ! 2021 | 679,141 {{decrease}} |- |} At the 2011 census, the ethnic composition was as follows:{{cite web|url=http://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-2/|title=Populația stabilă după etnie – județe, municipii, orașe, comune|work=National Institute of Statistics |language=ro}} * [Romanians](/source/Romanians) – 80.09% (520,885 people) * [Hungarians](/source/Hungarians_in_Romania) – 15.93% (103,591 people). Hold the majority of the population in [Sic](/source/Sic%2C_Cluj) (93.77%), [Izvoru Crișului](/source/Izvoru_Cri%C8%99ului) (79.04%), [Sâncraiu](/source/S%C3%A2ncraiu) (78.44%), [Unguraș](/source/Ungura%C8%99) (61.46%), [Moldovenești](/source/Moldovene%C8%99ti) (55.14%), [Săvădisla](/source/S%C4%83v%C4%83disla) (51.63%). * [Romani](/source/Romani_people_in_Romania) – 3.46% (22,531 people). Large ethnic Roma communities are in [Cămărașu](/source/C%C4%83m%C4%83ra%C8%99u) (21.58%), [Bonțida](/source/Bon%C8%9Bida) (19.81%), [Recea-Cristur](/source/Recea-Cristur) (18.34%), [Fizeșu Gherlii](/source/Fize%C8%99u_Gherlii) (16.14%), [Sânpaul](/source/S%C3%A2npaul%2C_Cluj) (15.36%), [Panticeu](/source/Panticeu) (13.12%), [Săcuieu](/source/S%C4%83cuieu) (13.02%), [Frata](/source/Frata) (11.59%), [Huedin](/source/Huedin) (11.3%), [Mociu](/source/Mociu) (11.19%), [Luna](/source/Luna%2C_Cluj) (10.44%). == Politics == The Cluj County Council, renewed at the [2024 local elections](/source/2024_Romanian_local_elections), consists of 35 councilors, with the following party composition:{{cite web|url=https://cjcluj.ro/componenta-consiliului-judetean-cluj/|title=Componența Consiliului Județean Cluj|access-date=2026-01-08|language=ro}} {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#ccc" |     ! style="background:#ccc" | Party ! style="background:#ccc" | Seats ! style="background:#ccc" colspan="13" | Current County Council |- | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | [National Liberal Party](/source/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)) (PNL) | style="text-align: right" | '''13''' | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}}   |- | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | [Social Democratic Party](/source/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)) (PSD) | style="text-align: right" | '''7''' | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   | {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}}   |   |   |   |   |   |   |- | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | [United Right Alliance](/source/United_Right_Alliance) (ADU) | style="text-align: right" | '''6''' | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   | {{party color cell|United Right Alliance}}   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |- | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   | [Democratic Alliance of Hungarians](/source/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania) (UDMR/RMDSZ) | style="text-align: right" | '''5''' | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   | {{party color cell|Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania}}   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |- | {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}}   | [Alliance for the Union of Romanians](/source/Alliance_for_the_Union_of_Romanians) (AUR) | style="text-align: right" | '''4''' | {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}}   | {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}}   | {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}}   | {{party color cell|Alliance for the Union of Romanians}}   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |} == Administrative