# Clarkia > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Clarkia > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Clarkia.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarkia > Source revision: 1321658071 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Genus of flowering plants in the willowherb family}} {{For|the town in the United States|Clarkia, Idaho}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = FarewellToSpring.jpg |image_caption = ''Clarkia amoena'' (farewell to spring) |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Clarkia |authority = [Pursh](/source/Frederick_Traugott_Pursh) (1813) |subdivision_ranks = Species |subdivision = over 40, see text |type_species =''[Clarkia pulchella](/source/Clarkia_pulchella)'' |synonyms = *''Eucharidium'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (1836)}} *''Gauropsis'' {{small|C.Presl (1851)}} *''Godetia'' {{small|Spach (1835)}} *''Heterogaura'' {{small|Rothr. (1864)}} *''Oenotheridium'' {{small|Reiche (1898)}} *''Opsianthes'' {{small|Lilja (1840)}} *''Phaeostoma'' {{small|Spach (1835)}} |synonyms_ref = [https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001602-2 ''Clarkia'' Pursh]. ''[Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online)''. Retrieved 24 January 2024. }} '''''Clarkia''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) within the [flowering plant](/source/flowering_plant) family [Onagraceae](/source/Onagraceae). Over 40 species are currently classified in ''Clarkia''; almost all are native to western [North America](/source/North_America), though one species (''Clarkia tenella'') is native to [South America](/source/South_America). Clarkias are typically [annual herbs](/source/Annual_plant), growing either prostrate or erect to a height of less than 2 metres. Their leaves are small and simple, from 1 to 10 cm in length depending on the species. Their flowers have four [sepal](/source/sepal)s and four [petal](/source/petal)s, usually white, pink, or red, and are often spotted or streaked. Their fruit are elongated, cylindrical pods, usually 4-grooved or 8-grooved, and when mature they hold many tiny, cubical seeds.{{Cite web|title=Onagraceae - Genus Page/ Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution|url=https://naturalhistory2.si.edu/botany/onagraceae/genusdesc.cfm?myName=Clarkia|access-date=2020-11-24|website=naturalhistory2.si.edu}} Several members of the genus are sometimes referred to by the common name "godetia", including ''Clarkia amoena'', ''[Clarkia affinis](/source/Clarkia_affinis)'', and ''[Clarkia lassenensis](/source/Clarkia_lassenensis)'' (the Lassen godetia). This is because they were formerly classified in a genus called ''Godetia'', which is no longer recognised since its members have been absorbed into the genus ''Clarkia''. Older sources may still use ''Godetia'' as a genus name. The genus was named in honour of the explorer Captain [William Clark](/source/William_Clark_(explorer)). Unofficially, the genus is sometimes referred to as ''Yorkia'', in honor of [York](/source/York_(explorer)), an African-American member of the [Lewis and Clark Expedition](/source/Lewis_and_Clark_Expedition).{{Cite web|title=Five Tips for Decolonizing Language: What's in a name?|author=Beatrice Kilat|date=22 October 2020 |url=https://www.parksconservancy.org/gateways-article/five-tips-decolonizing-language|access-date=2023-03-10}} The [Royal Navy](/source/Royal_Navy) had a warship called {{HMS|Clarkia|K88|6}}, a {{sclass2|Flower|corvette}}. == Cultivation == Some species are popular [garden](/source/garden) plants, for example the ''[Clarkia unguiculata](/source/Clarkia_unguiculata)'' (mountain garland), ''[Clarkia speciosa](/source/Clarkia_speciosa)'' (redspot clarkia), ''[Clarkia amoena](/source/Clarkia_amoena)'' (farewell to spring) and ''[Clarkia bottae](/source/Clarkia_bottae)''. There are cultivated varieties of some of these species. == Ecology == ''Clarkia'' species play important roles in their local ecosystems, as they provide habitat for native pollinators. Some pollinators even rely on ''Clarkia'' exclusively, such as the "[clarkia bee](/source/Hesperapis_regularis)".