divisions == {{See also|Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area|List of settlements in Cluj County}} [[File:Biserica Mihail.JPG|thumb|[Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca), Cluj County seat, is the second largest city in Romania.]] [[File:2011-IMG 4425.jpg|thumb|With a population of more than 47,000 inhabitants, [Turda](/source/Turda) is the second largest city in Cluj County.]] [[File:Bis ref Dej night.jpg|thumb|[Dej](/source/Dej)]] [[File:Szamosújvár (8).jpg|thumb|[Gherla](/source/Gherla)]] [[File:Bánffyhunyad református templom.jpg|thumb|[Huedin](/source/Huedin)]] Cluj County has 5 municipalities, 1 town and 75 communes. *'''Municipalities''': ** [Câmpia Turzii](/source/C%C3%A2mpia_Turzii); pop. 22,223 (as of 2011) ** [Cluj-Napoca](/source/Cluj-Napoca) – county seat; pop. 324,576 ** [Dej](/source/Dej); pop. 33,497 ** [Gherla](/source/Gherla); pop. 20,982 ** [Turda](/source/Turda); pop. 47,744 * '''Towns''': ** [Huedin](/source/Huedin); pop. 9,346 {{div col|colwidth=13em}} * '''Communes''': ** [Aghireșu](/source/Aghire%C8%99u) ** [Aiton](/source/Aiton%2C_Cluj) ** [Aluniș](/source/Aluni%C8%99%2C_Cluj) ** [Apahida](/source/Apahida) ** [Așchileu](/source/A%C8%99chileu) ** [Baciu](/source/Baciu) ** [Băişoara](/source/B%C4%83i%C5%9Foara) ** [Beliș](/source/Beli%C8%99) ** [Bobâlna](/source/Bob%C3%A2lna) ** [Bonțida](/source/Bon%C8%9Bida) ** [Borșa](/source/Bor%C8%99a%2C_Cluj) ** [Buza](/source/Buza%2C_Cluj) ** [Căianu](/source/C%C4%83ianu) ** [Călărași](/source/C%C4%83l%C4%83ra%C8%99i%2C_Cluj) ** [Călățele](/source/C%C4%83l%C4%83%C8%9Bele) ** [Cămărașu](/source/C%C4%83m%C4%83ra%C8%99u) ** [Căpușu Mare](/source/C%C4%83pu%C8%99u_Mare) ** [Cășeiu](/source/C%C4%83%C8%99eiu) ** [Cătina](/source/C%C4%83tina%2C_Cluj) ** [Câțcău](/source/C%C3%A2%C8%9Bc%C4%83u) ** [Ceanu Mare](/source/Ceanu_Mare) ** [Chinteni](/source/Chinteni) ** [Chiuiești](/source/Chiuie%C8%99ti) ** [Ciucea](/source/Ciucea) ** [Ciurila](/source/Ciurila) ** [Cojocna](/source/Cojocna) ** [Cornești](/source/Corne%C8%99ti%2C_Cluj) ** [Cuzdrioara](/source/Cuzdrioara) ** [Dăbâca](/source/D%C4%83b%C3%A2ca) ** [Feleacu](/source/Feleacu) ** [Fizeșu Gherlii](/source/Fize%C8%99u_Gherlii) ** [Florești](/source/Flore%C8%99ti%2C_Cluj) ** [Frata](/source/Frata) ** [Gârbău](/source/G%C3%A2rb%C4%83u%2C_Cluj) ** [Geaca](/source/Geaca) ** [Gilău](/source/Gil%C4%83u%2C_Cluj) ** [Iara](/source/Iara%2C_Cluj) ** [Iclod](/source/Iclod) ** [Izvoru Crișului](/source/Izvoru_Cri%C8%99ului) ** [Jichișu de Jos](/source/Jichi%C8%99u_de_Jos) ** [Jucu](/source/Jucu) ** [Luna](/source/Luna%2C_Cluj) ** [Măguri-Răcătău](/source/M%C4%83guri-R%C4%83c%C4%83t%C4%83u) ** [Mănăstireni](/source/M%C4%83n%C4%83stireni) ** [Mărgău](/source/M%C4%83rg%C4%83u) ** [Mărișel](/source/M%C4%83ri%C8%99el) ** [Mica](/source/Mica%2C_Cluj) ** [Mihai Viteazu](/source/Mihai_Viteazu%2C_Cluj) ** [Mintiu Gherlii](/source/Mintiu_Gherlii) ** [Mociu](/source/Mociu) ** [Moldovenești](/source/Moldovene%C8%99ti) ** [Negreni](/source/Negreni%2C_Cluj) ** [Pălatca](/source/P%C4%83latca) ** [Panticeu](/source/Panticeu) ** [Petreștii de Jos](/source/Petre%C8%99tii_de_Jos) ** [Ploscoș](/source/Plosco%C8%99) ** [Poieni](/source/Poieni%2C_Cluj) ** [Râșca](/source/R%C3%A2%C8%99ca%2C_Cluj) ** [Recea-Cristur](/source/Recea-Cristur) ** [Săcuieu](/source/S%C4%83cuieu) ** [Săndulești](/source/S%C4%83ndule%C8%99ti) ** [Săvădisla](/source/S%C4%83v%C4%83disla) ** [Sâncraiu](/source/S%C3%A2ncraiu) ** [Sânmartin](/source/S%C3%A2nmartin%2C_Cluj) ** [Sânpaul](/source/S%C3%A2npaul%2C_Cluj) ** [Sic](/source/Sic%2C_Cluj) ** [Suatu](/source/Suatu) ** [Tritenii de Jos](/source/Tritenii_de_Jos) ** [Tureni](/source/Tureni) ** [Țaga](/source/%C8%9Aaga) ** [Unguraș](/source/Ungura%C8%99) ** [Vad](/source/Vad%2C_Cluj) ** [Valea Ierii](/source/Valea_Ierii%2C_Cluj) ** [Viișoara](/source/Vii%C8%99oara%2C_Cluj) ** [Vultureni](/source/Vultureni%2C_Cluj) {{div col end}} ==Historical county== {{Infobox settlement | official_name = Județul Cluj | other_name = | settlement_type = County (''Județ'') | image_skyline =CJROPrimaria 1.jpg | image_caption =The Cluj County Prefecture building of the interwar period, currently the Cluj-Napoca city hall. | image_flag = | flag_link = | image_shield = Interbelic Cluj County CoA.png | shield_link = | image_map = Romania 1930 county Cluj.png | map_caption = | subdivision_type = [Country](/source/Countries_of_the_world) | subdivision_name = 25px [Romania](/source/Kingdom_of_Romania) | subdivision_type2 = Historic region | subdivision_name2 = [Transylvania](/source/Transylvania) | subdivision_type3 = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'') | subdivision_name3 = [Cluj](/source/Cluj-Napoca) | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_party = | leader_title = [Prefect](/source/Prefect_(Romania)) | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = Established | established_date = 1925 | established_title2 = Ceased to exist | established_date2 = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 4813 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_total_sq_mi = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = | area_metro_sq_mi = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | latd = | latm = | lats = | latNS = | longd = | longm = | longs = | longEW = | population_as_of = 1930 | population_footnotes = | population_total = 334991 | population_density_km2 =auto | population_density_sq_mi = | population_metro = | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_urban = | population_density_urban_km2 = | population_density_urban_sq_mi = | population_note = | timezone = [EET](/source/Eastern_European_Time) | utc_offset = +2 | timezone_DST = [EEST](/source/Eastern_European_Summer_Time) | utc_offset_DST = +3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = | blank_info = | footnotes = }} Historically, Cojocna County was located in the central-northwestern part of [Greater Romania](/source/Greater_Romania), in the northwestern part of [Transylvania](/source/Transylvania). After reorganized and renamed to Cluj County, its territory included all of the current Cluj County, and some of the communes now in [Sălaj County](/source/S%C4%83laj_County) and [Mureș County](/source/Mure%C8%99_County). It was bordered on the north by the counties of [Sălaj](/source/S%C4%83laj_County), [Someș](/source/Some%C8%99_County), and [Năsăud](/source/N%C4%83s%C4%83ud_County), on the west by [Bihor County](/source/Bihor_County), on the south by [Turda County](/source/Turda_County), and to the east by [Mureș County](/source/Mure%C8%99_County). ===History=== The territory of the county was transferred in 1920 from the [Kingdom of Hungary](/source/Kingdom_of_Hungary), as successor state to [Austria-Hungary](/source/Austria-Hungary), to Romania by the [Treaty of Trianon](/source/Treaty_of_Trianon). Thus, Cluj County was the successor to the former Hungarian administrative unit of [Kolozs County](/source/Kolozs_County) ({{langx|hu|Kolozs vármegye}}). Until the year 1925 it was called '''Cojocna County''' ({{langx|ro|Județul Cojocna}}). In Hungarian, the town of [Cojocna](/source/Cojocna) is called "Kolozs", so it was a rough equivalent of the prior Hungarian name. Cojocna County's headquarters were in Cluj, but Cluj enjoyed the