{{Cite journal|last1=Peach|first1=Kristen|last2=Mazer|first2=Susan J.|date=2019|title=Heteranthery in Clarkia: pollen performance of dimorphic anthers contradicts expectations|journal=American Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=106|issue=4|pages=598–603|doi=10.1002/ajb2.1262|pmid=30901494 |issn=1537-2197|doi-access=free}} They are also used as [host plants](/source/Host_(biology)) by some species as caterpillars, such as [sphingid](/source/sphingid) moths.{{Cite journal|last1=Miller|first1=Timothy J.|last2=Raguso|first2=Robert A.|last3=Kay|first3=Kathleen M.|date=2014-01-01|title=Novel adaptation to hawkmoth pollinators in Clarkia reduces efficiency, not attraction of diurnal visitors|url= |journal=Annals of Botany|language=en|volume=113|issue=2|pages=317–329|doi=10.1093/aob/mct237|pmid=24187032 |issn=0305-7364|pmc=3890391}} == Species == {{As of|2023|August}}, [Plants of the World Online](/source/Plants_of_the_World_Online) accepted the following species:{{cite web | title=Clarkia Pursh | website=Plants of the World Online | date=2017-08-19 | url=http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30001602-2 | access-date=2023-08-20}} {| class="wikitable" |- ! Image !! Scientific name !! Distribution |- |120px||''[Clarkia affinis](/source/Clarkia_affinis)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||California |- |120px||''[Clarkia amoena](/source/Clarkia_amoena)'' {{Au|(Lehm.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} || British Columbia south to the San Francisco Bay Area. |- |120px ||''[Clarkia arcuata](/source/Clarkia_arcuata)'' {{Au|(Kellogg) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} ||California |- | ||''[Clarkia australis](/source/Clarkia_australis)'' {{Au|E.Small}} || California |- |120px ||''[Clarkia biloba](/source/Clarkia_biloba)'' {{Au|(Durand) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} ||Sierra Nevada foothills |- | ||''[Clarkia borealis](/source/Clarkia_borealis)'' {{Au|E.Small}} || southern Klamath Range and the southernmost Cascade Range foothills. |- |120px ||''[Clarkia bottae](/source/Clarkia_bottae)'' {{Au|(Spach) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||southern California |- |120px ||''[Clarkia breweri](/source/Clarkia_breweri)'' {{Au|(A.Gray) Greene}} ||California |- |120px ||''[Clarkia concinna](/source/Clarkia_concinna)'' {{Au|(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Greene}} ||California |- |120px ||''[Clarkia cylindrica](/source/Clarkia_cylindrica)'' {{Au|(Jeps.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||southern California Coast Ranges, western Transverse Ranges, and southern Sierra Nevada foothills. |- |120px ||''[Clarkia davyi](/source/Clarkia_davyi)'' {{Au|(Jeps.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} || California |- |120px ||''[Clarkia delicata](/source/Clarkia_delicata)'' {{Au|(Abrams) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} ||northern Baja California and adjacent San Diego County, California |- |120px||''[Clarkia dudleyana](/source/Clarkia_dudleyana)'' {{Au|(Abrams) J.F.Macbr.}} || Transverse Ranges and the southern Sierra Nevada foothills. |- |120px||''[Clarkia epilobioides](/source/Clarkia_epilobioides)'' {{Au|(Nutt.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} || California, Arizona, and Baja California |- |120px||''[Clarkia exilis](/source/Clarkia_exilis)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & Vasek}} ||western North America. |- |120px||''[Clarkia franciscana](/source/Clarkia_franciscana)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & P.H.Raven}} || San Francisco Bay Area |- |120px||''[Clarkia gracilis](/source/Clarkia_gracilis)'' {{Au|(Piper) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} ||California, Oregon, and Washington |- |120px||''[Clarkia heterandra](/source/Clarkia_heterandra)'' {{Au|(Torr.) F.H.Lewis & P.H.Raven}} ||California |- |120px||''[Clarkia imbricata](/source/Clarkia_imbricata)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||Sonoma County, California |- |120px||''[Clarkia jolonensis](/source/Clarkia_jolonensis)'' {{Au|Parn.