status of a free city. In 1925, the autonomous status of Cluj was abolished, and the free city was merged with the county of Cojocna, which was renamed Cluj County. In 1938, [King Carol II](/source/Carol_II_of_Romania) promulgated a new [Constitution](/source/1938_Constitution_of_Romania), and subsequently he had the administrative division of the Romanian territory changed. [10 ''ținuturi''](/source/Former_administrative_divisions_of_Romania) (approximate translation: "lands") were created (by merging the counties) to be ruled by ''rezidenți regali'' (approximate translation: "Royal Residents") - appointed directly by the King - instead of the [prefects](/source/Prefect_(Romania)). Cluj County became part of [Ținutul Crișuri](/source/%C8%9Ainutul_Cri%C8%99uri). In 1940, part of the county was transferred back to Hungary with the rest of [Northern Transylvania](/source/Northern_Transylvania) under the [Second Vienna Award](/source/Second_Vienna_Award). The parts of the county that remained under Romanian administration (the south of the county, including [Feleacu](/source/Feleacu%2C_Cluj)), were united with [Turda County](/source/Turda_County) and became [Cluj-Turda County](/source/Cluj-Turda_County). Beginning in 1944, Romanian forces with Soviet assistance recaptured the ceded territory and reintegrated it into Romania. Romanian jurisdiction over the entire county per the Treaty of Trianon was reaffirmed in the [Paris Peace Treaties, 1947](/source/Paris_Peace_Treaties%2C_1947). The county was disestablished [by the communist government of Romania in 1950](/source/Regions_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Romania), and re-established in 1968 when Romania restored the county administrative system. ===Administration=== As of 1925, the county had an area of 5,079 km2 and a population of 352,029 inhabitants, consisted of 226 rural communes (equivalent to today's villages), and one urban commune (the city of Cluj), and was administratively subdivided into twelve districts (''[plăși](/source/plas%C4%83)''):''"Minerva. Enciclopedie Română"'' (Ed. Comitetului de Redacție al Enciclopediei Române Minerva, Cluj, 1929), pag. 316 #Plasa Aghireșu, headquartered at [Aghireșu](/source/Aghire%C8%99u%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Almaș, headquartered at [Hida](/source/Hida%2C_S%C4%83laj) #Plasa Borșa, headquartered at [Borșa](/source/Bor%C8%99a%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Călata, headquartered at [Călata](/source/C%C4%83lata%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Câmpia, headquartered at [Sărmașu](/source/S%C4%83rm%C4%83%C8%99ag%2C_S%C4%83laj) #Plasa Criș, headquartered at [Ciucea](/source/Ciucea%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Huedin, headquartered at [Huedin](/source/Huedin) #Plasa Mociu, headquartered at [Mociu](/source/Mociu%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Moților, headquartered at [Gilău](/source/Gil%C4%83u%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Nădășel, headquartered at [Baciu](/source/Baciu%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Someș, headquartered at [Răscruci](/source/R%C4%83scruci%2C_Cluj) #Plasa Vlaha, headquartered at [Vlaha](/source/Vlaha%2C_Cluj) The administration and territory of the county were reorganized in 1929, introducing municipalities, towns, communes and villages. The county' capital remained at Cluj (now Cluj-Napoca). The county had nine districts comprising one city (Cluj), one town [Huedin](/source/Huedin), and 232 villages divided into seven other districts:Grigor P. Pop - ''"Județul Cluj"'' (Ed. Academiei Române, București, 2007), pag. 16{{Cite web|url=http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/cluj/|title=Judeţul Cluj|first=Aspera Pro|last=Edu|website=romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro}} thumb|right|385px|Map of Cluj County as constituted in 1938. #Plasa Aghireșu, headquartered at [Aghireșu](/source/Aghire%C8%99u%2C_Cluj), containing 28 villages #Plasa Borșa, headquartered at [Borșa](/source/Bor%C8%99a%2C_Cluj), containing 20 villages #Plasa Călata, headquartered at [Călata](/source/C%C4%83lata%2C_Cluj), containing 25 villages #Plasa Cluj, headquartered at [Apahida](/source/Apahida%2C_Cluj), containing 46 villages #Plasa Gilău, headquartered at [Gilău](/source/Gil%C4%83u%2C_Cluj), containing 24 villages #Plasa Hida, headquartered at [Hida](/source/Hida%2C_S%C4%83laj), containing 37 villages #Plasa Huedin, headquartered at [Huedin](/source/Huedin), containing 57 villages #Plasa Mociu, headquartered at [Mociu](/source/Mociu%2C_Cluj), containing 28 villages #Plasa Sărmașu, headquartered at [Sărmașu](/source/S%C4%83rma%C8%99u), containing 20 villages === Population === According to the census data of 1930, the county's population was 334,991, of which 60.9% were ethnic Romanians, 30.1% Hungarians, 5.1% Jews, 2.3% Romanies, 0.8% Germans, as well as other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 134-140 In the religious aspect, the population consisted of 42.7% Greek Catholic, 21.7% Reformed, 19.3% Eastern Orthodox, 8.6% Roman Catholic, 5.3% Jewish, 0.8% Lutheran, and other minorities.Recensământul general al populației României din 29 decemvrie 1930, Vol. II, pag. 588-591 The county's population was spread out among the districts, the most populous of which were: 15.2% of the county's population was in the city of Cluj, 14.2% in Plasa Huedin, 8.8% in Plasa Hida, 8.1% in Plasa Gilău, 7.1% in Plasa Sărmașu, and 6.2% in Plasa Borșa. ==== Urban population ==== In 1930, the urban population of the county was 106,245, of which 47.6% were ethnic Hungarians, 33.9% Romanians, 13.3% Jews, 2.4% Germans, as well as other minorities. As the mother tongue in the urban population, Hungarian predominated (54.6%), followed by Romanian (33.8%), Yiddish (7.1%), German (2.6%), as well as other minority languages. From the religious point of view, the urban population was made up of 27.8% Reformed, 22.2% Greek Catholic, 19.5% Roman Catholic, 13.7% Jewish, 11.7% Eastern Orthodox, 2.3% Lutheran, 2.0% Unitarian, as well as other minorities. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commons category|Cluj County}} == External links == * {{in lang|ro}} [http://www.cjcluj.ro Cluj County Council] * {{in lang|ro}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110717124552/http://www.prefecturacluj.ro/ Cluj County Prefecture] {{Counties (judete) of Romania}} {{Localities Cluj County}} {{Authority control}} Category:Cluj County Category:Counties of Romania Category:Geography of Transylvania Category:1925 establishments in Romania Category:1938 disestablishments in Romania Category:States and territories disestablished in 1938 Category:States and territories established in 1925 Category:1944 establishments in Romania Category:1950 disestablishments in Romania Category:1968 establishments in Romania Category:States and territories established in 1944 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1950 Category:States and territories established in 1968 --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Cluj County](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj_County) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluj_County?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.