}} ||Monterey County, California |- | ||''[Clarkia lassenensis](/source/Clarkia_lassenensis)'' {{Au|(Eastw.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} || California, Oregon, and Nevada |- | ||''[Clarkia lewisii](/source/Clarkia_lewisii)'' {{Au|P.H.Raven & D.R.Parn.}} || mountains of Monterey and San Benito Counties |- | ||''[Clarkia lingulata](/source/Clarkia_lingulata)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||Mariposa County, California |- |120px||''[Clarkia mildrediae](/source/Clarkia_mildrediae)'' {{Au|(A.Heller) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||southernmost Cascade Range and northern Sierra Nevada. |- |120px||''[Clarkia modesta](/source/Clarkia_modesta)'' {{Au|Jeps.}} || North and Central Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada foothills. |- |120px||''[Clarkia mosquinii](/source/Clarkia_mosquinii)'' {{Au|E.Small}} || northern Sierra Nevada foothills at the border between Butte and Plumas Counties. |- | ||''[Clarkia prostrata](/source/Clarkia_prostrata)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} || San Luis Obispo County, California |- |120px||''[Clarkia pulchella](/source/Clarkia_pulchella)'' {{Au|Pursh}} ||Pacific Northwest mainly east of the Cascade Range in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, the southern margin of British Columbia |- |120px||''[Clarkia purpurea](/source/Clarkia_purpurea)'' {{Au|(Curtis) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr.}} || Baja California; California; Arizona; Oregon; Washington; and British Columbia. |- |120px||''[Clarkia rhomboidea](/source/Clarkia_rhomboidea)'' {{Au|Douglas}} ||western North America |- | ||''[Clarkia rostrata](/source/Clarkia_rostrata)'' {{Au|W.S.Davis}} ||the California oak woodlands of the Sierra Nevada foothills around the Merced River in Mariposa County. |- |120px||''[Clarkia rubicunda](/source/Clarkia_rubicunda)'' {{Au|(Lindl.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||Central Coast California |- | ||''[Clarkia similis](/source/Clarkia_similis)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & W.R.Ernst}} ||California |- |120px||''[Clarkia speciosa](/source/Clarkia_speciosa)'' {{Au|F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||California Central Coast and mountains and from the Sierra Nevada foothills. |- |120px||''[Clarkia springvillensis](/source/Clarkia_springvillensis)'' {{Au|Vasek}} || Tulare County, California |- | ||''[Clarkia stellata](/source/Clarkia_stellata)'' {{Au|Mosquin}} || Lake Almanor |- | ||''[Clarkia tembloriensis](/source/Clarkia_tembloriensis)'' {{Au|Vasek}} ||San Joaquin Valley, and into the adjacent Inner South California Coast Ranges |- | ||''[Clarkia tenella](/source/Clarkia_tenella)'' {{Au|(Cav.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||Chile and Argentina |- |120px||''[Clarkia unguiculata](/source/Clarkia_unguiculata)'' {{Au|Lindl.}} ||California |- | ||''[Clarkia virgata](/source/Clarkia_virgata)'' {{Au|Greene}} || Sierra Nevada. |- |120px||''[Clarkia williamsonii](/source/Clarkia_williamsonii)'' {{Au|(Durand & Hilg.) F.H.Lewis & M.E.Lewis}} ||northern and central Sierra Nevada foothills. |- |120px||''[Clarkia xantiana](/source/Clarkia_xantiana)'' {{Au|A.Gray}} ||southern Sierra Nevada and its foothills and the adjacent Transverse Ranges. |- |} ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== *{{Wikispecies-inline|Clarkia}} *{{Commons-inline|Category: Clarkia}} *[http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?5263,5341 Jepson Manual treatment of the genus] {{Taxonbar|from=Q159402}} {{Authority control}} Category:Clarkia Category:Onagraceae genera Category:Flora of the Americas Category:Taxa named by Frederick Traugott Pursh --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Clarkia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarkia) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarkia?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.